Numbers Different word styles exist for writing out numbers depending on the context, e. g. legal, medical, literary, technical. Be sure to check your area’s style manual.
Numbers General Rules o The numbers one through ten are generally written out as words. The shuttle bus can hold nine passengers in three bench seats. o Numbers above ten are written as figures. Their firm employs 57 people in two branch offices. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 2
Numbers Sentence Openers o Numbers that begin sentences are written as words. Four of our new clients report significant losses this year. o Where possible, a sentence beginning with a number involving more than two words should be rewritten. One hundred and sixteen representatives came to the opening session. A total of 116 representatives came to the opening session. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 3
Numbers Sums of Money o Sums of money $1 or greater are expressed as figures. The clerk recorded purchases of $10, $19. 95, and $40. o If a sum is a whole dollar amount, omit the decimal and zeros (even if the amount appears with fractional dollar amounts). Do you have $20 for your part of the restaurant bill of $75. 63? Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 4
Numbers o Sums less than $1 are generally written as figures followed by the word cents. Our printing paper costs 2 cents a sheet. o If sums less than $1 are used in conjunction with sums of $1 or more, use a dollar sign and a decimal for each sum expressed. Petty cash purchases were $1. 19, $5. 56, and $. 42. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 5
Numbers Dates o In dates, numbers that appear after the name of the month are written in cardinal figures (1, 2, 3, etc. ). All grades must be recorded December 21. I called them on June 3, and again on June 7; my last call was made on June 11. o Dates that stand alone or appear before the name of the month are written in ordinal figures (1 st, 2 d, 3 d, etc. ). We sent the first reminder on the 3 rd of May and the second on the 24 th. But in legal documents dates are often spelled out: May twenty-first Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 6
Numbers Clock Time o Figures are used when clock time is expressed with a. m. or p. m. o Omit the colon and zeros when expressing whole hours. The bank opens at 8: 30 a. m. and closes at 6 p. m. o Either figures or words may be used with o’clock. I believe he called at three (or 3) o’clock. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 7
Numbers Addresses o House numbers are expressed as figures except in instances of the expression of the solitary number One. 315 Benton Avenue One Queen Street o Street names that involve the number ten or a lower number are written entirely as words. 114 Fifth Avenue Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 8
Numbers o In street names involving numbers greater than ten, the numeral portion is written as figures. 2094 East 32 Street o If no compass direction separates a house number from a street number, the street number is expressed in ordinal form (-st, -d, -th). 404 42 d Street 11300 79 th Avenue Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 9
Numbers o Telephone and fax numbers are expressed with figures. o Place the area code in parentheses or separate the area code from the rest of the telephone number with a hyphen. You can call me at (320) 555 -3636, Ext. 207. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 10
Check your skill. . . Correct any number errors. 1. 2 of twenty-one committee members arrived late. Two of 21 committee members arrived late. 2. On June 2 nd the sale begins at 7: 00 a. m. On June 2 the sale begins at 7 a. m. 3. With only twenty-five dollars in his pocket, Terry was facing a room bill of $49. 75. With only $25 in his pocket, Terry was facing a room bill of $49. 75. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 11
Check your skill. . . Correct any number errors. 4. The college is located at Two Century Avenue Southeast. The college is located at 2 Century Avenue Southeast. 5. If you pay before the tenth of the month, your airline ticket will cost 440 dollars. If you pay before the 10 th of the month, your airline ticket will cost 440 dollars. 6. Kendra’s change was $. 75. Kendra’s change was 75 cents. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 12
Special Number Guidelines Related Numbers o Related numbers should be expressed as the largest number is expressed. Their department has two secretaries, eight copy-writers, and one manager. Of the 24 pieces of equipment, 3 fax machines and 7 copiers are still under warranty. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 13
Special Number Guidelines Consecutive Numbers o When two numbers appear consecutively and both modify a following noun, express the first number in words and the second in figures. I purchased fifteen 48 -cent Christmas stamps. o If the first number cannot be expressed in one or two words, place it in figures also. The office has ordered 750 12 -page Student Code of Conduct booklets. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 14
Special Number Guidelines Periods of Time o Periods of time that can be expressed in one or two words are usually written in word form. Many financial institutions have failed in the last three years. o Periods of time that cannot be expressed in one or two words are written in figure form. The rainy season went on for 117 straight days. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 15
Special Number Guidelines o Figures may be used to achieve special emphasis in expressing business concepts such as discount rates, interest rates, warranty periods, credit terms, and loan periods. The length of the loan was 120 days. The warranty runs for 90 days. The interest rate remained stable for 78 days. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 16
Special Number Guidelines Ages and Anniversaries o Ages and anniversaries that can be expressed in one or two words are generally written in word form. Michelle’s father is seventy-one years of age, and her brother is fortytwo. o Ages appearing immediately after a name are expressed in number form. Franka Geller, 47, was named the new trustee. o Ages expressed in exact years and months are expressed in number form. Mrs. Javaal’s mother is 80 years and 7 months old. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 17
Special Number Guidelines Conventional Phrases o Numbers used in conventional phrases are expressed as figures. Section 7 -251 Public Law 99 -101 Figure 13 Room 23 page 7 Area Code 519 o In some business documents symbols with number figures are frequently used. 65% 39¢ #9 envelope 2/10 Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 18
Special Number Guidelines o Numbers used with abbreviations are expressed as figures. Serial No. 98731142 Account No. 12 -J Apt. 316 Social Security No. 472 -992 -434 Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 19
Special Number Guidelines Round Numbers o Round numbers (approximations) may be expressed in word or figure form, although figure form is shorter and easier to comprehend. Nearly 80 (or eighty) employees invested in the company ‘s profit-sharing plan. o Round numbers in the millions or billions should be expressed with a combination of figures and words. Over 1 million retail firms and 200, 000 wholesale firms operate in the European Union. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 20
Check your skill. . . Correct any number errors. 1. We got more than fifty reservations before seven a. m. We got more than 50 reservations before 7 a. m. 2. Please order 50 one hundred-watt bulbs. Please order 50 100 -watt bulbs. 3. The show store accepts returns for thirty days. The show store accepts returns for 30 days. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 21
Check your skill. . . Correct any number errors. 4. You will get our next payment within 30 days. You will get our next payment within thirty days. 5. Peter got his B. A. degree when he was 19 years old. Peter got his B. A. degree when he was nineteen years old. 6. Quad Technology reported losses of six million dollars. Quad Technology reported losses of $6 million. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 22
Additional Number Guidelines Weights and Measurements o Express weights and measures with figures. The dining room measures 9 x 12 feet. Did you order 16 - and 20 -pound stationery? o Nouns following weights and measurements should be spelled out. Our new car used 15 litres of gasoline to travel 420 kilometres. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 23
Additional Number Guidelines o On business forms or in statistical presentations, nouns following weights and measurements may be abbreviated. 10’ x 6’ 20 km #10 65 kg Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 32 oz. 17ºC 24
Additional Number Guidelines Simple Fractions o Simple fractions are expressed as words. o If a fraction functions as a noun, no hyphen is used. Nearly three quarters of the members attended the meeting. o If a fraction functions as an adjective, a hyphen separates its parts. Her proposal was adopted by a two-thirds majority. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 25
Additional Number Guidelines Complex Fractions o Complex fractions are written either as figures or as a combination of figures and words. The gauge is accurate to 1 millionth of an inch. Jean’s reaction time was 18/100 of a second. Mixed Fractions o Mixed fractions (whole numbers with fractions) are always expressed by figures. The stock price was quoted at 46 1/8. His slides measured 2 1/4 by 2 1/4. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 26
Additional Number Guidelines Percentages o Percentages are expressed with figures that are followed by the word percent. (separated form per cent is also used) o The percent sign (%) is used only on business forms or in statistical presentations. Interest rates rose from 3 percent to 4. 7 percent. A total of 89 percent of the members voted in favour of the new collective agreement. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 27
Additional Number Guidelines Decimals o Decimals are expressed with figures. The balloon completed its ascent in 23. 8 seconds. o If a decimal does not contain a whole number and does not begin with a zero, a zero should be placed before the decimal. Specifications require a setting of. 005 inch. Less than 0. 5 percent of the ballots were spoiled. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 28
Additional Number Guidelines Ordinals o Ordinal numbers are generally expressed in word form (first, second, third, etc. ). Our competitor ranks fifth in terms of total assets. There is a new Japanese restaurant on Tenth Street. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 29
Additional Number Guidelines o Three exceptions should be noted. 1. Figure form is used for dates appearing before a month or appearing alone. I called your office on the 23 rd. On the 9 th of June, we signed the contract. 2. Figure form is used for street names involving numbers greater than ten. Their law office is located on 12 th Avenue. 3. Figure form is used when the ordinal would require more than two words. A special prize was given to the 100, 000 th visitor. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 30
Compact Chart for Number Expression Use Words For nos. ten and under At sentence beginning For periods of time For ages Use Figures For 11 and above For money For dates For addresses and For fractions For telephone nos. For weights and measurements For percentages and decimals Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 31
Check your skill. . . Correct any number errors. 1. The CD measures five by five inches. The CD measures 5 by 5 inches. 2. Mr. and Mrs. Wall celebrated their 60 th anniversary. Mr. and Mrs. Wall celebrated their sixtieth anniversary. 3. A strike vote needs a 2/3 majority to pass. A strike vote needs a two-thirds majority to pass. 4. At least 70% of the current stock must be replaced. At least 70 percent of the current stock must be replaced. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 32
Quiz Correct any errors in number style. The sentence may already be correct. 1. We have 3 employees who come in at 4: 00 p. m. 2. Over 1, 000 small cars were imported this year from Europe. 321 students signed up for summer school. 4. In these five offices we will need 11 new computers. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 33
1. We have 3 employees who come in at 4: 00 p. m. We have three employees who come in at 4 p. m. 2. Over 1, 000 small cars were imported this year from Europe. Over 1 million small cars were imported this year from Europe. 321 students signed up for summer school. A total of 321 students signed up for summer school. 4. In these five offices we will need 11 new computers. Correct Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 34
Quiz 5. This camera sells for two hundred dollars. 6. They asked for two hundred thousand dollars for three twenty-five second commercials during the Juno Awards. 7. The seminar is scheduled for April seventeenth at two o’clock. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 35
5. This camera sells for two hundred dollars. This camera sells for $200. 6. They asked for two hundred thousand dollars for three twenty-five second commercials during the Juno Awards. They asked for $200, 000 for three 25 -second commercials during the Juno Awards. 7. The seminar is scheduled for April seventeenth at two o’clock. The seminar is scheduled for April 17 at two (or 2) o’clock. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 36
8. The truck required thirty litres of gasoline and two litres of oil. 9. The two bridges carry at least ten thousand cars during peak hours. 10. Their toddler is 1 year and 4 months old. Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 37
8. The truck required thirty litres of gasoline and two litres of oil. The truck required 30 litres of gasoline and 2 litres of oil. 9. The two bridges carry at least ten thousand cars during peak hours. The two bridges carry at least 10, 000 cars during peak hours. 10. Their toddler is 1 year and 4 months old. Correct Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 38
Numbers END Candian Business English, Fifth Edition 39
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