OPEN ACCESS TEN YEARS AFTER LIBRARIANS

OPEN ACCESS – TEN YEARS AFTER

LIBRARIANS’ LIFE Before 80 s • Well-structured, Organized, Predictable, Easy, Fun…. not soo bad

Technologies Change Our Entire LIFE

Technology Changes -1990 s. • Billiana Alexandrova • 1990 - Hytelnet –peter Scott • 1991 Gopher – Paul Linder • 1993 – Mosaic • 1995 – Amazon • 1998 - Google • 1997/8 - MEDLine • E-journals

“A perfect Storm” • The crisis in scholarly publishing • The crisis in library budgets • The challenges of Digital preservation • The cost of disseminating research 5

Crisis in scholarly publishing Number of Journals Doubling er ev 2 y y 0 rs ea

…. but number of journals purchased by libraries are decreasing

Price Shock -- $14, 495. 00

Price Shock -- $4, 045. 00 • l Source: http: //www. englib. cornell. edu/exhibits/stickershock/alaska. htm

Scholarly Communications • 1665 - first peer-review journals – “Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society” – London; “Journal de Scavans” - Paris • Postwar boom in publishing • The beginning of conglomerate publishing • Big Mergers and Acquisitions –Reed Elsevier, Lippincott-Raven, Francis&Taylor(1797); Kluwer, Springer, Blackwell, Thompson-only after 1990 s • Big Business -Forbes ranked the Publishing Industry # 5 th

Second Scholarly Publication Crisis… • OMG!

Dealing With the Crisis • Libraries and scholars have been using a number of strategies to cope with the crisis in scholarly communication: -canceling journals ‘subscription. -Improving document delivery services. -cooperative collection development. -greater dependence on e- resources

Reconsidering Scholarly publishing • Lost in the wilderness • Main agents in the process • Funding Issues • Copyrights • Traditional & Commercial Publishers • Alternatives

This has given rise to…. Open Access 14

SUPPORT FOR OA • • • BOAI-OSI – programs OSI and the Scholarly Publication Crisis Meeting in Budapest –Dec. 2001 Unification of Terminology – Open Access Articulation of the Main Strategies to support OA Opening new venues for scholarly communication: – Bethesda Statement – Berlin Declaration

BOAI cont. • Financial support – – – for workshops and trainings For many projects Support for many initiatives of SPARC Open access Blog – Peter Suber DOAJ DOAR

OPEN ACCESS • • • Open the channels of communication Access scientific and scholarly research Online Free of charge Free of most licensing restrictions.

OA VEHICLESs • Two primary vehicles for delivering OA to research articles: – OA journals and – OA archives or repositories • OA journals – Open access journals are e-journals that may or may not have their print editions – OA journals are peer reviewed , free at the point of access by the publishers – Funding for the Open Access journals come either from the funding agencies or grants 5

It’s not so Impossible…wow! • A modern maxim says: ``People tend to overestimate what can be done in one year and to underestimate what can be done in five or ten years. ''

A whole New World Was Born • OA Journals • OA Archives &IR • New legal framework has been developed • New Infrastructure is being built • OAI –PMH interoperability • New Indexing Services provided • New culture adopted

http: //www. doaj. org

OA Journals By Countries

SPARC EUROPE CERTIFICATE CC BY/OAI-PHM

http: //www. doaj. org/d oaj? func=sealed. Journ als

E-Depot • • • National Library of Netherlands – preservation function – digital archive Archiving environment for the KB’s national electronic deposit collection Includes: the Dutch web archive and digitised master images in line with the international nature of information provision, the KB has extended its e-Depot services to international publishers worldwide (now 12 million objects). The e-Depot is supported by sustained research and development efforts geared towards maintaining the integrity of stored digital objects. “The content of the DOAJ collection contains many new, specific aspects to overcome. We are sure that we can rise to the challenge, working together for the benefit of present and future generations”, says Marcel Ras, Manager e-Depot.

SERVICES FOR AUTHORS

Big Debates- Impact factor -OA • Mc. Veigh, M. E. Open access journals in the ISI Citation Databases &Analysis of impact factors and Citation patterns- a citation study from Thompson Scientifichttp: //www. isinet. com/media/presentrep/essays pdf/openaccessciations 2. pdf • Hajjem, C. Ten-Year cross-disciplinary comparison of the growth of open access and how it increases research ciation impact. IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin, 2005, Vol. 28, 4, с. 38 -47. : http: //eprints. ecs. soton. ac. uk/11688/. • Brody, T. Citation Analysis in the Open Access World • Brody, T. et. OA Citation Information. Final Report – extended version. JISC SCHolarly Communication Group

POLITICAL SUPPORT FOR OA • OA MANDATE -Europe • U. K. RCs- Position Statement on Access to Research • 2006 – Welcome Trust – the first to mandate OA for the research it supports • 6 out of the 7 th U. K. Research Councils adopted OA mandate • CERN, CNRS, Max Plank Institute • 2006 –”Economic and Technical Evolution of the Scientific Publication Markets of Europe” –EC on Scientific Research recommended OA mandate for publicly funded research • February 2007 - Brussels – ECSR –meeting – European Research Area

OA Mandates -EUROPE • 10 January, 2008 - historical event • European Research Council –the largest sponsor in Europe for scientific research – 7, 500, 000 euro for FP 7 (2007 -2013) – 2008 - another 10, 000, 000 euro –OA mandate • Support from EC • European Scientific Foundation and Euro. HORC– Vision on a Globally Competitive European Research Area and Road Map for Actions to Help Build It – National Academies of Sciences

OA MANDATE -U. S. A. • 2005 – NIH –OA recommended, 2007 -mandated • 2007 - Federal Research Public Access Act - OA mandate for research projects, sponsored by the organizations with the annual budget more that $ 100, 000 – NIH, NSF, Department of Energy, etc. 2008 - Harvard, MIT, Stanford, UC, followed by many others

Publishers’ Changing policies • • • SPRINGER –Open Choice Oxford Open Initiative SAGE launched its first line of full OA journals, after teaming up with Hindawi +Hinari Wiley-Blackwell Elsevier CERN’s SCOAP 3 project (Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics) • The Mellon Foundation -a study of massive redirection projects designed to support OA journals

Publishers offer additional services • Publishing fee waiver for Institutions with subscription – Oxford, Springer, et. • Oxford 5– subscription prices is going down • Many other options on the table –negotiate them for your authors!!!!!

OA Archives -classification • Many classifications – – – – Type of content Type of documents Audience Functions Coverage Purpose

OA ARCHIVES - classification • • Journals archives Departmental IR IR Regional National –DAREnet, DIVA International –Ar. Xiv, Cog. Prints, Re. PEC Many others

SEARCH ENGINES A&B SERVICES

Metadata Searching http: //library. cern. ch/HEPLW/12/papers/1/ Heterogeneous resources, location, format, technologies, type

Project Cross. Ref - Google •

Most comprehensive science-specific Index Unique way of a Commercial Organization Efforts to meet and serve World Scholarly Community Needs More than four million users around the world Free Web Search Engine

Citation Services • Paid services – Thompson ISI Citation Index, Scopus • Free Services: – Google Scholar - 2004 – Scirus. com – Citebase Search -2005, Tim Brody-Ar. Xiv, Bio. Med. Central; Pubmed. Central – Cite. Seer. X -1998 – Cit. Ec - Re. Pec

Union Catalog of Digital Resources

Tools for Building OA Repositories • OAI-PMH • Softwares: – – – – e. Prints DSpace Greenstone –UNESCO- Gutenberg project CDSInveno- CERN Fedora ARNO PKP 62

OA TODAY

Ei. FL. net -programs

Big Questions/Big Fights? • Print as developed over the past half millennium, made the libraries what they are today /were yesterday? ! • The end of print era and print libraries • What library activities make sense today? • What will be the library of the future?

Open Access and Libraries • Corrects the dysfunctional market • Expands the scope of resources libraries provide access to • Defines new tasks and roles for librarians • Reshape the traditional library activity ”Collection Development” • Gives new opportunities for libraries to be creative and proactive

What’s Next? • Technological predictions are notoriously hard to make correctly • “There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home”. • Ken Olson, president, chairman and founder of Digital Equipment Corp. , 1977 • “ 640 K ought to be enough for anybody. ” Bill Gates, 1981

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