Optoelectronic Laboratory Focus Areas • Photonic Signal Processing • Planar waveguide devices Research Team: Professors K. T. Chan, Chester Shu, Hon Tsang, Chinlon Lin + 4 research staff + 15 graduate students Center for Advanced Research in Photonics Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Examples of Research Output • All-optical signal processing – Photonic ADC – Polarization diversity loop for polarization insensitive operation – Wavelength conversion using • • – Data Modulation Format Conversion (RZ to NRZ and NRZ to RZ) – OTDM demultiplexing Waveguides – Polarization dependent frequency and polarization dependent loss compensation via • • • FWM in SOA Birefringence Switching Dual wavelength injection locking FIB trimming Magnetostrictive layer deposited on waveguide – In. Ga. As. P Waveguide Fabry-Perot filter (high speed tuneable via current injection) – Nonlinear Applications of SOI waveguides : Raman Amplification – Material properties (measure dispersion, Kerr effect & TPA in SOI waveguides) Ultrafast optics and nonlinear optics – Spectral measurement in time domain using dispersion – Two photon autocorrelation using In. Ga. As. P and Si waveguides – Terahertz pulse generation and detection using ion implanted Ga. As T. K. Liang and H. K. Tsang, APPL PHYS LETT 81 (7): 1323 AUG 2002 Center for Advanced Research in Photonics Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Photonic ADC Lee KL, Shu C: “Switching-wavelength pulse source constructed from a dispersion-managed SOA fiber ring laser” IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 15 (4): 513 -515 APR 2003 • Sampling in optical domain and quantization in electronic domain Microwave signal quantization Optical Source Sampling Transducer : electrical signal : optical signal Optical Source Digital signal processor Optical Demux quantization : Time and wavelength-interleaved pulses / Fiber laser Center for Advanced Research in Photonics Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
10 Gigasample/s Photonic ADC using 10 -wavelength sampling pulses • 10 channel output from 1 = 1560. 14 to 10 = 1569. 47 nm • Channel spacing: 1. 03 nm • Suppression of non-lasing mode > 20 d. B • Overall repetition rate: 10 GHz Individual operated at 1 GHz • Pulse width: 21 -26 ps • Timing jitter < 0. 2 ps Center for Advanced Research in Photonics Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
All-optical wavelength conversion PC 4 C 1 PC 1 OC 1 PBS 2 3 PC 2 ls Signal (S) l. P 1 Pump 1 (P 1) A PC 5 C D WDM Demultiplexer l. C SOA B Converted Signal PC 3 Isolator Pump 2 (P 2) l. P 2 -5. 0 -6. 0 log(BER) -7. 0 -8. 0 -9. 0 0. 9 d. B -10. 0 Back-to-back -11. 0 Converted -12. 0 40 Gb/s wavelength conversion -36 -34 -32 -30 -28 -26 Received optical power (d. Bm) M. W. K. Mak, H. K. Tsang and K. Chan: “Widely tunable polarization-independent all-optical wavelength converter using a semiconductor optical amplifier, ” IEEE Phot. Tech. Lett. , vol. 12, 525 -527 (2000) Center for Advanced Research in Photonics Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Wavelength conversion: BOP FWM without external optical pump Pump 1 SOA Output Signal Pump 2 K. K. Chow, C. Shu, M. W. K. Mak and H. K. Tsang, “Widely tunable wavelength converter using a double-ring fiber laser with a semiconductor optical amplifier, ” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 14, pp. 1445 -1447, October 2002. Center for Advanced Research in Photonics Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Tunable 40 Gbit/s optical source 1 C 3 2 HDF Optical Coupler OC PC 1 FPLD RF Synthesizer Dispersive frequency multiplication SOA Output FFP PC 2 Isolator Mode-locked SOA fiber-ring laser Mark W. K. Mak and H. K. Tsang: “Dispersive Frequency Multiplication for Wavelength-Tunable High Repetition Rate Pulse-Train Generation, ”Optical Fiber Communications 2001 (Anaheim), 2001. Center for Advanced Research in Photonics Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Optical CDMA Wang X, Lee KL, Shu C, Chan KT: “Multiwavelength self-seeded Fabry-Perot laser with subharmonic pulsegating for two-dimensional fiber optic-CDMA, ” IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 13 (12): 13611363 DEC 2001 Center for Advanced Research in Photonics Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
High speed tunable filter • Tunable waveguide filter H. K. Tsang et al. “ Etched Cavity In. Ga. As. P/In. P Waveguide Fabry-Perot Filter Tunable by Current Injection, ” IEEE J. Lightwave Tech, vol. 17, p. 1890 -1895 (1999) Center for Advanced Research in Photonics Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Polarization compensation by magnetostriction Magnetostriction: anisotropic strain induced by magnetic field Saturation Magnetostriction constant ( ) =fractional change in length y x External Magnetic field direction Ferromagnetic film Thermal oxide Silicon Buried Oxide Silicon P. S. Chan, H. K. Tsang, “Magnetostrictive Polarization Compensation on SOI Rib Waveguide”, 8 th Opto. Electronics and Communications Conference, Shanghai, China, Oct 2003. Center for Advanced Research in Photonics Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Focused Ion Beam Etching for mode conversion and PDF adjustment Side view of trimmed portion of rib. Gallium Ion Top view of trimmed rib SOI waveguide by 45 degrees, 10 mm Output power (d. Bm) TE TM -6 -8 WITHOUT compensation -10 -12 Compensated by 10 um FIB -14 trimming -16 1550. 02 1550. 06 1550. 10 1550. 14 Wavelength (nm) P. S. Chan, H. K. Tsang, C. Shu, “Mode Conversion and Birefringence Adjustment via Focused Ion Beam Etching for Slanted rib Waveguide walls”, to appear in Optics Lett. Nov. 2003. Center for Advanced Research in Photonics Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong 1550. 18
Silicon oxynitride switch trench for liquid crystal material for switching A Zhang and KT Chan “Characterization of the optical loss of an integrated silicon oxynitride optical switch structure, ” Appl. Phys. Lett. , Vol. 83, No. 13, 29 September 2003 Center for Advanced Research in Photonics Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
New topics of current interest • Raman gain in silicon waveguides (HK Tsang) Si. O 2 p+ Si n+ DFB Laser Coupler waveguide Si (substrate) Monochrometer Power Meter Stokes (nm) • Quantum encryption using multiphoton entanglement generated from spontaneous parametric down conversion (KT Chan) • Photonic Crystal Fibers for signal processing and sensors (CT Shu) Center for Advanced Research in Photonics Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Future Directions in planar waveguides & nanophotonics • Possible future directions: – Miniaturization of planar waveguide components using silicon wires • Requires considerable investment to improve dry etching capability (HKUST equipment is inadequate for etching submicron waveguides) • Work needed on improving coupling loss and polarization dependence – Periodic structures (thin film photonic crystal)? From Richard M. De La Rue “Photonic Crystal and Photonic Wire Devices and Technology” ECOC 2003 “The technological problems involved in fabrication with sufficient precision and acceptable propagation losses continue to present a major challenge for device engineers and physicists. ” “… the likely impact of photonic crystal and photonic wire…is considerable. Within a small number of years, we are likely to witness moderately high volume production of devices which will incorporate thinking that has been developed over a period of sixteen or more years” Center for Advanced Research in Photonics Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Photonic Packaging Laboratory • A 3 -year project with $12. 334 million total funding from ITF and sponsors Project period: June 2001 - May 2004 Funded by: Major Equipment: • • Optical Thin Film Coating System Laser Welder Automated Alignment System Polishing System Auto-Stepback Wedge Bonder Precision Die Bonder Wafer scriber Center for Advanced Research in Photonics Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Photonic Packaging Laboratory Mission: To help build a photonic packaging infrastructure in Hong Kong by: 1. support R&D in industry and academia; 2. technical training; 3. facilitate technology transfer to industry. Technical Team: 13 engineering faculty staff from IE, EE, and ACAE departments, plus 3 full-time technical staff (Dr. Ming Li, April PS Chung, MT Yeung) PI : Hon Tsang, Chester Shu Coordinator: Frank Tong Center for Advanced Research in Photonics Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Milestone 1 – Fiber attach and basic optical coatings Completed 31/7/2002 Packaged Components: Lasers, Photodetectors Butterfly FP/DFB laser module Pigtailed TO-Can photodetector • AR and HR coated FP Laser 1 Gb/s Center for Advanced Research in Photonics Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Milestone 2: High Specification Coatings Completed 28/2/2003 • AR coatings (<0. 05% reflectivity) on Si and III-V semiconductors HR overlay coatings to enhance reflection and reduce PDL from gold mirrors material t (nm) 8. Ta 2 O 5 192 7. Si. O 2 310 6. Ta 2 O 5 192. 89 5. Si. O 2 308. 7 4. Ta 2 O 5 193. 19 3. Si. O 2 308. 04 2. Ta 2 O 5 193. 32 1. Si. O 2 278. 61 0. Au 50 Si sub. Center for Advanced Research in Photonics Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Milestone 4: Fiber array attachment and MEMS packaging due 30/11/2003 Collimating fiber Bonding pads Supporting Si Si U-grove / V-grove Input 1 Input 2 Si optical bench Glass MEMS Output 1 Output 2 Center for Advanced Research in Photonics Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Milestone 5: Multi-component packaging due 31/5/2004 waveguide Side alignment pedestals Laser chip Side alignment pedestal Ti/Au/Ti/Si. O 2 Laser die solder Plated Ni/Au Substrate • • • Development of novel self-aligned flip-chip technology for hybrid integration of laser arrays to planar waveguides Collaboration with Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing on fabrication of compatible FP laser array Collaboration with Shipley on photoresist suitable for 3 D topography (needed for patterning metal at bottom of trench Center for Advanced Research in Photonics Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
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