Organelles By Janell C Kayla K Victor I

Organelles By: Janell C, Kayla K, Victor I, and Kenny C

Introduction There are many different types of cells. One major difference in cells occurs between plant cells and animal cells. Many animals have skeletons to give their body structure and support. Plants do not have a skeleton for support and yet plants don't just flop over in a big spongy mess. This is because of a unique cellular structure called the cell wall. The cell wall is a rigid structure outside of the cell membrane composed mainly of the polysaccharides cellulose.

Animal Cell Structure

Plant Cell Structure

Animal Cell Structure • Mitochondria - structure responsible • for energy production in cells • Cytoplasm - is a clear substance that consists of all of the contents • outside of the nucleus of a membrane bound cell • Ribosome - a minute round particle composed of RNA and protein that • is found in the cytoplasm of living cells and serves as the site of assembly • Lysosome - a membrane-bound • organelle in the cytoplasm of most cells containing various hydrolytic enzymes that function in intracellular • Nucleus - a central or essential part • around which other parts are gathered or grouped Microtubules - hollow rods, functioning primarily to help support and shape the cell Centriole - one of two cylindrical cellular structures that are composed of nine triplet microtubules and form the asters during mitosis Chromatin - a complex of nucleic acids and proteins, primarily histones, in the cell nucleus that stains readily with basic dyes and condenses to Golgi bodies-a network of stacked membranous vesicles present in most living cells that functions in the formation of secretions within the cell Endoplasmic Reticulum - a membrane network within the cytoplasm of cells involved in the synthesis, modification, and transport of cellular

Plant Cell Structure • Chloroplasts - a chlorophyll-containing • Cell Membrane - the semipermeable membrane that encloses the cytoplasm of a cell • Cytoskeleton - the cytoskeleton is a • network of fibers throughout the cell's cytoplasm that helps the cell maintain • its shape and gives support to the cell • Starch Grains - energy storage in plant cells • • Vacuole - a small cavity in the cytoplasm of a cell, bound by a single membrane and containing water, • food, or metabolic waste. plastid found in algal and green plant cells Thylakoid Membrane - an internal membrane system which occupies the main body of a plastid Nucleolus - a small round body of protein in a cell nucleus; such organelles contain RNA and are involved in protein synthesis Nuclear Envelope - membrane system that surrounds the nucleus of eurokaryotic cells Mitochondria - structure responsible for energy production in cells

Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Eukaryote Cell Structure • Cytosol - the fluid component of cytoplasm, excluding organelles and the insoluble, usually suspended, cytoplasmic components • Flagellum - a long, threadlike appendage, especially a whiplike extension of certain cells or unicellular organism • Vesicle - a small sac or cyst, one containing fluid • • Plasma Membrane - a thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell

Prokaryotic Cell Structure • Pili - a hair or hairlike structure, especially on the surface of a cell or microorganism • Flagella -a long, lash-like appendage serving as an organ of locomotion in protozoa, sperm cells, etc. • Nucleoid - the part of a bacterium or virus that contains nucleic acid and is analogous in function to the nucleus of a eukaryotic • Capsule - an encapsulated material, especially one that results from a cellular or immune response to a foreign body

Animal Cells and Plant Cells Compare and Contrast Plant Cell Both Plant cells have a cell wall. Plant Cells are rigid. Plant cells have chloroplasts. Plant cells have central vacuoles. Animal Cell They have a nucleus Cell membranes No cell wall Nuclei Mitochondria Lysosomes Ribosomes Cytoplasm

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Compare and Contrast

Our anology! Cells are like cities! Cell organelle City Anology Cell Membrane Cell wall Cytoplasm City border City wall Lawns Endoplasmic reticulum Highway or road system Ribosomes Lumber or brick yard Golgi Bodies Post office or UPS Chloroplasts Solar energy plants Nuclear Membrane City hall fence with security guard Mitochondria Energy plants Nucleus City hall DNA Original blueprints of the city RNA Copies of blueprints Lysosomes Waste disposals Vacuole Water towers or garbage dumps Chromosomes Rolled up blueprints

A cell and its organelles can also be compared to a shopping mall. 1) The nucleus controls what goes on throughout the cell. - Nucleus= mall manager 7)The rough E. R makes and packages proteins. -A restaurant makes and packages food. 2) The mitochondria is the power house of a cell. -Rough E. R= individual restaurants in food court -The food court is where people get energy while shopping. 8)The smooth E. R. is used for storage -Mitochondria=Food Court -Shoppers store items they want to buy in a shopping 3)The cell membrane controls what goes in and out of a cell. cart. -The doors control what goes in and out of the mall. -Smooth E. R= shopping carts -Cell membrane=the doors. 9)Centrioles are essential in cell division. 4)The cytoplasm is the jelly like stuff that keeps everything -A shopper cant shop without money. n place. -Centrioles=shoppers money -Security guards keep the mall and the people in it, in place. -Cytoplasm=security guards. 10)The vacuole stores the water in the cell. -Shoppers can stop anytime and get water from a water 5)Lysosomes digest and remove things. fountain. -Shoppers buy things and take them home. -Vacuoles=water fountains -Lysosome=the shoppers 6)The Golgi apparatus transports things throughout the cell. -The elevator/escalator transports people in the mall. -The Golgi Apparatus=the escalators/elevators