OPEN SOCIETY FOUNDATION ROM NIA GENDER Click to

OPEN SOCIETY FOUNDATION ROM NIA GENDER Click to edit Master title style BAROMETER l Click to edit Master subtitle style ROMANIA August 2000 by The Gallup Organization Romania

“Emancipation and development” this is the title of a new program of Open Society Foundation to be carried out in 20002001, with the main purpose of designing gender centered public policies. So far such topics have sometimes been the concern of non-governmental organizations, and I have even seldom heard political men or women, journalists tackling or at least discussing such issues. Nobody questioned the Romanian society about the role that women and men should have in Romanian life, about the relationships between them, or their everyday life. The idea of such a poll is not novel. It was advocated by “An. A Society for Feminist Analyses” and by the “Women Program” of the Foundation. But designing gender-centered public policies is a process that cannot be pursued without considering the way public opinion think about it, the priorities it envisages. Therefore, we believed that it was high time for the Gender Barometer. Mihaela Miroiu, Manuela Stănculescu, Ionica Berevoiescu and myself have been the members of the coordinating team who was engaged in designing the present poll, from choosing the topics, finalizing the question sets, pre-testing the questions, to interpreting the collected data. It is our pleasure to thank to all who have helped us along the project, supporting us with invaluable ideas, time and their expertise: Alfred Bulai, Laura Grumberg, Valentina Marinescu, Dumitru Sandu. Due to the limitations of the traditionally printed formula, our work represents only a selection of information and data collected for the interviews. The complete database of the poll is to be found on the web page of Open Society Foundation www. osf. ro. Thanks are due to all of those invited by the Foundation to take part at the brainstorming organized before launching the idea of the Gender Barometer: Mircea Cărtărescu, Laura Grunberg, Anca Jugaru, Dina Loghin, Cristina Mihai, Mihaela Miroiu, Doina Ştefănescu, Marina Roman, Roxana Teşiu, Cristian Vlădescu. We express our belief that their outstanding commitment in understanding and promoting women’s rights will go on as well as their collaboration with Open Society Foundation. survey, and we are grateful to director Alina Şerbănică for her professional commitment in this project. Renate Weber Chair of the National Board 2 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Þ The sample volume: 1839 persons aged 18 and over. Þ The type of the sample: stratified, probabilistic, tri-stadial. Þ Stratification criteria: 18 cultural areas grouped by historical regions, place of residence (urban-rural), the size of urban localities (towns under 30 thousand inhabitants, towns between 30 -100 thousands inhabitants, cities with 100 -200 thousand inhabitants, and over 200 thousand inhabitants), the development level of rural localities (low, medium and high). Þ Sampling design: probabilistic selection of the localities (116), of sampling points (200 constituencies) and of persons. In order to select the persons, the latest electoral registers were used as a main source. The sampling design is the same as that used in 1998, 1999 and 2000 research activities of OSF for the Public Opinion Barometer. Þ Representativeness: the sample is representative for the adult population of Romania over 18 years old, with a sampling error ± 2, 3 %. For each historical region of Romania (Moldavia, Dobrogea, Valachia, Oltenia, Banat, Crişana-Maramureş, Transylvania, Bucharest) the corresponding sampling has a smaller representativeness than the national sampling. Þ Checking : the sample was checked against the data form the National Council for Statistics and the 1992 Census. Þ The presented values represent the values obtained in the field (no weighting was performed). Þ The interviews were taken at respondents’ household. Þ Data display: The presentation of the data is selective. The breakdowns submitted are statistically significant. The variables used are: sex, age group (18 -29, 30 -59, 60 and+), level of education (primary education - 8 grades at the most; secondary education – more than 8 grades, but no more than upper secondary school; higher education – at least post upper secondary school to graduate studies), the occupational status of the respondent (employed, pensioner, student, unemployed, unregistered unemployed, housewife), place of residence (cities- over 100 thousand inhabitants, towns - less than 100 thousand inhabitants and commune/villages) and historical region. For the complete list of questions and for data conveying to more elaborated analysis, please access the complete database in the web page of Open Society Foundation www. osf. ro. Þ Survey timetable: 17 July - 4 August 2000. 3 Open Society Foundation Romania

R O M N I A CUPRINS 4 Gender Barometer - August 2000

R O M N I A Is it women’s duty more than men’s to undertake the housework? breakdown by historical region How to read the figure: 59% of respondents in Moldavia think that “doing the housework is women’s duty more than men’s”, 36% answered that “doing the housework is not women’s duty more than men’s”, and 5% do not know or do not answer. 5 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Is it women’s duty more than men’s to undertake the housework? 6 Open Society Foundation

G A L L U P Is it women’s duty more than men’s to undertake the housework? breakdown by occupational status How to read the figure: 68% of the retired that “it is women’s duty more than men’s to undertake the housework”, 24% think that “it is not women’s duty more than men’s to undertake the housework”, and 8% do not know or do not answer. 7 Open Society Foundation

G A L L U P Is it women’s duty more than men’s to undertake the housework? breakdown by age group 18 - 29 30 - 59 60 and + 8 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Is it women’s duty more than men’s to undertake the housework? breakdown by level of education primary education secondary education higher education 9 Gender Barometer - August 2000

R O M N I A Is it women’s duty more than men’s to undertake the housework? breakdown by place of residence city town commune / village 10 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Is it men’s duty more than women’s to be the main breadwinners in the household? 11 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Is it men’s duty more than women’s to be the main breadwinners in the household? breakdown by historical region 12 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Is it men’s duty more than women’s to be the main breadwinners in the household? breakdown by age group 18 - 29 30 - 59 60 and + 13 Open Society Foundation

G A L L U P Is it men’s duty more than women’s to be the main breadwinners in the household? breakdown by occupational status 14 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Is it men’s duty more than women’s to be the main breadwinners in the household? breakdown by level of education primary education secondary education higher education 15 Gender Barometer - August 2000

R O M N I A Is it men’s duty more than women’s to be the main breadwinners of the household? breakdown by place of residence city town commune/ village 16 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P In your opinion does a woman have to follow her man? 17 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A In your opinion does a woman have to follow her man? breakdown by historical region The differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA". 18 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P In your opinion does a woman have to follow her man? breakdown by age group How to read the figure: within the age group 18 – 29 , 70% of respondents think that “the woman has to follow her man”, 10% that “the woman does not have to follow him” and 19% answered “It depends”. The differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA". 19 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A In your opinion does a woman have to follow her man? breakdown by level of education How to read the figure: within “primary education” category, 87% of the interviewed think that “the woman has to follow her man”, 4% think that “the woman does not have to follow him”, and 9% answered “It depends”. The differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA". 20 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P In your opinion does a woman have to follow her man? breakdown by occupational status The differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA". 21 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A In your opinion does a woman have to follow her man? breakdown by place of residence The differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA". 22 Gender Barometer - August 2000

R O M N I A Are men as able as women in raising children? breakdown by historical region The differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA". 23 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Are men as able as women in raising children? 24 Open Society Foundation

G A L L U P Are men as able as women in raising children? breakdown by age group The differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA". 25 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Are men as able as women in raising children? breakdown by level of education The differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA". 26 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Are men as able as women in raising children? breakdown by occupational status The differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA". 27 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Are men as able as women in raising children? breakdown by place of residence The differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA". 28 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Is man the head of the family? 29 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Is man the head of the family? breakdown by sex males females 30 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Is man the head of the family? breakdown by level of education The differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA". 31 Open Society Foundation

G A L L U P Is man the head of the family? breakdown by historical region The differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA". 32 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Is man the head of the family? breakdown by age group The differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA". 33 Gender Barometer - August 2000

R O M N I A Is man the head of the family? breakdown by occupational status The differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA". 34 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Is man the head of the family? breakdown by place of residence The differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA". 35 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Is woman the mistress of the house? 36 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Is woman the mistress of the house? breakdown by sex males females 37 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Is woman the mistress of the house? breakdown by historical region Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA" 38 Gender Barometer - August 2000

R O M N I A Is woman the mistress of the house? breakdown by level of education Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA" 39 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Is woman the mistress of the house? breakdown by age group Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA" 40 Open Society Foundation

G A L L U P Is woman the mistress of the house? breakdown by occupational status Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA" 41 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Is woman the mistress of the house? breakdown by place of residence Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA" 42 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Do you usually go out alone in the late evening? breakdown by sex 43 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Do you usually go out alone in the late evening? breakdown by place of residence Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA" 44 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Why don’t you go out in the late evening? % calculated just for those who do not go out in the late evening 45 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Compared with men, the women you know are more…, as…as…, or less …? Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA" 46 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Compared with men, the women you know are more…, as…as…, or less …? breakdown by sex males females Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA” 47 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A What is important for a successful marriage? Difference up to 100% represent “less important/not at all important” and “DK/DA”. 48 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Is it important for the spouses to match sexually? breakdown by age group Difference up to 100% represent “less important/not at all important” and “DK/DA”. 49 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Is it important for the spouses to match sexually? breakdown by level of education Difference up to 100% represent “less important/not at all important” and “DK/DA”. 50 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Is it important for the spouses to match sexually? breakdown by historical region Difference up to 100% represent de “less important/not at all important” and “DK/DA”. 51 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Is it important for the spouses to match sexually? breakdown by place of residence Difference up to 100% represent “less important/ not important at all” and “DK/DA”. 52 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Which is the most important condition for a successful marriage? - just one answer - Difference up to 100% represent”other answers” and “DK/DA”. 53 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Which is the most important condition for a successful marriage? - Just one answer - breakdown by age group How to read the figure: 28% of the respondents aged 18 - 29 think that the most important condition for a successful marriage is that the spouses should “love each other”, while only 20% of the respondents aged “ 60 and +” think that the most important condition is love. Differences up to 100% represent other answers and “DK/DA”. 54 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Which is the most important condition for a successful marriage? breakdown by level of education - just one answer - Difference up to 100% represent other answers and “DK/DA”. 55 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Which is the most important condition for a successful marriage? - Just one answer - breakdown by historical region Difference up to 100% represent other answers and “DK/DA”. 56 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Which is the most important condition for a successful marriage? breakdown by place of residence - just one mention - Difference up to 100% represent other answers and “DK/DA”. 57 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Do you agree that domestic work should be paid as any other type of labor? 58 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Do you agree that domestic work should be paid as any other type of labor? breakdown by place of residence Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA" 59 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Do you agree that domestic work should be paid as any other type of labor? breakdown by historical region Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA" 60 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Is domestic work the easiest of all types of work? 61 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Who does the shopping in your family? 62 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Who does the shopping in your family? breakdown by sex How to read the figure: 41% of male respondents declare that women do the shopping in their household every day , 24% of them say that “men do the daily shopping in their household”, and 34% of men say that “both women and men do the daily shopping” in their household. At the same time, 61% of interviewed women say that “it is women who do the main shopping in their household every day, 12% of them say that “the men do the daily shopping”, and 26% declare that both women and men do it. The differences up to 100% represent “DA”. 63 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Who takes the decision of how the money should be spent in your household? 64 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Who takes the decision of how the money should be spent in your household? breakdown by sex How to read the figure: see the figure on page 63 Differences up to 100% represent "DA". 65 Open Society Foundation

G A L L U P Do you think that your spouse/partner is more or less skilful in …doing the cooking? breakdown by sex % calculated only for those living in a couple (married or living as married) Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA" 66 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Do you think that your spouse/partner is more or less skilful in . . . doing various repairs? breakdown by sex How to read the figure: only 12% of the male respondents think that they wife/partner is more skilful in repairing things , 8% think that she is as skilful as he is, 42% that she is less skilful in repairing things, and 37% declare that their wife/partner does not do any repairs at home. At the same time, 74% of female respondents think that their husband/partner is more skilful in doing such household tasks, etc. . % calculated only for those living in a couple (married or partners) Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA" 67 Gender Barometer - August 2000

R O M N I A Do you think that your spouse/partner is more or less skilful in … looking after a sick child? breakdown by sex % calculated only for those living in a couple (married or living as married) Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA“. 68 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Do you think that your spouse/partner is more or less skilful in …doing the cleaning? breakdown by sex % calculated only for those living in a couple (married or living as married) Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA" 69 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Do you think that your spouse/partner is more or less skilful in … painting the house? breakdown by sex % calculated only for those living in a couple (married or living as married) Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA" 70 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Who performs the following tasks in your household? ? (1) % calculated only for: *those possessing a car **those who do not live in a rented house Differences up to 100% represent "DA". 71 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Who performs the following tasks in your household? (2) % calculated only for : * those living in household with children **those living in household with school-aged children Differences up to 100% represent "DA". 72 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P How do you regard women who have children …? without being married and who do not want to get married 73 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A How do you regard women who have children …? breakdown by historical region without being married and who do not want to get married Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA" 74 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P How do you regard women who have children …? breakdown by age group without being married and who do not want to get married Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA" 75 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A How do you regard women who have children …? breakdown by level of education without being married and who do not want to get married Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA" 76 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P How do you regard women who have children …? breakdown by place of residence without being married and who do not want to get married Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA" 77 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Who should raise the children in a family? (the father, the grandparents, the state) 78 Gender Barometer - August 2000

R O M N I A Who should raise the children in a family? breakdown by level of education 79 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Who should raise the children in a family? breakdown by age group 80 Open Society Foundation

G A L L U P Who should raise the children in a family? breakdown by occupational status 81 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Who should raise the children in a family? breakdown by place of residence 82 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Do you personally know cases of incest? 83 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A How often, in the last two years, have occurred in your family …? 84 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P What are the most important values in boys/girls education? - multiple answer question - 85 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Do you want to have a (another) child? 86 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Do you want to have a (another) child? breakdown by sex males females 87 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Do you protect yourself against unwanted pregnancies? % calculated just for those who do not want to have a child. 88 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P What do you specifically do? - multiple answer question % calculated just for those protecting against unwanted pregnancies. 89 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Have you had any spare time in June 2000 (i. e. you did not have to work at your job, at home or anywhere else)? 90 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Do you want to have more or less spare time? breakdown by sex Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA" 91 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Where did you spend your spare time last week: home or outside home? 92 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Where did you spend your spare time last week: home or outside home? breakdown by sex Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA" 93 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Where did you spend your spare time last week: home or outside home? breakdown by place of residence Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA" 94 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Whom did you spend your spare time with last week? - multiple-answer question - 95 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Whom did you spend your spare time with? - multiple-answer question - breakdown by sex How to read the figure: 70% of male respondents spent their spare time with families, 26% with their friends, 12% did not have spare time, etc. 70% of female respondents spent their spare time with their family, 18% with friends, 12% did not have spare time, etc. 96 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P What did you specifically do in your spare time last week? - multiple-answer question - 97 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A What did you specifically do in your spare time last week? breakdown by place of residence 98 - multiple-answer question - Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P In your opinion should prostitution be outlawed or legalized? 99 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A In your opinion should prostitution be outlawed or legalized? breakdown by sex 100 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P In your opinion should prostitution be outlawed or legalized? breakdown by age group 101 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A In your opinion should prostitution be outlawed or legalized? breakdown by level of education 102 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P In your opinion should prostitution be outlawed or legalized? breakdown by place of residence 103 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A In your opinion should prostitution be outlawed or legalized? breakdown by historical region 104 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Why do you think that prostitution should be outlawed? - open-response question % calculated only for those who declared that prostitution should be outlawed 105 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Why do you think that prostitution should be legalized? - open-response question % calculated just for those who declared that prostitution should be legalized 106 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Do you personally know anybody who has performed sexual activities for money in the last two years? 107 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Have you heard of a friend or a relative who was requested for sexual favors in exchange for material or professional advantages, or for keeping her/his job in the last two years? Generally, these persons are. . . Only for those who answered “yes” at this question (101 respondents) by sex 108 by age Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Who are those persons requesting sexual favors in exchange for material or professional advantages, or for keeping her/his job ? 109 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Among your friends, relatives or colleagues have you heard of cases of… Battered husbands / male partners Battered wives / female partners 110 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Have you heard of cases of battered husbands/partners among your friends, relatives or colleagues? breakdown by age group Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA" 111 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Have you heard of cases of battered husbands/partners among your friends, relatives or colleagues? breakdown by level of education Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA" 112 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Have you heard of cases of battered husbands/partners among your friends, relatives or colleagues? breakdown by place of residence Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA" 113 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Have you heard of cases of battered husbands/partners among your friends, relatives or colleagues? breakdown by historical region Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA" 114 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Have you ever been battered by your wife / husband / partner? breakdown by sex % calculated only for those who had/have a female/male partner Differences up to 100% represent "DA". 115 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Who should intervene when a spouse/partner is battered? - multiple-answer question - 116 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P How often do you experience problems in your couple? % calculated only for couples type of residence 117 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A What are the causes of your couple’s problems? - multiple-answer question% calculated just for those experiencing problems in their couple 118 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Do you have sexual relations with your partner even when you do not want it? % calculated only for those living with spouse/partner 119 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Is there a real equality of rights between women and men in Romania? 120 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Is there a real equality of rights between women and men in Romania? breakdown by sex males females 121 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Is there a real equality of rights between women and men in Romania? breakdown by age group 18 - 29 30 - 59 60 and + 122 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Is there a real equality of rights between women and men in Romania? breakdown by level of education primary education secondary education higher education 123 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Is there a real equality of rights between women and men in Romania? breakdown by place of residence city town commune/village 124 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Is there a real equality of rights between women and men in Romania? breakdown by occupational status 125 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A What is your understanding of equality of rights between women and men? - multiple-answer question- 126 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P What is your understanding of equality of rights between women and men? - multiple-answer question. Breakdown by : "Is there a real equality of rights between women and men 127 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A What is your understanding of equality of rights between women and men? - multiple-answer question- Breakdown by : "Is there a real equality of rights between women and men in R - male sample - No, there is not Yes, there is 128 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P What is your understanding of equality of rights between women and men? - multiple-answer question- Breakdown by : "Is there a real equality of rights between women and men in R - female sample- No, there is not. Yes, there is. 129 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A In your opinion, in families similar to yours, who should lead? 130 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P In your opinion, in families similar to yours, who should lead? breakdown by level of education Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA" 131 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A In your opinion, in families similar to yours, who should lead? breakdown by place of residence Differences up to 100% represent "DK/DA" 132 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P In your opinion, who should lead in public life (administration, politics, workplace)? 133 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A In your opinion, who should lead in public life (administration, politics, workplace)? breakdown by level of education Difference up to 100% represent "DK/DA". 134 Gender Barometer- August 2000

G A L L U P In your opinion, who should lead in public life (administration, politics, workplace)? breakdown by place of residence Difference up to 100% represent "DK/DA". 135 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A What influence would have women’s involvement in … ? …political life . . . business 136 Gender Barometer- August 2000

G A L L U P What influence would have women’s involvement in … ? breakdown by sex …political life . . . business Difference up to 100% represent "DK/DA". 137 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A What influence would have women’s involvement in … ? breakdown by age group …political life . . . business Difference up to 100% represent "DK/DA". 138 Gender Barometer- August 2000

G A L L U P What influence would have women’s involvement in … ? breakdown by level of education …political life . . . business Difference up to 100% represent "DK/DA". 139 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A What influence would have women’s involvement in … ? breakdown by occupational satus …political life . . . business Difference up to 100% represent "DK/DA". 140 Gender Barometer- August 2000

G A L L U P What influence would have women’s involvement in … ? breakdown by place of residence …political life . . . business Difference up to 100% represent "DK/DA". 141 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A What would you elect in a position of …? % calculated only for respondents with valid answers (“DK/DA” were excluded) 142 Gender Barometer- August 2000

G A L L U P In your opinion…? 143 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A In your opinion …? 144 Gender Barometer- August 2000

G A L L U P Are men more capable in leaders than women? breakdown by level of education 145 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Are men more capable leaders than women? breakdown by place of residence 146 Gender Barometer- August 2000

G A L L U P Are women educated to think that being in a leadership/executive position is not their business? breakdown by level of education 147 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Are women educated to think that being in a leadership/executive position is not their business? breakdown by place of residence 148 Gender Barometer- August 2000

G A L L U P Are men interested that women would not compete with them for leadership/executive positions? breakdown by sex 149 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Are women too engaged in domestic work and do not have time for leadership/executive positions? breakdown by level of education 150 Gender Barometer- August 2000

G A L L U P Are women too engaged in domestic work and do not have time for leadership/executive positions? breakdown by place of residence 151 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Women are not in leadership/executive positions because their families do not allow them? breakdown by sex 152 Gender Barometer- August 2000

G A L L U P Women are not in leadership/executive positions because their families do not allow them? breakdown by level of education 153 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Women are not in leadership/executive positions because their families do not allow them? breakdown by place of residence 154 Gender Barometer- August 2000

G A L L U P Are women afraid to undertake major responsibilities? breakdown by level of education 155 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Whom do you discuss your opinions about the current national or local affairs? Differences up to 100% represent "DA". 156 Gender Barometer- August 2000

G A L L U P Whom do you discuss your opinions about the current national or local affairs? males females Differences up to 100% represent "DA". 157 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Have you … lately? Differences up to 100% represent "DA". 158 Gender Barometer- August 2000

G A L L U P Who should be employed in the following domains? 159 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Who influenced your decision when you decided … to get married (first time)? breakdown by sex How to read the figure: For 47% of the male respondents their partener/ wife influenced their decision when they decided to get married, for 9% of them parents influnenced their decision, for 2% it was somebody else who had an influence, while 41% of male respondents declared that it was their own decision. Differences up to 100% represent "DA". 160 Gender Barometer- August 2000

G A L L U P Who influenced your decision when you decided … to have children? breakdown by sex Differences up to 100% represent "DA" 161 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Who influenced your decision when you choose. . . your friends? breakdown by sex Differences up to 100% represent "DA" 162 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Who influenced your decision when you chose …. . . the (type of) school to attend? breakdown by sex Differences up to 100% represent "DA" 163 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Who influenced your decision when you came to a resolution about your profession? breakdown by sex Differences up to 100% represent "DA" 164 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Who influenced your decision when you chose. . . your job ? breakdown by sex Differences up to 100% represent "DA" 165 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Who influenced your decision when you decided. . . where to live? breakdown by sex Differences up to 100% represent "DA" 166 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P What did a man you know do when he lost his job? - multiple-answer question % calculated just for those who know personally somebody who lost his job 167 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A What did a woman you know do when she lost her job? - multiple-answer question % calculated just for those who know personally somebody who lost her job 168 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Do you know somebody that when s/he lost her/his job…. ? How to read the figure: from the respondents who know personally a person who lost her/his job, 72% do not know somebody „who took up drinking”, 19% do know a man „who took up drinking”, only 1% know a women who did that, , while 5% of them know both a man and a woman in this situation, and 3% „do not know/de not answer”. % calculated just for those who know personally somebody who lost her job 169 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A If you had more money, what would you buy first from the following list? -first option - Differences up to 100% represent"DK/DA". 170 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P If you had more money, what would you buy first from the following list? -first option - breakdown by sex Differences up to 100% represent"DK/DA". 171 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A If you had more money, what would you buy first from the following list ? - two options - 172 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P If you had more money, what would you buy first from the following list? - two options - breakdown by sex 173 Open Society Foundation

R O M N I A Technical chart: The sample profile of Gender Barometer As in research literature (Dumitru Sandu - Sociologia Tranziţiei, Ed. Staff, Bucureşti, 1996), the following groups of counties (judeţe) are considered cultural areas: MM SM AR BH 1 TM CS 2 OT DJ MH GJ VL 3 AG DB PH BZ BL 4 GR TR IL CL AB HD BV SB CJ MS 7 CV HG BN SJ BUCUREŞTI 5 TL CT 6 BC NT VR SV GL IS BT VS 8 Cultural areas were grouped into the following historical provinces: : Crişana-Maramureş (1), Banat (2), Oltenia (3), Valachia (4), Bucharest (5), Dobrogea (6), Transylvania (7), Moldavia (8). 174 Gender Barometer - August 2000

G A L L U P Behind the scene of the Gender Barometer · The interviews were taken from 17 July – 4 August 2000. The period after was employed for electronic data processing, editing and printing the poll. Also, standard procedures for checking the interviews and the sampling were run. ·The Institute for Science and Social Reform (ISSR) ran the control procedures for interviews and respondents’ selection. 172 addresses from 18 localities were checked by the operators of GALLUP Organization, Romania. ·Validation of the research carried out by Gender Barometer took into consideration both the control run by ISSR and also the thorough checking of data consistency. · 92 operators collected the data in 1839 “face to face” interviews. ·The sample contains 116 localities, out of which 67 are communes, and 49 towns and cities, spread all over the historical regions of the country. The most remote village (88 km from a town) is Ceamurlia de Jos, the main village of Topalu commune in Tulcea county. · The sample contains 1839 persons, with 1016 women. The oldest woman is a 94 -year widow, living on a 300000 lei agricultural pension, in the main village of a commune in Botoşani county. The oldest man is 90; he is living with his 76 -year wife on a 600 000 lei agricultural pension (plus his wife’s 120 000 lei state pension) in a village in Prahova county. ·The book was printed in 1000 copies to be distributed free of charge to all persons interested in the subject. English translation: Otilia Dragomir. 175 Open Society Foundation