NSERC — Nano IP and the Canadian Perspective

NSERC - Nano. IP and the Canadian Perspective P. Grutter Physics, Mc. Gill University CIAR Nanoelectronics Program Scientific Director, NSERC Nano. IP grutter@physics. mcgill. ca

Science Fiction: 7 of 9 on Star Trek

Field Ion Microscopy of tungsten tip A. Schirmeisen, G. Cross, A. Stalder, U. Durig Imaging at 5. 0 k. V P. Grutter

Field Ion Microscopy of tungsten tip Imaging at 5. 0 k. V Manipulating at 6. 0 k. V

Single atom on tungsten tip Imaged at 2. 1 KV

The Impact of Nano “If I were asked for an area of science and engineering that will most likely produce the breakthroughs of tomorrow, I would point to nanoscale science and engineering. ” (…) “The total societal impact of nanotechnology is expected to be much greater than that of the silicon integrated circuit because it is applicable in many more fields than just electronics. ” Neal Lane, Assistant to former US President Clinton for science and technology

How big is a nanometer?

nm

Definition of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology investigates and applies phenomena, systems and structures where: 1. At least one dimension lc is a few nm 2. The properties are qualitatively different because l < lc Condition 2 distinguishes ‘nano’ from ‘micro’, macromolecular chemistry’ or ‘biology’

Sub-micron is not nano! ‘Nanotechnology on silicon products: Intel leads in production and research’ (Wall Street Journal)

Beware of Power. Point Science or Cartoon Engineering !!!

Where will nano make an impact? • Electronics and photonics – molecular electronics, spintronics – photonics – sensors • Materials – ultra-fine powders, composites – harder, more corrosion resistant, dirt/bacteria repellent – green manufacturing, cost effective • Bio-medical – emerging applications (materials, diagnostics, drug delivery. . . ) – biomedical research tools (labeling, nanotools applied to biomed ) – biotechnology applied to nanoscience & technology

New materials: non-permeable, selfcleaning, anti-septic, . . . Air-D-Fense (In. Mat, New Jersey): nanoclay/butyl thin film 3000 fold decreased permeability Lotus leaf (artificial): nm sized hydrophobic wax size: water rolls (not slides) -> cleans sol-gel based technique -> on market Self-cleaning plastic, textiles: CNT stabilized enzymes in polymer Textiles with ‘Stain Defender’ Ceramic Coatings: (Inframat) No barnacles on ship hulls: reduced drag

Nano materials in labeling Basis: size dependent emission color of Zn. S capped Cd. Se nano particles • High throughput multiplexed assays (‘nano bar code’) • Optical tracking on a cellular level with tagged Cd. Se quantum dots: which gene is active?

Nano in Canada • • No national strategy (yet) National Institute of Nanotechnology (Edmonton): 120 M$ $ 3. 15 B Canadian Foundation of Innovation (10 years) $ 900 M Canadian Research Chairs Nano. Quebec $ 10 M operating (since 2001) CIAR Nanoelectronics program (since 1999) Many universities on a hiring spree (baby boomers retiring) Cost structure relevant! 1 C$ = 2 -3 US$

National Science and Engineering Research Council People: support for more than 9, 000 graduate students Discovery: funding of more than 8, 700 researchers p. a. Innovation: encouraging more than 1, 000 Canadian companies to invest in university research. In 2002 -2003, NSERC will invest $678 million in university-based research and training in all the natural sciences and engineering.

NSERC 2002 Total: $ 10, 433 k

Newfoundland: $ 193 k BC: $ 1, 066 k Sask. : $ 150 k Nova Scotia: $ 244 k Ontario: $ 4, 501 k Alberta: $ 812 k Manitoba: $ 154 k NSERC 2002 Total: $ 10, 433 k New Brunswick: $ 40 k Quebec: $ 3, 211 k PEI: $ 63 k

BC: $ 1, 066 k Ontario: $ 4, 501 k Alberta: $ 812 k Quebec: $ 3, 211 k NSERC 2002 Total: $ 10, 433 k

17 Materials Nano Innovation Platform Submissions by Topic 34 Life Sciences Electronics/Photonics 20 Tools 17 8 9 3 2 38 24 2 2

NSERC funding in 2002

CFI Infrastructure funding Year # of Projects CFI Total 1998 5 0. 7 M$ 1. 8 M$ 1999 4 7. 8 M$ 19. 5 M$ 2000 14 17. 4 M$ 43. 5 M$ 2001 18 4. 7 M$ 11. 8 M$ 2002 20 27. 4 M$ 68. 5 M$ Total: 61 58. 0 M$ 145. 0 M$

Nanotools Facility: 9. 4 M$, part of Nano. Quebec Network

CFI Infrastructure and NSERC operating Year # of projects Accumulated Total NSERC 1998 5 1. 8 M$ 5. 4 M$ 1999 4 21. 3 M$ 7. 2 M$ 2000 14 64. 8 M$ 8. 5 M$ 2001 18 76. 6 M$ 8. 8 M$ 2002 20 145. 1 M$ 10. 4 M$

A few observations • Some world class nano research in Canada • Spread out over 6000 km • Current funding structure does not encourage risk taking • Researchers have grant writing fatigue • No strategic coordination or science policy • Commercialization a problem in Canada

Canada is World Class in Nanoscience Patents as strength indicators:

Canada is World Class in Nanoscience Patents as strength indicators: Marinova and Mc. Aleer, Nanotechnology 14, R 1 -R 7 (2002) TS…Technological Specialization Index PS…Patent Share RAP…Rate of Assignment (=market share) CR…citation rate (=knowledge creation)

NSERC Nano Innovation Platform: “The NSERC Nano Innovation Platform is a multidisciplinary national network of university researchers from many fields of science and engineering created to accelerate and intensify research and education of HQP in nanoscience and nanotechnology in Canada. ”

Organization of Nano IP • Scientific Director (P. Grutter) • Assoc. Scientific Director (M. Roseman) • Advisory Committee (9 members) • Admin. and other support staff • International Panel (6 members) • NSERC Steering Committee

Aim of NSERC Nano IP • Develop and implement a national strategy together with all stake holders • Support a few high risk projects at a high funding level • Facilitate and build local nano communities • Increase NSERC budget with and for nano

The Canadian Nano Vision: answers to the following questions • What is Canada’s position and strength in this field? • By the end of 2003 as a community of stakeholders we will have made some strategic choices both in terms of topics as well as where these efforts should geographically be concentrated. • We will also have a clearer understanding of what the required funding is and what it will be used for.

Summary Nano. IP • Nine high risk = high visibility projects: NSERC is doing something innovative and visionary in Nano • Workshops help build a community with students, researchers across all disciplines and sectors • Strategic coordination of Nano in Canada with all stake holders

Nano: Renaissance Scientists size solid state physics & engineering nm nm biology chemistry now! time

Nano Technology Nanotechnology is at its infancy, still rather quite primitive! some of the issues: • • • Science! Scaling Laws? Statistics? Better function? Throughput? • Cost? • Systems integration? • Environmental impact? • Social acceptance? • Ethics?

Nano. IP Awards: Philosophy • • Excellence, quality, innovation and need for funds. 'The risk taker is the best decision-maker. ’ Being first is important. Is it ‘nano’ or a tool for nanoscience? Minimize overhead/workload on applicant(s). International refereeing committee. For first round no selection based on strategic themes.

Nano. IP Awards: evaluation criteria • • • Is it 'Nano'? Or is it a new tool for nano research? Excellence of proposal. Originality. Track record/potential of applicant(s). Justification of why $100, 000 will make an impact. Reasonable to expect significant progress and impact with overall funding?

CFI Infrastructure and NSERC operating Year # of Projects CFI Total NSERC 1998 5 0. 7 M$ 1. 8 M$ 5. 4 M$ 1999 4 7. 8 M$ 19. 5 M$ 7. 2 M$ 2000 14 17. 4 M$ 43. 5 M$ 8. 5 M$ 2001 18 4. 7 M$ 11. 8 M$ 8. 8 M$ 2002 20 27. 4 M$ 68. 5 M$ 10. 4 M$ Total: 61 58. 0 M$ 145. 0 M$