Objectives Man is one of the species who

Objectives Man is one of the species who inhabit the earth. he is the only one who has interfered with various natural processes for use of both biological & physical resources to meet his multiple demands, man has polluted all the three realms of the earth-lithosphere, hydrosphere & atmosphere. it is essential for us to know about environment & its pollution. In this presentation we will be able to know about- • Environment • Biosphere • Ecosystem model • Atmosphere • Atmospheric pollution • Primary & secondary pollutants • Acid rain • Ozone depletion • Green house effect • Noise pollution

That which surrounds, the total sum of the condition of the surroundings within which an organism, or group, or an object, exists(including the natural as modified by human activity & the artificial).

Atmosphere Sea Biotic Environment Abiotic Environment

• Our current atmosphere is a mixture of many different gases & suspended particles. It is almost same every where up to an altitude of 80 Kms. The atmosphere is divided in to 4 layers. Name of sphere or layer Height Temperatu in Kms. re Important Chemical Species (Gas) Troposphere 0 -8 15 to 45 N 2, O 2, CO 2, H 2 Stratosphere 8 -50 -55 to 05 O 3, O 2 Mesosphere 50 -80 -2 to -90 N 2+O 2 Ionosphere 80400 O 2, O+, NO+ Exosphere 4001600 H 2, He

Constituent Symbol Average concentration Source Volume Nitrogen N 2 780900 Biotic 7. 809× 101 Oxygen O 2 209400 Biotic 2 -094× 101 Argon Ar 9300 Radioactive 9. 3× 10 -1 Carbon dioxide CO 2 318318 Biotic & industrial 3. 18× 10 -2 Neon Ne 18 Internal helium He 5. 2 Radioactive 5. 2× 10 -4 Methane CH 4 1. 3 Biotic 1. 3× 10 -4 Krypton Kr 1. 0 Internal 1. 0× 10 -5 Hydrogen H 2 0. 5 Biotic & photochemical 5. 0× 10 -5 Water H 2 O 0. 25 Physical 2. 5× 10 -5 Carbon monoxide CO 0. 1 Photochemical & industrial 1. 0× 10 -5 Ozone O 3 0. 02 Photochemical 2. 0× 10 -6 Ammonia NH 3 0 -01 Photochemical 1. 0× 10 -6 Nitrogen dioxide NO 2 0. 001 Biotic & industrial 1. 0× 10 -7 Sulpher dioxide SO 2 0. 002 Photochemical 2. 0× 10 -8

Different Pollutants 1. Gaseous waste: Oxides of nitrogen, SO 2, CO. Cl, Br, I, O 3 & smog. 2. Complex organic chemicals: Benzene, ether. 3. Acid prop lets: H 2 SO 4, HNO 3 4. Agrochemicals: fertilizers, pesticides, herbicixles, fungicides, rematicides, weedicides, bectrecides etc. 5. Fluorides 6. Metals: Mercury, lead, Cd, Zn, Fe, Ni etc. 7. Solid wasre: Garbage, plastic etc. 8. Radioactive waste: Nuclear reacters, uranium, nuclear explosion. 9. Noise waste

Environmental challenges • Green house effect: Increasing global temperature. Scientists predicting that earth's temperature will increase by 3 -40 C by year 2030 if the pollution continues to increase at the same pace. • Ozone depletion: As ozone layer in the upper atmosphere absorbs incoming harmful ultraviolet radiation but it is now getting thinner & more UVs are reaching in to earth creating different disease like cancer& eye problems. • Photochemical smog: In 1952 London was covered by smog for 10 days. This smog was caused by fog, smoke, ash, & SO 2 plus NO 2. Sunlight played a great role in the formation of this smog. Though deaths occurring at that time were not directly attributed to the smog later statistics confirmed that 6, 000 more people. Acid rain: is caused by oxides of nitrogen & sulphur. It increases acidity of soil & effects the growth of trees & plants. The majestic monument Taj Mahal in India is also affecting by this.

Solar Radiation + H 2 SO 4 (Sulphuric Acid) HNO 3 water Acid) (Nitric Rain SO 2 & NOX Factories, Transportation Sea SEA Lake

Noise pollution This era has rightly been called as the era of noise. because heavy industrialization we are exposed to a high level of noise all around us. Noise has become a very important stress factor in modern life. it leads many health hazards. Some of the sources of noise pollution are aircraft, automobiles, factories, loudspeakers& pop& Rock -n-Roll music in clubs. Noise produces following health problems 1)Auditory fatigue 2)Deafness or impaired vision 3)Rise in blood pressure, pulse rate 4)Headache 5)Nausea 6)Disturbed sleep 7)Emotional disturbances

Very High above than High Approximate 80 db 100 db Jet take off Loudspeaker Space vehicle launch Heavy Traffic Loud Conversation Sports car Pleasant below than 80 d. B Quit Conversation Ticking Clock Quit Raining

Noise Source Noise Scale Breathing 10 db Traffic noise 60 -90 db Winds in trees 20 db Sports car 80 -90 db Quit conversation 20 -30 db Heavy truck 90 -100 db Ticking clock 10 db Motor cycle 105 db House in quiet street 35 db Thunder storm 110 db Radio music 50 -60 db Beat music (Electrically amplified) 120 db Loud conversation 60 db Air craft noise 90 -120 db Office noise 60 db Jet take off 120 db Children play 60 -80 db Jet engine 140 db Lawn mower 60 -80 db Space vehicle launch (From a short distance) 140 -170 db Vacuum cleaner 80 db

Conclusion We know that certain environmental conditions like air, water, & food are essential for man, s survival. apart from their availability their quality & quantity must be assured according to man, s natural & acquired capacity for sustenance progress in industrialization has brought environmental hazards such as air water & noise pollution. These have caused many health problems & diseases. As it has been saidwe do not inherit the environment from our forefathers, we borrow it from future generation. Stockholm conference of 1972 proclaims that: The protection & improvement of human environment is a major issue which affects the well being of people & economic development throughout the world&it is duty of all governments & people to common efforts for the preservation & improvement of environment for the benefit of all people & their prosperity