Objectives & Standards • SWBAT to use evidence to support a historical argument on 1) the sinking of the USS Maine & 2) American opinion on the Philippine War. SWBT analyze the importance of the Spanish-American War in America’s rise as an Imperial Power SWBAT Relate the cause and effect of the sinking of the USS Maine. SWBAT assess the results of the Platt Amendment • S 2. C 7. PO 1, PO 4, PO 6 • S 4. C 1. PO 1 • CCSS. ELA-Literacy. SL. 9 -10. 1 • CCSS. ELA-Literacy. RH. 9 -10. 1, 2
Fueling Factors For American Imperialism 1. Competition – economic growth depended upon expanded markets and foreign investments. 2. Competition – political and military – particularly a need for a strong navy to protect shipment of goods. 3. Racism – a belief that those of Anglo-Saxon decent were superior to other races, and our duty to impart our ways upon others.
New Markets 1. Latin America – Honduras, Colombia, and Nicaragua had resources that American would use immediately, while others also seemed to have investment potential. 2. Asia – China, Indochina, and outlying islands had large numbers of citizens, who seemed in need of American goods. 3. Africa – had been under the control of the French, English, and Spanish.
Military Growth U. S. - had always tried to avoid “foreign entanglements” but had noticed the rest of the world’s capabilities and their own lack of ability to compete. Alfred T. Mahan – promoted military expansion, especially the navy. Creator of the Great White Fleet, used to intimidate those who saw it. Created a Standing army to protect America.
Offering Advancement White Man’s Burden – was the prevailing thought of the day, that it was the duty of the Christian to pass his way of life to those around the world, offering civilization to developing nations. Anti-imperialism – was the belief that nothing justified dominating other sovereign countries or the military build up that was required to maintain that control.
CUBA • Close to home, with constant unrest and rebellion from Spanish control. • Large sugar plantations with cheap labor, making for cheap prices. • War for independence, led by Jose´ Marti´, put our relationships to the test. • War was compounded by yellow journalism. Sensational news for a nation of dreamers. • The De Lôme Letter – the insult that brought the American public to life.
The Maine • February 15 th, 1898: U. S. S. Maine is destroyed by explosion, in Havana Harbor, Cuba, Papers quick to lay blame on the Spanish, though without proof. • Last straw with President Mc. Kinley, war is quickly declared by congress. • What really happened?
Spanish-American War (1898) First attack took place in the Philippines. The first battle between American and Spanish forces was at Manila Bay where, on May 1, Commodore George Dewey, commanding the U. S. Navy's Asiatic Squadron aboard USS Olympia, in a matter of hours defeated a Spanish squadron under Admiral Patricio Montojo.
Invading Cuba Rusty, rusty… 1. Outdated leadership 2. Outdated ships 3. Wrong equipment 4. Inexperienced troops 5. Nevertheless, Quick victory
Treaty of Paris (1898) The end to the “splendid little war. ” 1. Cuba gains independence… 2. U. S. receives Puerto Rico and Guam… 3. U. S. buys the Philippines… $20 million
Cuba’s Issues • Remained unstable with no clear leader. • Teller Amendment clarified that U. S. would not annex Cuba as a state. • Became a protectorate. • U. S. dictated much of the political decisions. • Unsatisfactory constitution!
Platt Amendment Had the goal of securing both the future of Cuba, and the future of America in Cuba. Had four major stipulations: 1. Cuba could not make compromising treaties. 2. The U. S. could intervene if things got out of control. 3. NO DEBT. 4. The U. S. could buy or lease land for military bases. This made Cuba a Protectorate
Philippines • Not what they had expected, independence. • Resented that the U. S. thought they could be bought. • Declared independence and drafted a constitution. • Philippine – American War Three years $400 million 24, 000 lives 1946 achieve independence
Impact • Expanded trade • Expanded knowledge of people • New global community • Strategic positioning • Panama Canal • International distrust
A World Power Roosevelt takes the bull by the horns • Russo – Japanese War, Roosevelt strikes an agreement that wins him the Nobel Prize. • Talks with Japan • Panama – they won’t grant us the land, what can we do about that? • Roosevelt Corollary – expanding the Monroe Doctrine to an international police power.
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