Noun Clauses 1 INTRODUCTION I know where

Noun Clauses

1 INTRODUCTION I know where Sue lives. I know - independent clause or main clause/ where Sue lives – dependent clause His story was interesting. I heard his story. I listened to his story. His story – noun phrase What he said was interesting. I heard what he said. I listened to what he said. What he said – noun clause

2 NOUN CLAUSES BEGINNING WITH A QUESTION WORD QUESTION Where does she live? NOUN CLAUSE I don’t know where she lives. Who lives there? I don’t know who lives there. Whose house is that? I wonder whose house that is. What did she say? What she said surprised me.

EXERCISE 1. Change the question in parentheses to a noun clause. 1. (How do you get to West Egg village? ) Please tell me… 2. (Why did they come east? ) … I don’t know. 3. (Whom did he scarcely know at all? ) I don’t remember… Answers: 1. Please tell me how you get to West Egg village. 2. Why they came east I don’t know. 3. I don’t remember whom he scarcely knew at all.

EXERCISE 2. Make a question from the given sentence. The words in parentheses should be the answer to the question you make. Use a question word (who, what, how, etc. ). Then change the question to a noun clause. Example: Jim Hunter is (his roommate). QUESTION: Who is Jim Hunter? NOUN CLAUSE: Please tell me who Jim Hunter is. 1. His house was Answers: very tip of the egg). (at the 1. QUESTION: Where was his house? QUESTION: NOUN CLAUSE: Please NOUN CLAUSE: Do you know… tell me where his house was. 2. The orchestra left (half an hour ago). QUESTION: 2. QUESTION: When did the orchestra leave? NOUN CLAUSE: Do you know when the orchestra left? NOUN CLAUSE: Do you know…

3 NOUN CLAUSES BEGINNING WITH WHETHER OR IF YES/NO QUESTION I don’t know if/whether he needs help. Does he need help? I wonder whether or not he needs help. I wonder if he needs help or not.

EXERCISE 3. Begin all responses with “I wonder…” using WHETHER (of not) OR IF (or not) 1. She asked about who your child was (boy or girl)? 2. Is there life on other planets? 3. Do we have enough time to go to Florida over vacation? Answers: 1. I wonder whether/if the child was a boy or a girl. 2. I wonder whether (or not)/if there is life on other planets. 3. I wonder if/whether we have enough time to go to Florida over vocation (or not).

4 QUESTION WORDS FOLLOWED BY INFINITIVES I don’t know what I should do. I don’t know what to do. Jim told us where we could find it. Jim told us where to find it. Question words (when, where, how, whom, whose, what, which) and whether may be followed by an infinitive.

EXERCISE 4. Create sentences with the same meaning by using infinitives. Example: He told me when I should come. He told me when to come. 1. Please tell me where I should meet you. 2. The plumber told me how I could fix the leak in the sink. Answers: 1. Please tell me where to meet you. 2. The plumber told me how to fix the leak in the sink.

5 NOUN CLAUSES BEGINNING WITH THAT STATEMENT The world is round. We know (that) the world is round. That the world is round is a fact. It is a fact that the world is round.

EXERCISE 5. That-clauses may follow be + certain adjectives that express feelings or attitude. Complete the following with your own words. Example: I’m sorry (that) I was late for class. • I’m glad (that)… EXERCISE 6. That-clause may follow be directly. Complete the sentences with your own words. Example: He says he is twenty-one, but the truth is that he is only eighteen. • There is a reason why I do not want to go out tonight. The reason is…

EXERCISE 7. That clause is frequently used with the fact. Combine the sentences using “the fact that” to introduce a noun clause. Example: Ann was late. That didn’t surprise me. The fact that Ann was late didn’t surprise me. 1. Gossip had published the banns. That was one of the reason I had come east. 2. He had a mistress. That was insisted upon wherever he was known. Answers: 1. The fact that gossip had published the banns was one of the reasons I had come east. 2. The fact that he had a mistress was insisted upon wherever he was known.

6 QUOTED SPEECH QUOTING ONE SENTENCE She said, “My brother is a student. ” “My brother is a student, ” she said. “My brother, ” she said, “is a student. ” QUOTING MORE THEN ONE SENTENCE “My brother is a student. He is attending a university, ” she said. “My brother is a student, ” she said. “He is attending a university. ” “Let’s leave, ” whispered Dave. Say and ask are the most commonly used quote verbs. Some others: add, agree, announce, answer, begin, comment, complain, confess, continue, explain, inquire, promise, remark, reply, respond, shout, suggest, whisper,

EXERCISE 8. Add the necessary punctuation and capitalization. 1. Now, don’t think my opinion on these matters is final he seemed to say just because I’m stronger and more of a man than you are 2. Gatsby demanded Daisy what Gatsby Answers: 1. “Now, don’t think my opinion on these matters is final, ” he seemed to say, “just because I’m stronger and more of a man than you are. ” 2. “Gatsby? ” demanded Daisy. “What Gatsby? ”

7 REPORTED SPEECH: VERB FORMS IN NOUN CLAUSES QUOTED SPEECH REPOTED SPEECH “I watch TV every day. ” “I am watching TV. ” “I have watched TV. ” “I had watched TV. ” “I will watch TV. ” “I am going to watch TV. ” She said she watched TV every day. She said she was watching TV. She said she had watched TV. She said she would watch TV. She said she was going to watch TV. She said she could watch TV. She said she might watch TV. She said she had to watch TV. “I can watch TV. ” “I may watch TV. ” “I must watch TV. ” “I have to watch TV. ”

“I should watch TV. ” “I ought to watch TV. ” “I might watch TV. ” She said she should watch TV. She said she ought to watch TV. She said she might watch TV. “The world is round. ” She said the world is round. “Watch TV. ” She told me to watch TV. Immediate reporting: -What did the teacher just say? I didn’t hear him. - He said he wants us to read Chapter 6. Later reporting: -I didn’t go to class yesterday. Did Mr. Jones make any assignments? -Yes. He said he wants to read Chapter 6.

EXERCISE 9. Complete the sentences by reporting the speaker’s words in noun clause. Example: Pedro said, “I will help you. ” Pedro said (that) he would help me. 1. She said, “We ought to plan something. ” 2. “Never heard of them, ” he remarked decisively. 3. “Don’t look at me, ” Daisy retorted. Answers: 1. She said (that) they ought to plan something. 2. He remarked (that) he had never heard of them. 3. She told me not to look at her.

8 USING –EVER WORDS whoever Whoever wants to come is welcome. who(m)ever He makes friends easily with who(m)ever he meets. whatever He always says whatever comes into his mind. whichever We can watch whichever program you prefer. whenever You may leave whenever you wish. wherever She can go wherever she wants to go. however The students may dress however they please.

EXERCISE 10. Complete the following by using –ever words. Example: Donny is free to go anyplace he wishes. He can go wherever he wants. 1. All the time when there was a pause in the song she filled it with gasping broken sobs and then took up the lyric again in a quavering soprano. 2. Every time he sees I’m having a good time he wants to go home. Answers: 1. Whenever there was a pause in the song she filled it with gasping broken sobs and them took up the lyric again in a quavering soprano. 2. Whenever he sees I’m having a good time he wants to go home.

9 USING THE SUBJUNCTIVE IN NOUN CLAUSES The teacher demands that we be on time. I insisted that he pay me the money. I recommended that she not go to the concert. It is important that they be told the truth. I suggested that she see a doctor. I suggested that she should see a doctor. COMMON VERBS AND EXPRESSIONS FOLLOWED BY THE SUBJUCTIVE IN A NOUN CLAUSE advise (that) request (that) it is vital (that) ask (that) suggest (that) demand (that) it is essential (that) insist (that) it is imperative (that) propose (that) it is critical (that) recommend (that) it is necessary (that)

EXERCISE 11. Complete the sentences. There can be more than one possible completion. Example: Mr. Adams insists that we be careful in our writing. 1. She demanded that I … her the truth. 2. He insisted that we … inside. Answers: 1. She demanded that I tell her the truth. 2. He insisted that we go inside.

I hope it was cognitive. Thanks for your attention!