Organized in 1867, in Polaski, Tennessee by Nathan Bedford Forrest. v. Represented the ghosts of dead Confederate soldiers v. Disrupted Reconstruction as much as they could. v. Opposed Republicans, Carpetbaggers, Scalawags and Freedmen. KKK
Spreading Terror The Federal Response v President Grant’s War On v The Klan sought to Terrorism. eliminate the Republican v The Enforcement Act of Party in the South by 1870 banned the use of intimidating voters. terror, force, or bribery to v They planted burning prevent people from voting. crosses on the lawns of their v Other laws banned the victims and tortured, KKK and used the military to protect voters and kidnapped, or murdered voting places. them. The Ku Klux Klan v Prosperous African Americans, carpetbaggers, and scalawags became their victims.
kkk ALL HATED BY THE KKK Carpetbaggers Northerners/Republicans sent to help reconstruct the South…. Scalawags Southerners who helped Carpetbaggers Freedmen Blacks who tried to vote or were involved in the reconstruction of their states governments.
South’s Backlash
Forsyth, Georgia, July 22, 1867 Dear Sir, I write to inform you of a most cowardly outrage that took place last Saturday night. Our teacher whom we have employed here was shot down by a crowd of Rebel Ruffians for no other cause than teaching school. General, this is the second teacher that has been assaulted. The rebels make their brags to kill every Yankee teacher that they find. We do not know what we may do if the military does not assist us. The Freedmen are much excited at such an outrage. George H. Clower, William Wilkes, Freedmen
6. Sharecropper cannot leave the farm as long as he is in debt to the landlord. 1. Poor whites and freedmen have no jobs, no homes, and no money to buy land. 3. Hire poor whites and freedmen as laborers 5. At harvest time, the sharecropper is paid. • Pays off debts. • If sharecropper owes more to the landlord or store than his share of the crop is worth; 2. Landowners need laborers and have no money to pay laborers. 4. Landlord keeps track of the money that sharecroppers owe him for housing, food or local store. • Sign contracts to work landlord’s land in exchange for a part of the crop.
Election of 1872
1876 Election • Tilden did not receive enough electoral votes. * • Special Commission gives votes in 4 disputed states to Hayes. • Hayes wins the election *Disputed Electoral votes 164 369 total electoral votes, need 185 to win.
Rutherford B. Hayes Samuel Tilden The Democrats and Republicans work out a deal to recognize Hayes as President v. In return, President Hayes must end Reconstruction and pull the Union troops out of the South. v. Once this happens, there is no protection for the Freedmen and the South will regain their states and go back to the way it was.
Agreement between Democrats and Republicans • Hayes pulls the troops out of the South. • Southerners take over their state governments called “REDEEMERS” • Improvements attained by Freedmen would be lost because Southerners would take over their state governments.
social reality After Reconstruction, there were several ways that Southern states kept Blacks from voting and segregated, or separating people by the color of their skin in public facilities. Jim Crow laws, laws at the local and state level which segregated whites from blacks and kept African Americans as 2 nd class citizens and from voting. vpoll taxes vliteracy tests vgrandfather clause
social reality v. Derogatory name for a Black person from the title of a 19 thcentury minstrel song. v. Intended to take away political and constitutional rights guaranteed by Constitution: Voting and equality of all citizens under the law.
Jim Crow Laws: segregated Whites and Blacks in public facilities became the law after Reconstruction: • Used at the local, state levels and eventually the national to separate the races in schools, parks, transportation, restaurants, etc…. • kept Blacks, minorities and poor whites from voting and as 2 nd class citizen status JC laws 1
Voting Restrictions for African Americans in the South, 1889 -1950’s
Successes and Failures of Reconstruction Successes Failures Union is restored. Many white southerners bitter towards US govt & Republicans. 14 th and 15 th amendments guarantee Blacks the rights of citizenship, equal protection under the law, and suffrage. After US troops are withdrawn, southern state governments and terrorist organizations effectively deny Blacks the right to vote. Freedmen’s Bureau and other organizations help many black families obtain housing, jobs, and schooling. Many black and white southerners remain caught in a cycle of poverty. Southern states adopt a system of mandatory education. Many organizations, including the KKK, use violence to deny education to Freedmen
Quote by Frederick Douglass 1
Quote by Frederick Douglass 2
Which way would the scale tip? Social equality vs. legal equality
social reality Supreme Court decision which legalized segregation throughout the nation. • “Separate but Equal” as long as public facilities were equal • Problem: Black facilities would never be equal to White facilities • Our nation would be segregated until the 1960’s.
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