Nunavut n This rock statue is called

Nunavut

n This rock statue is called an inuksuk. (in-uk-suk) n Inuit use them as directional markers and landmarks. n “Inuk” means person and “suk” means substitute. n It is meant to symbolize a person pointing travelers in the right direction.

n In 1999 Nunavut becomes Canada’s official 3 rd territory.

Nunavut: Land n n Nunavut means “our land” in Inuktitut. It makes up 21. 3% of Canada’s total area (largest part of Canada) It is an Arctic Archipelago (cluster of islands). Mountainous and rocky The Canadian Archipelago (Arctic Archipelago) is the largest in the world. It accounts for most of Nunavut’s size

n n Some areas are covered by ice sheets 2 km thick. Lots of valleys, frozen lakes, and costal fjords, caused by glaciers. Fjord: A narrow inlet of the sea between cliffs or steep slopes. Nunavut has very rocky, mountainous terrain

The Regions of Nunavut has three major regions: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v 1. Baffin Region n =Mi 0 TACqvc 88 Cities and towns include: a) Iqaluit b) Pond Inlet c) Clyde River d) Eureka e) Alert

Eureka Note: Alert is the most northern settlement in the world. It has only 5 permanent residents. Alert is also used for military and research. Note: Eureka is located on Ellesmere Island is primarily used as a military base and satellite/ radio monitoring Alert

2. Keewatin Region: Cities and Towns Include: a) Chesterfield Inlet b) Repulse Bay c) Rankin Inlet

3. Kitikmeot Region: Include: a) Cambridge Bay b) Bathurst Inlet

n Purple Saxifrage is Nunavut’s official flower. n It is one of the few plants that will grow in the Canadian north. n Source of food (Inuit) n Sweet tasting flower – (Eat it raw or boil it in water - creates a sweet liquid).

Nunavut: Climate n Climate is harsh. n Winters are long and cold (-40°C) with strong winds n Summers are short and cool (+/-10°C). Frost in the summer is not uncommon. n No precipitation (Polar desert).

Vegetation n Very few plants are able to survive (harsh climate). Tundra vegetation consists: n Small bushes n Patches of grass n Mosses n Lichens n Some flowers n NO trees

Population n Total area of 1. 9 million km 2. n Approx. 30 n n 000 inhabitants Iqaluit (capital city) has a little over 6, 200 inhabitants. Over 85% of Nunavut’s population is Inuit. Quebec has an area of 1. 3 million km 2 and has almost 8 million people.

Government n Premier is the Honourable PETER TAPTUNA (since 2013).

n n n Narwhal is a sea animal with a long tusk on it’s face. +/- 4 m-6 m in length Weighs up to 1. 6 tons Live +/- 50 years Source of food (Inuit) Tusks - used to make tools & weapons.

Language and Education TODAY n Inuit kids go to public school. n They speak English or French & Inuktitut (Inuit language). n Also trying to protect their culture (like Qc). PAST n Knowledge was passed down orally from elders to grandchildren; kids did not attend schools

Inuit Clothing n n n Traditional clothing comes from animal skins, intestines or furs. These parts retained heat and were waterproof Getting wet/not wearing proper clothing in the arctic is very dangerous. . . can lead to death.

Shelter and Transportation n n Traditionally, they lived in skin tents or mud houses (summer) and in igloos (winter). Today they live in wooden, permanent houses. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v =u. B 4 JGUzve 6 M

n Different modes of transportation are either traditional or modern. n Modern: snowmobiles, ATV’s and trucks n Traditional: dog-sled, kayak, and umiaq (row boat)

Sources of Food n n Inuit diet is made up of meat and fish & edible plants. Most Inuit will hunt or fish. Food sources: narwhal, polar bear, seal, caribou, musk ox, and whale. This diet gives them lots of energy (very important in the North).

WEAPONS PAST n n n Harpoon – Used it to hunt large animals. 3 main parts: The shaft, head, and rope. Harpoon head stabs animal & rope is used to pull body towards you. TODAY n n High-powered rifles Harpoons

Inuit Diet n Diet consists mostly of meat - provides them with the energy needed to survive in the Arctic. n Edible plants - purple saxifrage

Hunting in Nunavut n n Hunting is the main source of acquiring food in Nunavut. Today the Inuit can buy food in general stores, but most still hunt.

n n Main hunting ground for the Inuit was on pack ice and ice floes. Inuit hunted larger animals (ex: whales and seals) on sea ice.

Inuit hunting weapons: a) Harpoon and spear (larger animals) b) Bow and arrows, clubs, and knives (smaller animals) c) Bolas were used to hunt birds. n A Bola is a small net with bone beads attached to it.

Polar Bear hunting n It is a traditional food source for the Inuit. n Inuit eat its meat and use its skin to make clothing. n Claws and bones are used to make tools & weapons.

In the past: n Used harpoons & bow and arrows to kill polar bears. Today: n Use high powered rifles.

n Today, tourists also hunt Polar bears. n American adventure travelers will pay up to $30, 000 for the chance to kill a polar bear. n Hunters will keep the skin or head as a trophy(rest of body thrown out). n Gov’t of Canada set yearly quotas (how many polar bears allowed to be hunted).

Debate: Polar Bear Hunting n Almost 80% of all Polar Bears killed are in Nunavut. n Each year, the Government of Nunavut sets the quota for the number Polar Bears allowed to be hunted (+/-500) Experts believe Polar Bears will go on the endangered species list for these 2 reasons: a) High hunting quota b) Dying from a lack of food due to global warming n

Seal hunting n n n Seal are killed for their skin, blubber, & meat. The Inuit use seals for food and use their skin and bones to make clothing and tools. The Inuit still use clubs, harpoons, and hakapiks to kill them.

Seals are hunted for 3 reasons: a) Food b) Balancing out its population c) Make products we buy in stores. n n Clothing companies sell seal skin products (Ex: Versace, Gucci, Tommy Hilfiger).

Controversy: Seal Hunting n Sealing is mostly done in the Canadian north. n Canadian Gov’t is criticized for allowing sealing to continue. n It sets yearly quotas (a fixed number ) at approximately 300 000 seals.

n Canada is also criticized by animal rights groups for allowing sealers to use hakapiks to kill seals. n It is considered a brutal method because seals are beaten to death with these weapons.

Canadian Government argues: a) Beating is painless b) Sealing balances out its population in the North c) Sealing is good for our economy ($25 million every year). n

Greenland Facts n 81% of its surface is covered by an ice sheet. n Heavy ice sheet has pushed the surface 300 m below sea level. n World’s largest island n Population: 60 000

What does Greenland & Nunavut have in common? 1. 2. a) b) c) 3. 4. Large native population (Kalaallisut) Both natives groups: Live similar lifestyles rely on hunting & fishing Use sea ice & land glaciers to hunt Both territories have the same climate & vegetation Ice melt due to GLOBAL WARMING.

Global Warming: The Basics n It is a gradual, natural increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere

Greenhouse gases are created by: a) Using large amounts of energy n b) Burning of fossil fuels

n a) b) c) What is speeding up the process of Global Warming? Greenhouse Gases Pollution Deforestation

What are the effects of global warming in Nunavut? 1. 2. 3. 4. Sea ice for hunting is disappearing. Marine mammals and animals that use the ice will disappear. Inuit will loose valuable food sources. Inuit communities will disappear.

Some General effects of Global Warming 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Extreme Weather (Hurricane Sandy) Sea level rise Flooding or Drought Loss of drinkable water Decreased food supplies Loss of many animal species Cost for many products (food, electricity, etc. ) will increase.