Nuclear Sector Knowledge Management Action Plan for Research

Nuclear Sector Knowledge Management Action Plan for Research & Development Vladivoj REZNIK, Engineering Director November 2009

Preamble Slovenské Elektrárne, a. s. is the leading company in the field of nuclear industry, the only company with nuclear generation in the Slovak Republic. Supporting nuclear research and development activities in the Slovak Republic is a vital activity for maintaining company in a long life condition. 2

Research and Development Center for Nuclear Power in the Slovak Republic To promote R&D activity in the Slovak Below the line: Republic (at universities and in particular R&D companies) Maintain and support nuclear education (widespread problems in the whole world) To solve special problems in nuclear field which are not commercially available for internal purpose of SE, a. s. 3

How to Achieve Improvement in R&D Utilize present Slovakian R&D infrastructure (not necessary to create completely new organization). Create a virtual R&D center based in Slovakia. 4

Potential Partners in “R&D CENTER” Key partners Other potential partners • Ministry of Economy, Ministry of Education, Ministry of regional development • Technical Universities in Žilina, Košice – electrical, machinery, chemistry, civil engineering activities • UJD for special safety tasks • • Slovak Technical University, Bratislava IBOK, a. s. - special welding technology and extra material analysis • 1. Zváračská, a. s. - welding technology • SAV (Slovak Academy of Science) • RELKO Bratislava – different risk assessments • VUJE, a. s. • VUZ, a. s. – welding company • JAVYS, a. s. • VUEZ Levice, a. s. - experienced organization in the field of nuclear • International cooperation on common problems for VVER with CEZ in Czech Republic and MVM in Hungary • VVU ZŤS Košice, a. s. - references to CERN, robotics tools for unmanned operation • DECOM, a. s. – decommissioning activities • Tvel, Rosatom • DEKONTA – decommissioning activities • Other members of ENEL Group with nuclear assets (Cerna Voda in Romania and Endesa in Spain) • UJV ŘEŽ – SE is owner of its shares - 27, 8% • And others 5

Areas of Interest in R&D Field Safety issues: • Severe accident and nuclear safety • Improvement of personnel protection against irradiation • Personnel ageing and future possible impact on nuclear safety LTO, Ageing of metal materials, electrical cables including concrete structures Fuel and waste improvement: • Nuclear fuel long term storage and final disposal • Fuel cycle improvement (safety and new type of fuel) • Nuclear waste management and final disposal Maintenance: • Special tools for maintenance (shortening outages, decreasing irradiation) • Reliability of components and predictive maintenance • Intelligent expert diagnostic systems, new methods and tools for in-service insp. and others: • Special nuclear laboratories • Nuclear power plants decommissioning, robotics for dismantling. • New nuclear sites in the Slovak Republic, New type of reactor. 6

Action Plan Set the targets Establish organization for the centre Cooperation with partners Make a program and select tasks Acquisition financing Operating the centre 12/2009 10/2009 Near future 01/2010

Preconditions and Responsibilities Acquisition of ideas for the “CENTER” Classifying feasibility of ideas Steering committee decision Project management Engineering role: • Cover “Research and Development Center for Nuclear Power” with present number of staff. • Be responsible for collection of R&D ideas, solutions, company agreements and preparing materials for steering committee. • Project management of the selected projects. Procurement role: • Prepare and sign agreement with dedicated organization by Steering committee.

Steering Committee Steering committee responsible for selection of R&D ideas Scientific committee - external senior experts 1. R&D projects just for SE 2. R&D projects for VVER reactors 3. EU projects Director general, AFC, HR, Operation, Nuclear Operation, Engineering, EBO and EMO directors Director general, AFC, HR, Operation, Nuclear Operation, Engineering, Deputies of particular bodies ENEL, SE Endesa, EDF 9

Several Criteria how to Select R&D Projects for Meetings of Steering Committee Inevitability of demand for solution in SE, a. s. Matching with area of Interest Coincidence of Competence of proposals with particular R&D potential organizations partners Proposal Availability for duration of proper of solutions financing source 10

Financing of the CENTER • Financing of R&D project just for SE is possible by internal sources of SE or by internal sources of concerned parties. • There is a legitimate purpose to ask the government for promotion of R&D Nuclear Centre. • Unfortunately, EU grants are not dedicated for SE (not compatible with present rules).

Financing Crucial Issues How much is SE ready to invest in Nuclear R&D ? Collection of some partial departments budgets can be used to start up operation of the CENTER. Can we use ENEL resources? Good knowledge of the ENEL R&D projects is essential. Can we use state support? Needful collaboration with the Slovak Ministries. Can we apply for EU grants? Probably only for unique projects – mainly international. An special institutional framework should be considered as a precondition for grants successful applications (state and EU).

BACK UP

List of potential projects 1/9 1. Long-term operation of nuclear power installations (NPI LTO) over the scope of the designed service life Goal: To prepare program and schedule for the assurance of procedure of execution of NPI LTO at SE a. s. To prepare a method of selection of components and systems, which need to be upgraded or replaced in order to achieve the total expected NPI service life - 60 years. Company: VUJE, STU Bratislava, RELKO, IBOK, SAV Duration: 36 months Costs: 2. 8 mil EUR (EDU - 60 months, Paks – 48 months) 2. Assessment of the risk of terrorist attacks on nuclear power plants with VVER 440 Goal: Different types of terrorist attacks and radiological consequences Company: RELKO Duration: 36 months Costs: 1. 4 mil EUR 3. The influence of the interaction “thermal insulation – coolant“ and chemical effects on the activity of protective emergency sieves Goal: getting under control the designed accidents with various LOCA scenarios, with the emphasis on solving the chemical interaction “coolant – thermal insulation“ and the topicality of the need of acquirement of additional knowledge and background data for the qualification of the existing or design of new installations. Company: VUEZ Duration: 18 months Costs: 0. 4 mil EUR 14

List of potential projects 2/9 4. Experimental specification of coolant temperature differences between the undetectable and detachable part of cold branches of main circulation loops in the primary circuit during unit start-up and during rector nominal power Goal: Increasing accuracy of temperature measurement of water in the reactor Company: VUJE, STU Bratislava, Duration: 18 months Costs: 0. 05 mil EUR 5. Software predicting the states of VVER-440 reactor during short-term planned changes of the way of operation. Goal: To develop software for NPP personnel for fast prediction of reactor states during the campaign on the basis of a 3 D-model of reactor core. Company: VUJE, STU Bratislava Duration: 6 months Costs: 0. 02 mil EUR/unit 6. Improvement of prediction of parameters of VVER-440 unit boron control Goal: To increase the accuracy of calculation of boric acid critical concentration and the length of boron campaign during burn-up of Gd-fuel charges Company: Duration: 6 months Costs: 0. 02 mil EUR 15

List of potential projects 3/9 7. Analysis of the validity of neutron-physical characteristics of VVER-440 reactors in the event of deviation from the assumed end of the previous campaign Goal: Analyses results will be summarized in a conclusion on the admissibility of using the original calculations depending on the deviation from the assumed end of the campaign. Company: VUJE, STU Bratislava, Duration: 6 months Costs: 0. 01 mil EUR 8. Extension of VVER-440 reactor campaigns to 18 months Goal: To analyze the influence of a change of campaign length on the basic technical and economic parameters of nuclear power unit Company: VUJE, STU Bratislava Duration: 9 months Costs: 0. 05 mil EUR 9. The safety of operation of VVER-440 reactors in the event of failure of some safety and control rod assemblies Goal: To analyze the influence of failure of one or more safety and control rod assemblies on the achievement of the required safe inventory of reactor subcriticality Company: VUJE, STU Bratislava Duration: 9 months Costs: 0. 03 mil EUR 16

List of potential projects 4/9 10. Radiation load on the concrete in the biological protection of VVER 440 reactor and in the interim spent fuel storage Goal: To determine the radiation load on concrete for the purpose of ageing Company: VUJE, JAVYS, STU Bratislava Duration: 36 months Costs: 0. 08 mil EUR 11. Continuous non-destructive check of VVER 440 spent fuel coverage. Goal: To design a “Mast Sipping“ system for the continuous non-destructive check of VVER 440 spent fuel coverage. Company: VUJE, STU Bratislava Duration: 36 months Costs: 0. 2 mil EUR 12. Methodology of detection and analysis of periodical and periodically modulated signals for the needs of diagnostics of rotating machines Goal: For the operating diagnostics of the main cooling pump, to design a methodology of detection and analysis of periodical and periodically modulated components through phase synchronization of signals, i. e. without the need of existence of signal Company: VUJE, STU Bratislava Duration: 12 months Costs: 0. 05 mil EUR 17

List of potential projects 5/9 13. Verification of possibilities of the algorithm of signal stationary component suppression for the needs of detection of free parts and changes in diagnostic signals Goal: To suppress the stationary component of diagnostic signals by means of an adaptive prediction filter, for the needs of detection of impulse components of unknown shape and for the detection of property changes in stationary or periodical components of diagnostic signals. Company: VUJE, STU Bratislava Duration: 12 months Costs: 0. 02 mil EUR 14. Detection of impulse components of known shape in noised signals Goal: In diagnostic systems for the detection of free parts, the correct indication of impulse signal from a metallic surge is the condition of successful capture of a free part. In using the monitoring of the exceeding of selected amplitude thresholds or monitoring of the signal rms value, it is conditioned by sufficient intensity or amplitude of impulse leading edge Company: VUJE, STU Bratislava Duration: 10 months Costs: 0. 02 mil EUR 15. Extension of CSLBB systems for V 2 NPP Unit 3&4 with the support of collecting and processing the selected technological parameters Goal: To work out a draft method for the connection of CSLBB systems of EBO V 2 NPP Unit 3&4 to the unit information system. Company: VUJE, STU Bratislava Duration: 12 months Costs: 0. 05 mil EUR 18

List of potential projects 6/9 16. Innovation of systems of the operating diagnostics of SHCČ (main circulation pumps) Goal: Company: VUJE, STU Bratislava Duration: 10 months Costs: 0. 05 mil EUR 17. Equipment for automated testing of surfaces of sealing V-grooves and threaded openings of reactor pressure vessel flange Goal: The development and production of remote controlled manipulator for automated visual inspection of the surface and profilometry of the sealing V-grooves, and testing of threaded openings M 140 x 6 using the method of eddy currents on the reactor pressure vessel flange Company: VUJE, STU Bratislava, 1. zváračská Duration: 12 months Costs: 0. 5 mil EUR 18. Development and production of remote controlled manipulator for automated inspection of the surface and material of PG-440 primary collector from the inside by means of ultrasound. Company: VUJE, STU Bratislava, 1. zváračská Duration: 12 months Costs: 0. 05 mil EUR 0, 6 19

List of potential projects 7/9 19. Equipment for automated tests of heat exchanger tubes at VVER-440 type NPP by means of ET method Goal: Equipment with two probes Company: VUJE, STU Bratislava, 1. zváračská Duration: 12 months Costs: 0. 4 mil EUR 20. Development and production of a manipulator for automated detection of small untightness on heat-exchange tubes of PG-440 by means of bubble and helium method Company: VUJE, STU Bratislava, 1. zváračská Duration: 12 months Costs: 0. 5 mil EUR 21. Development of a modular system of mechanical electric components for the construction of manipulators for applications of UT-tests of NPP components Company: VUJE, STU Bratislava, 1. zváračská Duration: 12 months Costs: 0. 4 mil EUR 22. Development and production of a manipulator for mechanized tests of bolts on the reactor pressure vessel flange of VVER-440 type by means of ET and UT methods Company: VUJE, STU. 1. zváračská Duration 12 months Costs 0. 4 mil EUR 20

List of potential projects 8/9 23. Assessment of external influences of seismic events on nuclear power installations Goal: Development of application methods of seismic qualification of nuclear power installations‘ safety systems, which will solve the effects of induced impact vibrations Company: VUJE, STU Bratislava Duration: 24 months Costs: 0. 35 mil EUR 24. Monitoring of the state of the system of measurement of feedwater flow to SG, after the high-pressure heater and steam from SG. Goal: Development of a new methodology with the objective of fast identification of efficiency degradation Company: VUJE, TU Košice Duration: 12 months Costs: 0. 05 mil EUR/unit 25. To develop and implement the algorithm of incoming anomaly recognition according to the degree of deviation from the normal status of chemical regime Company: VUJE, STU Bratislava Duration: 12 months Costs: 0. 05 mil EUR 21

List of potential projects 9/9 26. Research of new detectors, methods and methodologies of ionizing radiation measurement for application in the nuclear energy industry Goal: Development of detectors more resistant to radiation, calibration methods and methodologies for measuring and evaluating the parameters of nuclear radiation and implementation thereof into practice Company: STU Bratislava, DECOM, DEKONTA, SAV Duration: 48 months Costs: 0. 250 mil EUR Overall (projects 1 to 26): Total sum of all proposal: 7, 77 mil EUR for up to 48 months of duration 22

Example from the USA: R&D into energy in the USA (year 1999 and year 2007) Million 2007 USD USA Federal Energy R&D expenditure R&D Category Million 2007 USD FY 1999 General Science 2007 1968 1942 996 1292 57 28 60 250 270 319 3352 3831 Coal 489 574 Natural Gas and Petroleum Liquids 198 39 740 922 587 867 487 418 2500 2819 5853 6650 General Energy Science Environment, Safety, and Health Other Allocated Basic R&D Fusion Energy Sciences Basic R&D Sub Total Nuclear Power Renewable and Other Electric Technologies Applied R&D End Use Applied R&D Sub Total Notes: 922 mil USD/104 reactors = 6 mil EUR/reactor For Slovak environment virtually: 4 reactors*6 mil EUR = 24 mil EUR http: //www. ne. doe. gov/pdf. Files/NEPerformance. Plan. FY 09. pdf scheme of US DOE support 23