OLH Unit 1 Introduction Words

+ OLH Unit 1 Introduction

+ Words to Master n antīqua, adj. , ancient, old (antique) n et, conj. , and; et…et, both…and n lāta, adj. , broad, wide (latitude) n lingua, -ae, f. , tongue, language (linguist) n māgna, adj. , large, great (magnitude) n multa, adj. , much; pl. , many (multitude) n nōn, adv. , not (nonentity) n puella, -ae, f. , “girl” n pulchra, adj. , pretty, beautiful (pulchritude) n sed, conj. , but n via, -ae, f. , road, street, way (viaduct) n villa, -ae, f. , farmhouse, country house, farm (villa)

+ Sentence Patterns n Via est (is) via Rōmāna (Roman). n Via Rōmāna nōn est lāta sed est pulchra. n Viae Rōmānae sunt (are) pulchrae sed sunt antīquae. n Multae villae Rōmānae sunt magnae et pulchrae. n Lingua Rōmāna est antīqua et pulchra. n Viae et villae et puellae Rōmānae sunt pulchrae.

+ n The farmhouse is a Roman farmhouse. n The Roman farmhouse is large and beautiful. n Many farmhouses are broad and large. n The Roman language is ancient, but it is (est) beautiful. n The streets are not wide, but they are pretty.

+ The Genitive Case n The possessive case n In English, possession or ownership is indicated by the letter -s, used as either as –’s or –s’ n the farmer’s cottage/the cottage of the farmer (singular) n the farmers’ cottage/the cottage of the farmers (plural)

+ Possessive Adjectives n mea: my n tua: your (sing. ) n nostra: our n vestra: your (pl. )

+ Person, Number, and Gender n Person n n 2 nd Person: you n n 1 st Person: I, we 3 rd Person: he, she, it, they Number n n n Singular (1) Plural (more than 1) Gender n Masculine n Feminine n Neuter

+ Words to Master n domina, -ae, f. “mistress, lady” n fēmina, -ae, f. “woman” (feminine) n incola, -ae, m. & f. “inhabitant” (colony) n īnsula, -ae, f. “island” (insulate) n lībera, adj. “free” (liberate) n paene, adv. “almost”; n paenīnsula, -ae, f. “peninsula” n parva, adj. , “small, little” n patria, -ae, f. , “fatherland, country, native land” (repatriate) n -que, conj. “and” n rēgīna, -ae, f. “queen” n serva, -ae, f. , “female slave, handmaid” (servile) n terra, -ae, f. “earth, land, country” (territory)

+ Sentence Patterns n Amērica, patria nostra, est terra lībera māgnaque. n Hibernia, terra lībera, est īnsula parva sed pulchra. n Īnsula tua, Ō Rēgīna, est pulchra et lībera! n Domina est incola Ītaliae; māgnae paenīnsulae. n Patria mea est paenīnsula; patria tua nōn est paenīnsula.

+ Homework: Translate into Latin n The inhabitants of America are free. n Beautiful Italy is almost an island. n Greece, a country of Europe, is a small peninsula. n The women of our native land are beautiful. n O Lady, your slaves are small; my slaves are large.

+ Verbs n A verb is the MOST IMPORTANT word of a Latin sentence n n It tells what the subject does or what is done to the subject Linking Verbs n n Verbs that LINK the subject with a noun or adjective in the predicate n n Do not express feeling or action *Nouns or adjectives that follow linking verbs are ALWAYS nominative and agree with the subject Action Verbs n n Express action Agreement n A verb must agree with its subject in person (1 st/2 nd/3 rd) and number (singular/plural)

+ Personal Endings Singular Plural 1 st Person -ō or -m (I) -mus (we) 2 nd Person -s (you-s) -tis (you-pl) 3 rd Person -t (he/she/it) -nt (they)

+ Conjugation of the verb SUM “to be”

+ SUM facts about SUM n Any form of the verb sum may be used to link the predicate noun or adjective with the subject n The predicate nominative agrees with the subject in case, and usually in gender and number n The predicate adjective agrees with the subject in gender, number, and case n E. g. , Italia est paeninsula. Italy is a peninsula. n E. g. , Europa et America sunt magnae. Europe and America are large.

+ Practice n Hibernia et Britannia sunt insul__. n Patria nostr__ est terr__ liber__. n Vit__ mea in silv__ magnā est libera. n Non sum puell__ parv__. n Estis amicae nostr__. n Sum fili__ laeta agricol__. n Es quoque amic__ naut__. n In cas__ sunt multae serv__.