Operational Experience with FANS 1 A ADS and CPDLC

Operational Experience with FANS 1/A ADS and CPDLC A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

Bob Peake Airservices Australia (bob. peake@airservices. gov. au) A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

WHAT IS FANS 1? A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

FANS 1 FIRST INSTALLATIONS ON 747 -400 PROVIDED SIX SERVICES • GPS NAVIGATION : RNP accuracy, Global time • AFN : Air Traffic Facilities Notification • CPDLC : Controller Pilot Data Link Communications • ADS : Automatic Dependent Surveillance • AOC : Airline Operational Communication • RTA : Required Time of Arrival A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

FANS 1 : GPS NAVIGATION • • Global coverage from GPS satellites Coupled to Flight Management System Accurate - to RNP specifications Also provides global time reference – for navigation and ADS time stamping The improved navigation capability brings operational benefits in its own right • wider range of alternate aerodromes -> less alternate fuel • reduced ATC separations (based on RNP criteria) A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

FANS 1 : AFN • AFN - Air Traffic Facilities Notification • A process for flight crew to log on with their aircraft address to the initial ATC centre using that centre’s 4 letter ICAO identifier • AFN logon provides to the ATC system the names, versions & addresses of airborne applications • ATC handover can forward the aircraft address to the ‘next data authority’ (next ATC centre) A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

FANS 1 : CPDLC • Controller Pilot Data Link Communications • Predetermined standard message set – defined in RTCA DO-219 • FANS 1 does not support all DO-219 messages – some messages automatically arm/load the FMS – some messages automatically extract FMS data • Free text messages are also possible A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

FANS 1 : ADS • Automatic Dependent Surveillance • ATC centre establishes ‘contracts’ with aircraft – periodic and ‘event’ triggered reports to ATC – future FMS points as well as present positions – use event contracts to assure conformance to flight plan – rather than frequent periodic position reports • On demand ‘one shot’ reports are also available A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

FANS 1 : AOC • AOC = Airline Operational Communications • Flight Plans, winds can be uplinked to FMS • Flight Plan, position etc can be downlinked • Plus requests up to crew, down to airline • Reference - ARINC 724 A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

FANS 1 : RTA • RTA = Required Time of Arrival • Allows crew to specify Required Time of Arrival at a waypoint • FMS then controls aircraft to achieve this target – 4 D navigation : x, y , z(altitude), t(time) • Used in Australia with ATM tactical flow management automation - ATC gives pilot a time to arrive at a ‘feeder fix’ A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

AUSTRALIA’S AIRSPACE A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

Australia is responsible for one ninth of the world’s airspace A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

Australian airspace compared to Europe A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

Australian and Adjacent FIRs Oakland FIR Manila FIR Indonesia New Guinea Nauru (FAA) Honiara Fiji Brisbane FIR NZ Ocean Melbourne FIR A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA NZ

The Australian ATC Environment 2 S 75 E 163 E Approximately 5000 nm A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

OPERATIONAL USE OF ADS AND CPDLC IN AUSTRALIA • CPDLC with Flight Progress boards – used in Pacific oceanic airspace Aug 96 to Aug 99 • CPDLC with ADS and Air Situation display – ATM system - no paper strips /flight progress boards – used since Aug 99 – initially in Pacific oceanic airspace – now available all non radar continental airspace and Indian Ocean A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

AUSTRALIA’S ATM SYSTEM THE AUSTRALIAN ADVANCED AIR TRAFFIC SYSTEM (TAAATS) A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

TAAATS Brisbane A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

TAAATS Melbourne - Control Room A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

TAAATS Controller Workstation Metrad Information Voice Switching and Control System (VSCS) A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA Auxiliary Display Air Situation Display (ASD)

Key Features • One console for all ATC roles - Radar - Non-radar - Executive - Planner • No paper strips • Plan view display of all aircraft A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

Radar Data Processing & Display Radar Data Processor Radar positions A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

ADS Processing & Display Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS) ( positions & Controller / Pilot Data Link (CPDLC) ) ADS & CPDLC Processing FANS 1 and ATN interfaces A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

ADS Tracks • Displayed track position based on ADS reports – Periodic Reports with projected intent – Waypoint Change Reports ADS Waypoint Change Report a) Position C b) Next waypoint ( lat/long, alt, time) c) Next waypoint +1 (lat/long, alt) Extrapolated position symbol Actual position symbol A B C ADS Periodic Report a) Position A b) Fixed projected intent group B, (lat/long, alt, time) ADS Periodic Report a) Position B b) Fixed projected intent group D (lat/long, alt, time) c) Intermediate intent group : Vector B to C ADS periodic report a) Position D b) Fixed projected intent group (E) A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA D E

Flight Plan Track Processing & Display ALPHA at 1205, flight level 330, estimating CHARLIE at 1236. . . A C D E B F Pilot position report for point A and estimate for point C entered by the controller. . . Displayed track positions for A to B to C based on the pilot's position report Estimates for positions D to E to F based on flight planned track, true air speed, and forecast winds Flight Plan Track Positions A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

An Integrated ATM System Position Reports (ADS, CPDLC or Pilot) Radar Positions A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA Radar, ADS & Flight Data Processors Flight Notification Pilot Intentions

Controller Pilot Data Link Communications A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

Controller Pilot Data Link Communications • World wide coverage by satellite and VHF radio data links • Standardised messages + free text • Links to FMS & ATC computers A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

Re-route Clearance (2) New route data up-linked (based on new wind data) Airline AOC (1) via Data Link (7) Cleared route up-linked via CPDLC for auto loading into FMS (3) Pilot requests clearance, expressed in lat/longs, via CPDLC down-link New weather data A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA (8) WILCO triggers FDP update TAAATS (4) Visualise route proposed (5) Edit/revise (6) Conflict probe (7) Transmit clearance in lat/long (8) Update FDP

OPERATIONAL APPLICATION OF ADS • Position reporting – Basic ADS reports • Position extrapolation between position reports – based on Projected Intent, Earth Vector etc reports • Automatic Flight Level monitoring – based on Vertical Event Contracts (with ATM system processing) • Automatic Route Adherence monitoring – based on Lateral Event Contracts • Automatic waypoint passing reporting – based on Waypoint Event Contracts (FDP automatically updated) • Automatic Flight Plan Consistency (FLIPCY) check – based on readout from FMS of next two waypoints A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

IMPACT OF ADS ON SEPARATION STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES • ADS can be used in lieu of voice or CPDLC position reports • ADS can be used to establish aircraft clear of crossing tracks • ADS can be used to establish aircraft maintaining a level • ADS can be used to monitor the new 50 RNAV separation standard • Work is proceeding towards introducing a 30 NM separation standard A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

ADS Event Contracts for Monitoring Flight Level Detected by event contract trigger A/C trajectory Flight plan cleared levels Cleared Level Adherence Monitoring (CLAM) allowed levels ADS Event Contract Level Thresholds A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

Radar and ADS Processing Route Adherence Monitoring (RAM) Warning provided if aircraft outside current flight plan route based on radar detection, ADS position and Lateral deviation reports RAM: Typically 30 Nm radius Entry Point Flight Plan route RAM: unpublished : 10 nm published : 5 nm RAM: 10 Nm Aerodrome A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA RAM: 10 Nm

Checking of Flight Plan Consistency (FLIPCY) ADS message reported route Flight Plan route & tolerances ARCW QFA 09 330 450 Aerodrome Warning provided if aircraft FMS route is outside current FDP flight plan route A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

Radar & ADS Data Processing Danger Area Infringement Warning (DAIW) Upper FL Provided as a Safety net only. 50 DAIW areas 16 point polygons, 2 nm resolution Activation times managed by supervisor/airspace reservation (4 activity periods) Lower FL Look ahead time Typ 90 secs Track must be coupled to plan • Not In “hold” state • Track must have mode C Cleared flight level usage • Use CFL as cap, unless rate of climb/descent indicates otherwise or if already passed through CFL A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA Disallowed for • Offline defined SSR codes • Defined callsigns • Supervisor Selected workstations

OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE ADS & CPDLC STATISTICS A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

FANS 1/A AIRCRAFT • QANTAS • Malaysian Airlines • United Airlines • Korean Airlines • Air New Zealand • Emirates • Ansett Australia • South African Airlines • Singapore Airlines • Future plans - Fed. Ex (MD 10) - Korean Air (747, 777) • Cathay Pacific • Thai International A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA • Test aircraft -Boeing, Airbus

FANS 1/A AVIONICS TESTING The aircraft types listed below have used Australian ground systems for avionics certification testing • • • B 747 -400 B 777 B 717 C 17 MD 10 A 340 A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

LOGONS PER MONTH 6 months to July 2000 A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

CPDLC UPLINKS 6 months to July 2000 A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

TOP TEN UPLINKS A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

CPDLC DOWNLINKS 6 months to July 2000 A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

TOP TWELVE DOWNLINKS A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

CPDLC - WEATHER DEVIATIONS Brisbane Centre - 6 months to July 2000 A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

PDC UPLINKS 6 months to July 2000 A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

ADS UPLINKS PER MONTH 6 months to July 2000 A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

ADS UPLINK MESSAGES Message Delivery Times - 6 Months to July 2000 A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

ADS DOWNLINKS PER MONTH 6 months to July 2000 A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

DOWNLINKS : ADS PERIODIC REPORTS Message Delivery Times - 6 Months to July 2000 A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

TOTAL UPLINKS PER MONTH 6 months to July 2000 A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

TOTAL DOWNLINKS PER MONTH 6 months to July 2000 A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

TOTAL (UPLINKS + DOWNLINKS) 6 months to July 2000 A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE SOME CPDLC MESSAGES A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

FREE TEXT WELCOME MESSAGE The following free text uplink message is sent to each FANS 1 aircraft as it enters Australian airspace “MSG_NO*169*ADS OPERATIONAL. NO FURTHER CPDLC POSITION REPORTS REQUIRED THIS FIR” A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

AN ACTUAL CPDLC EXCHANGE • UPLINK from ATC “MSG_NO*169*ADS OPERATIONAL. NO FURTHER CPDLC POSITION REPORTS REQUIRED THIS FIR” • DOWNLINK response from pilot “MSG_NO*67*UNDERSTAND NO POS REP REQUIRED WHAT DOES CPDLC STAND 4 TQ” A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

HOW NOT TO USE FREETEXT (a freetext route clearance request from Sydney to Los Angeles!) “Flight No. Registration Sun Apr 23 01: 04: 05 2000 MSG_NO*67*REQUEST DIR DOVOM. TERUX. S 21 E 180. KILAN. DARMA. SAPIX. PASSA. QUIGG. SANTA. CANOL. BELAN. AHNDO. WEDES. LAX” (Flight No. and Registration removed for anonymity this is a real message received by Brisbane in April) A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

HOW NOT TO USE FREETEXT • Sending WILCO in freetext instead of using MSG 0 “WILCO” in response to an uplink “Flight No. Registration Fri Jun 2 22: 58: 43 2000 MSG_NO*67*WILCO” • This response defeats the ATC system automation which may be programmed to use receipt of the MSG 0 “WILCO” to automatically update the flight data processing record. Freetext is not recognised. A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

HOW NOT TO USE FREETEXT • Appending free text to the end of a position report “Flight No. Registration Fri Jun 2 22: 58: 43 2000 MSG_NO*48*POSITION REPORT*27*26. 100 MINS*S* 157*54. 200 MINS*E*3 H 51 M*320 FL*HEELA*4 H*7 M*BEAGL* 11 H 50 M*-37 Deg_C*266 Deg*100 k. NOTS*0. 84 m. ACH* POVOP*3 H*51 M*320 FL MSG_NO*67*REQUEST CLIMB FL 340 TKS” • The position report automatically updates the FDP; the controller probably missed the freetext on the end of the position report A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

SOME AIRLINE BENEFITS FROM FANS 1 A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

North Pacific Jetstreams - 00 Z A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

North Pacific Jetstreams - 12 Z A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

Winds at FL 390 • Clockwise circulation north of the equator • Anticlockwise circulation south of the equator A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

Most Fuel Efficient Routing A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

FLEXTRACKS • Minimum fuel track between a city pair • Recalculated each day using forecast weather – Track Definition Message published – aircraft may plan this route • Used for some years Los Angeles Sydney, Los Angeles - Auckland A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

Flextrack Savings A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA 6512

DARPS (Dynamic Airborne Route Planning System) • On Pacific long haul routes (14 - 16 hours), a new forecast can become available one or two hours into the flight • A new minimum fuel route may offer benefits over the current flextrack • The new route can be uplinked via datalink, downlinked as a clearance request, and if approved used to update both the FMS & FDP • DARPS have been in operational use in the South Pacific since March 1999. A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

USER PREFERRED ROUTING • Each aircraft can plan an individually optimised route • not only taking into account winds, but also the individual aircraft weight, engines etc and airline operational choices • Same datalink procedures as for DARPS • Advanced ATM systems - ADS, CPDLC and Air Situation Display - support UPRs • Pacific trials under way - presently suspended until after Sydney Olympics A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

NEW ROUTES • Los Angeles - Melbourne – not viable without FLEXTRACKS/DARPS • The ‘Silk Route’ north of the Himalayas – only open to FANS 1/A aircraft – uses all aspects of FANS 1/A : C, N, S and ATM – shorter, greater access to preferred flight levels – time savings from 20 mins to 1 hour BKK <-> LHR A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

Automatic Dependent Surveillance London Bangkok Sydney Melbourne Data - UK NATS A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

The Silk Route Diagram - QANTAS A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

FUTURE DIRECTIONS ATN & CNS/ATM-1 A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

ATN Platform with VDL Flight A/craft Ground Beech 350 Aircraft VNI 750 PC VHF Gnd radio (TRG 750) VHF air radio (EVR 750) X 25/A 429 W CMU/Bridge PC Airborne RTR (Sun) Arinc 429 Bus BN Avionics Navigation ML Airservices CB PSN X. 25 switch End System ADS & CPDLC Ground ATN Router End System ADS & CPDLC ATCC-1 Ethernet LAN A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA ATCC-2 Ethernet LAN

NETWORK PLANNING ICAO ATNTTF • ICAO ASIA PACIFIC ATN Transition Task Force – Task Force formed by ICAO ASIA/PAC COM/MET/NAV/SUR Sub Group – Responsible for: • ATN Transition Guidance Material • ATN Transition Plan • ATN Major Elements such as security, performance and system management • AFTN Related Issues • Planning and Implementation Information in the Air Navigation Plan to develop ground part of the CNS Facilities And Services Implementation Document (FASID) – Two Working Groups were formed to concentrate on producing a transition strategy and an ATN Topology for the Region A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

CNS/ATM-1 ‘ACCOMMODATION’ • FANS 1/A systems are in widespread use • many aircraft, a number of ATM systems • many pilots and controllers now have significant experience • FANS 1/A & CNS/ATM-1 will operate in parallel • CNS/ATM-1 ADS & CPDLC has differences from the FANS 1/A implementation of ADS & CPDLC • Existing ‘FANS 1/A controller HMI’ & ATM processing needs to be upgraded to accommodate both ‘flavours’ • Aim - upgrade to be ready when the aircraft arrive • Question - when will CNS/ATM-1 aircraft arrive in the Asia - Pacific Region? ? ? A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA

QUESTIONS? A IRSERVICES AUSTRALIA