November 4, 2009 Man creates giant rubber band ball LAUDERHILL, Fla. (AP) — Look, over there. Under that blue tarp in a suburban driveway. That thing that’s the size of a Smart car? It’s Joel Waul’s rubber band ball. Waul has spent the last six years carefully wrapping and linking and stretching rubber bands of various sizes into the ball shape. The Guinness Book of World Records declared it the world’s largest rubber band ball in 2008. A team from Ripley’s Believe it or Not came to his house with a crane and hauled the 6 -foot, 7 -inch tall, 9, 032 -pound behemoth away on a large, flatbed truck. There have been a few casualties: at 400 pounds, it rolled over his hand sprained it. It busted his big toe. Rubber bands breaking ripped two pairs of cargo pants and broke three pairs of sunglasses. The ball grew and grew. Neighborhood kids climbed on top of it. Dogs sniffed it. X Presentations begin Nov. 9 (Monday) ä Sign up for date by Thursday! • Choose or be chosen for…
Fossil Fuels: Coal X Current usage ä Nonrenewable X More abundant than oil, gas ä 50 X more than oil (US) ä 40 X more than gas http: //www. wsgs. uwyo. edu/WSGSgroups/Coal/Default. aspx WY coal mine
Coal Formation X Source? X Intermediates ä Peat ä Lignite ä Coalification products http: //www. wou. edu/las/physci/GS 361/Fossil%20 fuels/Coal. htm http: //www. learner. org/courses/envsci/visual. php? shortname=coal_formation Increasing rank
Coal Resources X Reserves plentiful X Limitations to use? http: //www. globalresearch. ca/index. php? context=va&aid=5380 http: //tonto. eia. doe. gov/energyexplained/index. cfm? page=coal_reserves http: //earthsci. org/education/teacher/basicgeol/fossil_fuels. html Possible coal production in USA
Making Coal more Versatile X Gasification ä Low energy yield • Uneconomical to transport or convert to CH 4 ä Underground conversion X Liquefaction ä Previously not competitive, but… http: //www. ncpa. org/pub/ba 590/ https: //www. llnl. gov/str/April 07/Friedmann. html http: //www. dkrwaf. com/fw/main/Gasification-and-Liquefaction-320. html
Environmental Impacts of Coal Usage X Production of CO 2 ä Global warming ä Health issues X Production of SO 2 ä Acid rain ä Options • Use of scrubbers • Sulfur removal • Low-sulfur coals X Production of ash ä Toxic metals http: //pubs. usgs. gov/fs/2005/3152/ http: //www. waterencyclopedia. com/A-Bi/Acid-Rain. html
Coal Ash Spill X TVA reported ash spill December 22, 2008 Offering Free Medical Screenings for Residents Who Believe They Have Been Affected by the Fly Ash Spill http: //www. nytimes. com/2008/12/25/us/25 sludge. html
Hazards of Fossil Fuel Use X Coal mining ä Health of workers ä Underground fires • Centralia, PA ä Strip mining and sulfuric acid http: //www. msha. gov/stats/chartshome. htm http: //www. ornl. gov/info/ornlreview/v 33_2_00/research. htm
Hazards of Fossil Fuel Use X Oil spills ä Causes • Drilling accidents • Wars • Tanker spills ä Cleanup Beirut, Lebanon coast August, 2006 http: //www. channel 6. dk/native/uk/page 104. html http: //www. fws. gov/northeast/njfieldoffice/News_Stories/Athos/athos. htm http: //news. bbc. co. uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/06/sci_nat_enl_1155034082/html/1. stm
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