NPOESS National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Satellite

NPOESS National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Satellite Direct Readout Conference for the Americas John D. Cunningham System Program Director Integrated Program Office 11 December 2002

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM A Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and Combine Environmental Satellite Activities METOP Mission NPOESS Provide a national, operational, polarorbiting remote-sensing capability Achieve National Performance Review (NPR) savings by converging Do. D and NOAA satellite programs 0530 0930 Incorporate new technologies from NASA Specialized Satellites Encourage International Cooperation 1330 Local Equatorial Crossing Time NPOESS Saves $1. 6 B through System Life Cycle compared to NPR target of $1. 3 B NPOESS is Good Government!

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM NPOESS is required to provide an OPERATIONAL remote sensing capability to acquire and receive in real-time at field terminals, and to acquire, store and disseminate to processing centers, GLOBAL and regional environmental imagery and specialized METEOROLOGICAL, CLIMATIC, TERRESTRIAL, OCEANOGRAPHIC and SOLAR-GEOPHYSICAL and other data in support of CIVILIAN and NATIONAL SECURITY missions

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM National Importance • Military Community - Shift tactical and strategic focus from “coping with weather” to anticipating and exploiting atmospheric and space environmental conditions • Civilian Community - Timely, accurate, and cost-effective public warnings and forecasts of severe weather events, reduce the potential loss of human life and property and advance the national economy - Support of general aviation, agriculture, and maritime communities aimed at increasing U. S. productivity - Commitment to support long-term data continuity for environmental monitoring and Global Change assessment NPOESS Goal: Improve the Nation’s Space-Based, Remote Sensing Capabilities for Environmental Monitoring

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM Establishing NPOESS • National Space Council Study - 1992 • National Performance Review (NPR) - September 1993 -Identified Need for Coordinated Effort • OSTP Convergence Implementation Plan submitted to Congress - May 1994 • Presidential Decision Directive/NSTC-2 - May 1994 -Directed Convergence of National Assets • Tri-agency Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) - May 1995 - Established Roles and Responsibilities of Department of Defense, Department of Commerce, and NASA • EUMETSAT/NOAA Initial Joint Polar Agreement - November 1998 - Brought in International Community

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM Two Polar-orbiting Systems DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program) • Currently - F-14 Launched December 1994 - F-15 Launched December 1999 - F-16 Planned for May 2003 POES (Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite) • First Launched April 1, 1960 • Currently - NOAA-15 Launched May 1998 - NOAA-16 Launched Sep 2000 - NOAA-17 Launched Jun 2002

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM DMSP/POES to NPOESS Convergence & Evolution of Mission Areas Do. D/AF Military Do. D/AF DMSP Block 6 -Imaging - μwave Sounding -Space Environment -Under DMSP SPO CONVERGENCE DOC/NOAA Civil Tri-Agency DOC/NOAA POES OPQR -Imaging -Sounding Discontinued -Climate -Ozone -Space Environment -Under POES Prog Office NPOESS –Imaging –Sounding –Climate –Ozone –Space Environment –Under Integrated Program Office

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM Satellite Transition Schedule (DMSP 2 yr launch centers, NPOESS GAP 6 c NLF input) Slopes indicate 10 -90% need CY Local Equatorial Crossing Time 0530 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 F 17 DMSP F 19 F 20 NPOESS C 3 C 6 Wind. Sat/Coriolis 0730 1030 F 15 DMSP POES F 16 F 18 C 1 17 NPOESS C 4 NPOESS METOP EOS-Terra NPP 1330 POES 16 N’ N EOS-Aqua C 2 NPOESS C 5 Earliest Need to back-up launch --------10 Year Mission Life---------- Mission Satisfaction S/C Earliest Availability Deliveries FY 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 As of: 20 Oct 02 Launch date based on backup need Most probable launch date S/C delivery interval driven by 15 month IAT schedule

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM NPOESS Requirements Conv er Alter gence of nativ es • Integrated Operational Requirements Document (IORD-I) - 59 Data Products - 9 Enhancement Products - 1 System Characteristic KPP • Validated by JARC 1996 • IORD-II - 55 Data Products - 21 Enhancement Products - 2 System Characteristic KPPs • Validated by JARC Dec 2001 nce of verge ts Con emen ir Requ Converged requirements provide foundation for combined program First success after eight previous attempts

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM IORD Content Example Sea Surface Temperature (SST) • Sea Surface Temperature is defined as a highly precise measurement of the temperature of the surface layer (upper 1 meter) of ocean water. It has two major applications: 1) sea surface phenomenology, and 2) use in infrared cloud/no cloud decision for processed cloud data. The accompanying requirements apply only under clear conditions (unless specified otherwise).

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM Environmental Data Records By Sensor Atm Vert Moist Profile Atm Vert Temp Profile Imagery Sea Surface Temperature Sea Surface Winds Soil Moisture Aerosol Optical Thickness Aerosol Particle Size Aerosol Refractive Index Albedo (Surface) Auroral Boundary Auroral Energy Deposition Aeroral Imagery Cloud Base Height Cloud Cover/Layers Cloud Effective Part Size Cloud Ice Water Path Cloud Liquid Water Cloud Optical Thickness Cloud Particle Size/Distrib Cloud Top Height Cloud Top Pressure Cloud Top Temperature Down LW Radiance (Sfc) Down SW Radiance (Sfc) Electric Fields Electron Density Profile Energetic Ions Geomagnetic Field Ice Surface Temperature In-situ Plasma Fluctuation In-situ Plasma Temp Ionospheric Scintillation Med Energy Chgd Parts Land Surface Temp Net Heat Flux Net Solar Radiation (TOA) Neutral Density Profile Ocean Color/Chlorophyll Ocean Wave Character Outgoing LW Rad (TOA) O 3 – Total Column Profile Precipitable Water Precipitation Type/Rate Pressure (Surface/Profile) Sea Ice Characterization Sea SFC Height/TOPO Snow Cover/Depth Solar Irradiance Supra-Therm-Aurora Prop Surface Type Surface Wind Stress Suspended Matter Total Water Content Vegatative Index VIIRS CMIS Cr. IS/ATMS OMPS SES GPSOS ERBS TSIS ALT APS LEGEND - KPPs

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM Environmental Data Records By Discipline Atmos Vert Moist Prof Dn Lwave Rad (Sfc) Ozone-Tot Col/Profile Atmos Vert Temp Prof Electric Field Precipitable Water Imagery Electron Density Prof Precip Type / Rate Sea Surf Temp Aero Refractive Index Pressure (Surf/Profile) Sea Surf Winds Geomagnetic Field Sea Ice Age Char Soil Moisture Ice Surface Temp Sea Surface Hgt/Topo Aero Opt Thickness Snow Cover/Depth Aerosol Particle Size Energetic Ions In-situ Plasma Fluct Albedo (Surface) In-situ Plasma Temp ST- Auroral Particles Auroral Boundary Downward Swave Rad Surface Wind Stress Auroral Imagery Med Energy Particles Suspended Matter Cloud Base Height Ionospheric Scint Auroral Energy Depos Cloud Cover/Layers Land Surface Temp Cloud Eff Particle Size Surface Type Cloud Ice Water Path Net Heat Flux Cloud Liquid Water Net Solar Rad (TOA) Cloud Opt Thickness Neutral Density Profile Out Lwave Rad Atmospheric (TOA) Oceanic Terrestrial Space Environment Climate Cloud Top Height Total Water Content Cloud Top Pressure Vegetation Index Cloud Top Temp Ocean Color / Chlor Cloud Part Size / Dist Ocean Wave Char Solar Irradiance LEGEND - KPPs

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM NPOESS Program Vision The IPO and TRW/Raytheon team: Working in a spirit of shared ownership to develop and deploy the single, national, polar-orbiting environmental remote-sensing capability to meet next-generation civil and military needs Breaking the Mold! Thinking “Out of the Box” Working Together Creating Success The only thing they pay us for!

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM NPOESS Payloads NPOESS Instruments METOP 0930 0530 0930 1330 NPP 1030 IPO Developed Visible/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)* X Conical MW Imager/Sounder (CMIS)* X X X (AVHRR) X X Cross-track IR Sounder (Cr. IS)* X X X (IASI/HIRS) X X Ozone Mapper/Profiler Suite (OMPS) X X (GOME) GPS Occultation Sensor (GPSOS) X X (GRAS) Space Environmental Sensor Suite (SESS) X X (SEM) X X (AMSU/MHS) X X Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS) X Leveraged Advanced Technology MW Sounder (ATMS)* X ARGOS-Data Collection System (A-DCS) X Search and Rescue (SARSAT) X Earth Radiation Budget Sensor (ERBS) X X Total Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS) X Radar altimeter (ALT) X Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) * Critical instrument - Failure constitutes need to replace satellite X X

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM NPOESS Segment Architecture GPS Space Segment TDRSS 1330 NPP 1730 2130 Residual Satellites Svalbard ADCS SARSAT Field Terminal Segment Supplied by NOAA CLASS ADS SDS Launch Support Segment Primary T&C NPP SMD WSC LEO&A Backup T&C Supplied by NASA 15 Globally Distributed Receptor Sites FNMOC NAVO AFWA NESDIS Interface Data Processing Segment Data Handling Node MMC at Suitland Front End Flight Operations Team Processor MMC at Schriever Alternate Operations Team C 3 Segment

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM Policy and Planning • NPOESS will deliver data to users world-wide in accordance with US national data policy - Data will be broadcast openly around the world at no cost to receivers - Capability for data encryption/data denial exists for national defense needs - Denial can be done on a world-wide or geographic basis • NPOESS calls the world-wide users “field terminals” (to differentiate from the Weather Centrals)

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM Risk Reduction Wind. Sat • Validate technological approach to remote sensing • Early delivery of NPOESS data to users • Sensor demonstrations on non-operational platforms - Lower risk to operational users - Lower risk of launch delays due to operational schedule • Share cost & risk among agencies NASA ER 2 / NAST Proteus NPP DIDM SOLSE LORE

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM NPOESS Airborne Sounder Testbed [NAST] OBJECTIVES Simulate Candidate Spaceborne Instruments - (Cr. IS, ATMS, IASI) • Evaluate Key EDR Algorithms • Preview High Resolution Products (Spectral & Spatial) • Under Flight Calibration/Validation • INSTRUMENTS [NAST-I & NAST-M] NAST-I: IR Interferometer [FTS] Sounder • NAST-M: Microwave Sounder* • Co-Boresighted IR and Microwave • IR Interferometer [FTS] Sounder 3. 5 – 16 µm - High Spectral Resolution (1000 < du / u < 2000) - High Sensitivity in a cold scene • 0. 10 K NEDT @ 14. 9 µm (250 K) • 0. 15 K NEDT @ 8. 2 µm (250 K) • 0. 20 K NEDT @ 4. 7 µm (250 K) • Microwave Sounder [3 Bands, 16 Channels] 54, 118, 183 GHz NASA ER-2 20 km ALTITUDE NADIR 2. 6 km IFOV ± 23 km GROUND COVERAGE ± 48 o Scan *Hurricane Bonnie Cross-Section

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM Wind. Sat/Coriolis Joint NAVY/IPO/Do. D Risk Reduction Demo Description: Validates concept of passive measurement of Ocean Surface Wind Speed and Direction, using Polarimetric Radiometer and other environmental parameters derived from microwave observations Capability: • Planned launch in December 2002 on Titan II • Measure Ocean Surface Wind Direction (Non. Precipitating Conditions) • 25 km spatial resolution • Secondary Measurements • Sea Surface Temperature, Soil Moisture, Rain Rate, Ice, and Snow Characteristics, Water Vapor Joint Development/Partnership 1. STP [Space Test Program] Office - DOD/USAF 2. MELV [Medium Expendable Launch Vehicle] 3. USN [U. S. Navy] - CNO/N 6, ONR, NRL 4. NPOESS IPO [Integrated Program Office]

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) Joint IPO/NASA Risk Reduction Demo • NPP Spacecraft contract awarded to Ball Aerospace – May 2002 • Instrument Risk Reduction • Early delivery / instrument-level test / system-level integration and test • VIIRS - Vis/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (IPO) • Cr. IS - Cross-track IR Sounder (IPO) • ATMS - Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (NASA) • OMPS – Ozone Mapping/Profiling Suite - Provides lessons learned and allows time for any required modifications before NPOESS first launch • Ground System Risk Reduction - Early delivery/test of a subset of NPOESS-like ground system elements - Early User Evaluation of NPOESS data products - Provides algorithms / instrument verification and opportunities for instrument calibration / validation prior to first NPOESS launch - Allows for algorithm modification prior to first NPOESS launch • Continuity of data for NASA’s EOS Terra/Aqua missions

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM Real-Time Operational Demonstrations Aqua (FY 02) Coriolis (FY 03) CMIS NPP (FY 06) Cr. IS/ATMS & VIIRS METOP (FY 06) IASI/AMSU/MHS & AVHRR AIRS/AMSU/HSB & MODIS NPOESS (FY 09) Cr. IS/ATMS, VIIRS, CMIS, OMPS Use of Advanced Sounder Data for Improved Weather Forecasting/Numerical Weather Prediction NOAA Real-Time Data Delivery Timeline Ground Station Scenario C 3 S IDPS NOAA Real-time User Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation NWS/NCEP ECMWF UKMO FNMOC NWP Forecasts

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM Calibration/Validation To tie it all together and make it work…. Calibration • Absolute Accuracy • Polarization Purity • Geolocation Accuracy • Instrument Stability • Doppler Correction • Antenna Pattern Correction Validation • Ocean Wind Speed • Water Vapor • Cloud Water • Rain Rate • Sea Ice • Soil Moisture • Snow water • Land Temp • Lower Air Profiles • Upper Air Profiles Mission Success Ensures • Meet Specification • Operational production of synoptic maps and profiles of critical atmospheric, oceanographic and land parameters • Quality Control Users • NWP • Real-time tactical • Non-tactical • JTWC • NHC • JIC • Others

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM IDPS Products Environmental Data Records Cloud Top Heights Cloud Layers VIIRS – Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite Total Precipitable Water Surface Temperature Environmental Properties Displayed at VIIRS Pixel Locations

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM Environmental Observing Natural Hazards Detection and Mapping Ozone Monitoring Multi-spectral Hurricane Mapping and Profiling All Weather Imaging Precipitation Measurement Sea Surface Temperature Ocean Circulation Snow and Ice Mapping and Monitoring

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM Protect Safety of Life and Property Improve Accuracy of Severe Weather Warnings Improved Microwave Imagery/Sounding products will improve prediction of wind speed and direction Increase in hurricane landfall forecast skill will save an estimated $1 million per mile of coastline that does not have to be evacuated Improved early warnings mitigate the devastating effects of floods through disaster planning and response

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM Other Benefits to the Civilian Community NPOESS will improve ability to predict El Niño. A 60% increase in El Niño forecast skill will save $183 million per year over 12 year period Ice monitoring for shipping Snow cover mapping spring flood prediction

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM NPOESS Benefits the Nation & World • Accurate forecasts are critical to the protection of life, safety, and property • NPOESS data will improve forecasts and warnings • Improved forecasts will - Reduce loss of life and property - Benefit industry through increased productivity • NPOESS will maintain long-term data continuity for climate monitoring and assessment • Weather permeates all aspects of military operations • NPOESS data will provide situational awareness • Situational Awareness is critical to - Combat Planning Air Superiority Winning the War

NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM Integrated Program Office Points of Contact • Executive Staff - (301) 427 -2070 - System Program Director: Mr. John Cunningham Principal Deputy System Program Director: Col Frank Hinnant Deputy System Program Director: Mr. Carl Hoffman Executive Director: CAPT Dean Smehil, NOAA • Acquisition - (301) 427 -2084 - Associate Director for Acquisition: Lt Col Pete Linnemann • Technology - (301) 427 -2121 - Associate Director for Technology Transition: Mr. Stan Schneider - Chief Scientist : Dr. Stephen A. Mango • Operations - (301) 427 -2088 Associate Director for Operations: Mr. Bruce Needham • NPOESS Websites - http: //www. npoess. noaa. gov - http: //npoesslib. ipo. noaa. gov/ (electronic bulletin board)