(O’BRIEN 2008 UMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. H PG 154 -158) Margaret J Meehan MIDDLE ADULTHOOD AGE 40 TO 65
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Hearing loss for high-pitched Margaret J Meehan sounds. Ability to focus declines, near vision declines. Motor functioning decreases. Strength and co-ordination decline. Loss of muscle mass, replaced by fat.
MENOPAUSE The menopause marks the end of the reproductive capacity of the woman as her periods cease. age range for the menopause is between 40 and 60 years of age, though it generally occurs when a women is in her fifties. It is considered the most significant physical change experienced by women in middle adulthood. Margaret J Meehan The
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Schaie’s Stages of Cognitive Development. Responsibility. Individuals use their abilities to solve problems related to their responsibilities for others, for example family members. • Executive. This stage reflects a concern for the welfare of the broader social system. Margaret J Meehan •
STERNBERG’S TRIARCHIC THEORY OF SUCCESSFUL INTELLIGENCE Sternberg 1949 argues that intelligent behaviour derives from a balance between analytical, creative and practical abilities. § Analytical – enable the individual to evaluate, analyse, compare and contrast information. § Creative – generate invention, discovery and other creative endeavours. § Practical – tie everything together by allowing individuals to apply what they have learned in the appropriate setting. Margaret J Meehan §
To Margaret J Meehan be successful in life the individual must make the best use of their analytical, creative and practical strengths, while at the same time compensating for weakness in any of these areas. The central feature of the triachic theory of successful intelligence is adaptability – both within the individual and within the individual’s sociocultural context. (Cianciolo & Strenberg 2004)
SOCIO-EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT Erikson’s Margaret J Meehan Generativity vs. Stagnation Generativity – offering the opportunity to the individual to reach out to and guide others; focus is beyond the self and towards others. Stagnation – negative outcome – occurs when the person places their needs above challenge and sacrifice. They are self indulgent displaying little interest in work productivity or involvement with younger people.
LEVINSON’S MIDDLE ADULTHOOD STAGES Midlife Transition (40 -45) – cross era shift: terminates early adulthood and initiates middle adulthood. Entry Life Structure for Middle Adulthood (4550) – provides an initial basis for life in a new era. Age 50 Transition (50 -55) – opportunity for improving the entry life structure. Culminating Life Structure for Middle Adulthood (55 -60) – the framework in which we conclude this era. Late Adult Transition (60 – 65)- a boundary period between middle and late adulthood, separating and linking the two eras. Margaret J Meehan
FACTORS IN MIDLIFE PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING INCLUDE Good Margaret J Meehan health. Exercise. Sense of control. Positive social relationships. Good marriage.
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20 Middle Adulthood 40 to 60.pptx