Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Humanitarian

Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Humanitarian Disaster Management / Emergency Response Mechanism 02 December 2009, Jakarta

Article One = the purposes of the UN: – To keep peace throughout the world – To develop friendly relations between nations based on the principles of equal rights & self-determination of peoples – To promote cooperation in solving international economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms – To be a centre for achieving these common goals

Basic organisation of the United Nations SPECIALIZED AGENCIES UN PROGRAMMES Security Council MAIN General Trusteeship Council Assembly ORGANS Economic S-G OF International Court of & Social THE UNCouncil Justice Secretariat & FUNDS & OTHER ORGANISATIONS

The Emergency Relief Coordinator (GA Resolution 46/182, December 1991) • Is USG for Humanitarian Affairs and heads OCHA; • Processes requests from Member States for emergency assistance and Mobilizes emergency relief capacities • Conducts pooling and analysis of early-warning information, joint inter-agency needs-assessment • Facilitates negotiation on access to deliver aid; • Promotes the smooth transition from relief to rehabilitation; • Chairs the Inter-Agency Standing Committee; • Manages the world-wide network of Humanitarian Coordinators.

Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform OCHA was established pursuant to the adoption of the Secretary General’s Programme for Reform by GA Resolution 52/12 (12 Nov. 1997), which identified 3 priority areas for OCHA: POLICY DEVELOPMENT, to ensure that all humanitarian issues are addressed; ADVOCACY of humanitarian issues; COORDINATION of humanitarian emergency response.

OCHA Response Mechanisms and Tools • 24 hours Duty system • UNDAC Teams • Reliefweb. int • IHP Support modules (+) • Emergency Cash Grants • Register of Disaster Management Capabilities • Standby Partners ols A To OCH • IASC secretariat • Brindisi Warehouse • On Site Operations Coordination centre ( OSOCC) in field • Virtual OSOCC (GDACS) • CAP section • INSARAG Secretariat • CERF • Disaster Response advisors • MCDA & CMCoord* • IRIN (Integrated Regional Information Networks) • Environmental Emergency Section • Humanitarian Info Centre * *) UN Common services • Emergency telecomms*

OCHA Indonesia OCHA has been present in Indonesia since 1999 focusing on: • Strengthening in-country coordination capacity in close collaboration with BNPB and other government agencies • Monitoring, reporting and responding to natural disasters and other emergencies • Coordinating and mobilizing humanitarian response • Advocating humanitarian issues through various mechanisms • Secretariat of Consortium for Disaster Education and UNTWGDRR • OCHA is embedded to RC/HC Office

Disaster Management Principles and Coordination • The principle of liability; • The principle of greatest possible similarity; • The principle of lowest possible operational level,

What is coordination for? • • • Avoiding duplication Ensuring coverage Speeding delivery Using facilities efficiently Prioritised needs addressed first

Levels of coordination International level National level Local Emergency Management Level

OCHA’s Global Coordination Model Disaster affected country International response • National disaster relief coord. • Donor governments • Embassies • Inter Governmental org. • UN agencies’ reps. • National Red Cross/Crescent ASSISTANCE • UN agencies • Red Cross/Crescent family. • National NGO’s • International NGO’s • Others (including private) Representative of OCHA (Res. Reps/UNDAC) Information on needs & national response Information on needs/international response OCHA (IASC)

But the reality ? UNDAC Affected Population Affected Government National Red Cross CIMIC ICRC OCHA Geneva UNDP Humanitarian Coordinator HCR UNICEF MIL National military Donor Govt’s OSSOC MEDIA USAID/ DART WFP IFRC CEDERA PNSs NGOs Ambassadors NGOs IGOs

Humanitarian Response Review in 2005 found: • Well-known, long-standing gaps • Unpredictable response capacity • Weak partnerships • Insufficient accountability • Inconsistent donor policies

Humanitarian Reform: Building a Stronger, More Predictable Humanitarian Response System Three Pillars of Reform and The Foundation HUMANITARIAN COORDINATORS CLUSTER APPROACH Adequate capacity and predictable leadership in all sectors HUMANITARIAN FINANCING Effective leadership and coordination in humanitarian emergencies Adequate, timely and flexible financing PARTNERSHIP Strong partnerships between UN and non-UN actors For further learning: www. humanitarianreform. org

Whose reform?

Cluster Approach • • • Cluster/Sector Working Group Agriculture Camp Coordination & Camp Mgmt Early Recovery Education Emergency Shelter • • • Emergency Telecomms Health Logistics Nutrition Protection • Water, Sanitation & Hygiene Global Cluster Leads FAO UNHCR (conflict) & IOM (nat. disasters) UNDP UNICEF & Save the Children UNHCR (conflict) & IFRC (as Convenor. Nat. disasters) WFP WHO WFP UNICEF UNHCR (conflict) / UNICEF (Disasters/ civilians from conflict or non-IDPs) UNICEF

Cluster Approach in Indonesia • Was activated during Yogyakarta and Central Java Earthquake Response in 2006 • Contingency Planning using cluster approach. All clusters except Camp Management has been activated. Scenarios: large scale (major earthquake), medium scale (floods affecting some provinces) and full blown pandemic influenza • Strengthen the cluster to respond the needs in West Java Earthquake - September 2009 and West Sumatra Earthquake - October 2009

Humanitarian Coordinators Actions to strengthen the HC system: • Establish broad-based humanitarian country teams • Greater inclusiveness, transparency, and ownership in the appointment of Humanitarian Coordinators (non-IASC partners) • RC/HC “score card” • Training and Induction • Support to HCs during emergencies and in transition

Humanitarian Financing Actions to improve Humanitarian financing: • Good Humanitarian Donorship (GHD) initiative • Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) • Other initiatives These complement the existing: • Consolidated and Flash Appeal Processes • Common Humanitarian Funds (CHFs), Emergency Response Funds (ERFs), Operational Reserves etc Accessible funds within 72 hours of a crises.

Partnership Building No single humanitarian agency can cover all humanitarian needs § The Government has primary role in organizing humanitarian assistance in a disaster (GA Resolution 46/182). § Sector/Cluster Lead responsible for promoting close cooperation and linkages. § Where appropriate, should promote training and capacity building. § Influenced by political and security situation.

Guidelines on the use of Military and Civil Defence Assets in Disaster Relief (Oslo Guidelines, 1994, updated 2006) Aimed to establish the basic framework formalizing and improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the use of foreign military and civil defense assets in international disaster relief operations.

Principles and Concepts q At the request or consent of receiving state q At no cost to the receiving state q In support of local emergency management q “Additionality/Complementarity” (Supporting) q Needs-based, neutral and impartial q Unarmed and in national uniform

Any questions ?