Open Access with Bio. Med Central Melissa L Norton MD Medical Editor
What is Open Access?
Bio. Med Central Open Access Charter All published research articles in Bio. Med Central journals are – Universally, freely accessible through Internet – In readable format – Immediately deposited in an international open access repository • eg Pub. Med Central • Authors/copyright owners must irrevocably grant to anyone the right to use, reproduce or disseminate the research article in its entirety or in part in perpetuity provided that – – No substantive errors are introduced Authorship attribution is correct Citation details are provided Bibliographic details are unchanged
Open Access Publishing: Basics • No subscription barriers • Journal costs covered by – Article Processing Charges • Typically paid by author's funder/institution and/or – Direct institutional support of journal
Why Open Access?
Traditional Scientific Publishing • Researchers – Conduct research – Write up results – Submit papers to journals • Other researchers – Act as peer reviewers and editorial advisers • Publishers sell access to that research back to scientific community
Limitations of this Model • Contrary to the interests of: – Scientists who conduct research • Access, especially across disciplines, and in low income countries, is limited – Funders who pay for research • Often have no rights to access their own research articles – Society as a whole • Public has little access
The UK National Health Service: an example
Accessibility of NHS-funded Articles to the Public
Accessibility of NHS-funded Articles within the NHS
Who Benefits from Open Access? • • • Funders Researchers Clinicians Students Society
Bio. Med Central • Independent publisher of peer-reviewed open access research – – Launched first open access journals in 2000 Now publishing over 160 open access journals Over 15, 000 peer-reviewed open access articles published Journals are online only • All research articles covered by Creative Commons license – Allowing free re-use • Costs covered by Article Processing Charge – Typically £ 750/$1300 or – Membership • Almost 400 member institutions in 36 countries
Bio. Med Central Publishing • Journals • Peer-reviewed • All published articles are permanently archived in Pub. Med Central, INIST and other international archives • Searchable and retrievable • All included in Pub. Med, Scirus, Google, Cross. Ref, HINARI • Some journals • Indexed in MEDLINE, Biosis, CAS • Tracked by ISI for Impact Factors • 38 journals currently tracked • 25 with impact factors
Bio. Med Central Journals • 61 BMC series journals – Run by an in-house editorial team – Cover all areas of Biology and Medicine – e. g. BMC Medicine, BMC Bioinformatics, BMC Public Health • 100 independent journals – Run by external groups of scientists or societies – e. g. Malaria Journal, Respiratory Research, Retrovirology • 4 journals publish subscription-only commissioned content in addition to OA research – Genome Biology, Arthritis Research & Therapy, Breast Cancer Research, Critical Care
What do Authors Think of Open Access?
Trends in Submissions
Authors Embracing OA • Research community is now much aware of open access • Up 10 percentage points from 2004 • Fall in authors knowing nothing at all about open access (down 25 percentage points) • Authors publishing in OA up from 11% (2004) to 29% (2005) Independent study by CIBER: http: //www. ucl. ac. uk/ciber_2005_survey_final. pdf
Article Visibility
Citations and Downloads • “Senior authors believe downloads to be more credible measure of the usefulness of research then traditional citations. ” • http: //www. ucl. ac. uk/ciber_2005_survey_final. pdf • “Open access articles receive 50% more full-text accesses and PDF downloads than subscription-access articles. ” • Kenneth R. Fulton, PNAS Publisher
Growth in Article Accesses
Visibility on Bio. Med Central • 500, 000 registrants • 450, 000 unique users per month • 300, 000 Bio. Med Central email update recipients • 5 million page views per month • 2+ million article downloads per month • Average article downloaded >1100 times in first 3 months
Who Supports Open Access?
Government • Federal Research Public Access Act of 2006 – Requires that agencies with research budgets of more than $100 million enact a public access policy to ensure that articles generated through research funded by that agency are made available online within 6 months of publication • Australian Government Department of Education, Science, and Training – ‘There are new opportunities and new models for scholarly communication that can enhance the communication and dissemination of research findings to all potential users and, thereby, increase the economic and social returns to public investment in R&D. Open access is, perhaps, the most important’
Government • EC Report calls for change in science publishing – Set up EU policy mandating EC-funded research to be made open access – Allocate money to libraries for subscription journals and for author pays journals • House of Commons(UK) Inquiry into Scientific Publishing – UK research funding bodies mandate free access to all their research findings – Research Councils each establish a fund to which their funded researchers can apply should they wish to publish their articles using the author-pays model
Institutional Membership • Two basic models for institutions – Full membership • Institution agrees to pay for every article published by one of their authors, at a discounted rate – Supporters' membership • Institution pays a flat rate, and in return, authors get a discount, but must still organize payment of their own APCs
Institutional Members Almost 400 institutions are members of Bio. Med Central, including: • • • • Cal. Tech University of California Cambridge University Columbia University Cornell University Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Georgetown University Harvard University Institute for Genomic Research Institute for Systems Biology Johns Hopkins University of Kansas Medical Center MC Anderson Cancer Cemter Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center MIT Libraries University of Michigan • • • • University of Minnesota National Institutes of Health University of Nebraska Northwestern Oxford University Princeton University Rockefeller University Scripps Research Institute University of Southern California Stanford University Tufts University Washington University in St. Louis Wellcome Trust University of Wisconsin World Health Organization Yale University
Funders that Explicitly Allow APCs to be Paid from Grants Academy of Finland (Finland) BIOTEC (Thailand) Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Canada) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Spain) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy) Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (Denmark) Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany) FAPESP (Brazil) Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Austria) Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Belgium) Health Research Board (Ireland) Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US) Indian Council of Medical Research (India) INSERM (France) International Human Frontier Science Program Organization (International) Israel Science Foundation (Israel) Max Planck Society (Germany) Medical Research Council (UK) National Health Service (UK) National Institutes of Health (US) National Science Foundation (US) Rockefeller Foundation (US) South African Medical Research Council (South Africa) Suomen Akatemia (Finland) Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (Sweden) Swedish Research Council (Sweden) Swiss National Science Foundation (Switzerland) Wellcome Trust (UK)
Societies Launching open access journals with Bio. Med Central: • Geochemical Transactions - Geochemistry Division of the • Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica - Veterinary Associations of the • Chiropractic & Osteopathy - Chiropractic & Osteopathic College • • • Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases - subunit of INSERM Chinese Medicine - International Society of Chinese Medicine Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research - Chinese • Bio. Psycho. Social Medicine - Japanese Society of Psychosomatic American Chemical Society Nordic Countries of Australasia Speaking Orthopaedic Society Medicine
Who Pays the Cost of Publication? • Some Bio. Med Central journals cover the cost of publication themselves – Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry – Chinese Medicine – Chiropractic & Osteopathy • For our other journals, payment typically comes the authors’ funder or institution, through grant money or Bio. Med Central membership
Bio. Med Central's Article Processing Charges
Summary Open access online publishing: • Is a viable publishing option • Is supported by authors, funders, institutions, and governments • Maximizes research visibility • Optimizes scientific progress and clinical practice • Benefits society as a whole
Open Access with Bio. Med Central Melissa L Norton MD Medical Editor
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