NLCTA and ESA Next Linear Collider Test Accelerator

NLCTA and ESA (Next Linear Collider Test Accelerator and End Station A) Carsten Hast Test Facilities Department Head SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7 – 9, 2008 SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7 - 9, 2008

ARD Test Facilities Department * After this winter’s financial turmoil and reorganization ARD founded a new Test Facilities Department – Helps to develop and test near-term solutions for accelerator systems including RF structures and power sources as well as beam optical, diagnostic and collimation systems. – Operates and supports the large test facilities at SLAC • • • NLCTA in ESB L-Band X-Band RF test facilities in ESB End Station A FACET (2009) Hardware and personnel contributions to ATF/ATF 2 program at KEK Support for LCLS hard- and software development * Personnel (2008) – Five engineering physicists, two technicians SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7 - 9, 2008 2

ESB & NLCTA ESA

SLAC Research Yard (RY) SA E LCLS BSY ESB NLCTA SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7 - 9, 2008 4

End Stations A and B * Both End Stations are very large and versatile concrete structures with excellent infrastructure: – – – 3 -15 MW of electrical power available Abundance of cooling water Tunnels for cable ways and other utilities 50 t crane coverage Walls are designed as radiation shields removable * ESA: 62 m x 35 m x 20 m * ESB: 50 m x 25 m x 15 m SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7 - 9, 2008 5

End Station B (ESB) * NLCTA Next Linear Collider Test Accelerator – small X-Band test accelerator (11 m) – achieved peak energy of 350 Me. V – Shielding designed for 1. 2 Ge. V * E-163 Laser Acceleration – Using 60 Me. V NLCTA beam into the experimental hall – Class 4 laser room * L-Band SNS modulator for RF tests of couplers, RF distribution systems outside of beam enclosure and cavities inside of NLCTA * 4 X-Band RF structures for equipment testing – 3 with 300 MW power – 1 with 150 MW power * Building new L-Band test stand with Marx-modulator and klystron for life testing of both (operational this fall) SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7 - 9, 2008 6

SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7 - 9, 2008 7

NLCTA Infrastructure SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7 - 9, 2008 8

NLCTA Beam Parameters * E-163: Ultralow Energy Spread Probe 5 p. C, 60 Me. V, x-y emittance 2. 5 m x 2. 5 m, 1 ps bunch length 0. 03% energy spread, 1 A peak current * Nominal High Energy Beams 0. 25 n. C, 350 Me. V, 2 p x 1. 8 ps x 0. 8%, 56 A 1. 00 n. C, 350 Me. V, 4. 3 p x 4. 2 p x 1. 5 ps x 0. 6%, 267 A, (Laser upgrade) (Range: 0 -0. 25 n. C, 5 -350 Me. V; focused density: 105 J/cm 2, peak density: 9. 8 x 1015/cm 3) * High Current Driver (Assumes laser upgrade and added pulse compressor) 1 n. C, 350 Me. V, 17 p x 4 p x 1. 8 ps x 0. 65% (3. 2 k. A spike, long tail) * High Current Driver and Low Energy Witness (assumes major beam line upgrades to NLCTA) 0. 9 n. C, 350 Me. V driver –and– 0. 1 n. C, 60 Me. V witness with continuously variable timing SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7 - 9, 2008 9

NLCTA Future Program * Near Term (1 -2 years) – Run E-163 and follow up experiments – L-Band X-Band RF structure and pulse compression tests * Longer Term – Upgrade experimental hall (currently E-163) for higher energy – L-Band X-Band RF structure and pulse compression tests – Currently in the planning stage for what could be done with the various possible beams of NLCTA SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7 - 9, 2008 10

Future Program Ideas for NLCTA SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7 - 9, 2008 11

NLCTA Maintenance and Upgrades Need to guarantee an efficient operation for the next five years and beyond * 2008 – – – * 2009 – – – – * 1 EOICs ($200 k), ½ technician ($80 k) and management/installation/safety ($125 k) M&S maintenance, consumables ($100 k) Maintenance/Repair labor ($150 k) 1. 5 EOICs ($300 k), ½ technician ($80 k) and management/safety ($125 k) M&S maintenance, consumables ($100 k) Modernize the control system for modulators and make it compatible with other installations • New PLCs ($40 k) and new software controls ($75 k) Maintenance and upgrades of modulators • Redesign grounding ($10 k) and redesign tuning straps ($20 k) • Spare capacitors and miscellaneous other equipment (M&S) ($50 k) • Increase maintenance efforts (Labor ) ($250 k) Start rewrite of complete NLCTA control system from SCP to EPICS (SCP is phased out very soon) ($300 k) Buy necessary hardware for new EPICS control system ($75 k) New power supply for station 0 (increased operational efficiency) (M&S $50 k, labor $30 k) 2010 – – Continued operation: 1. 5 EOIC ($300 k), ½ technician ($80 k) and management/safety ($125 k), Maintenance/Repair (M&S $100 k, Labor $250 k) Continue EPICS upgrade for NLCTA control system ($300) Build spare modulator and klystron ($300 k) SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7 - 9, 2008 12

End Station A (ESA) * Old work horse for deep inelastic scattering experiments * Successfully used during the past years for various test beams – simple radiation experiments to verify simulation codes – mini-Antarctica for calibrating ANITA, a balloon experiment looking for ultra high energy (UHE) neutrinos – ILC and Super-B detector development – ILC machine detector interface Wakefield box Wire Scanners “IP BPMs” T-488 rf BPMs 18 feet T-487: long. bunch profile SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7 - 9, 2008 Ceramic gap for EMI studies Dipoles + Wiggler 13

Future Activities in ESA 2º X-ray mirrors ESA (62 m long) photon diagnostics spont. undulator e- dump ediagnostics Be Target Hadron beamline SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7 - 9, 2008 e- e- beam test area 14

ESA: LCLS-Undulator 2 and Test Beams * A ~10 Ge. V undulator solution fits as an x-ray source and provides the opportunity for HEP Test Beams * Test beam program will use primary and secondary beams much in the same fashion and for similar purposes as in the past years – Primary beam • Beam instrumentation and accelerator physics studies, e. g. ILC • Particle astrophysics detectors and techniques • Materials damage studies with thin and thick targets, with a range of bunch lengths • Radiation exposure and beam dump tests: Activation, residual dose rates and materials damage – Secondary beam (single electrons and hadrons) • Detector R&D for HEP detectors like Super-B, LHC-detector upgrade, ILCSi. D development SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7 - 9, 2008 15

Phased approach to Future ESA Test Beams * LCLS-U 2 might start 2014 * Phase 1: 2009(? )-2012 – Modernize the ESA PPS system design and implementation would probably cost about $500 k, but needs additional study – Need upgraded kickers – Would seek agreement from SLAC management and BES for a defined fraction of LCLS beam pulses, e. g. , 1% of 120 Hz – Possibility of beam halo in the linac as a completely parasitic source for secondary beam * Phase 2: 2014 onwards? – 100% of spent beam will be available for test beams * Linac task force working towards recommendation for a coordinated development plan, with the aim that this will be adopted by SLAC management SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7 - 9, 2008 16

Conclusions NLCTA is a vibrant facility – Serves E-163 and many RF system test programs – Well integrated in the operation of the other programs in ESB – Necessary maintenance and upgrades haven’t been performed in the past years, which are now requested for FY 2009 and beyond – Resources need to be committed to facilitate the move from SCP to EPICS based control system – NLCTA wants to expand its user base provided sufficient support is made available ESA – Had a very successful Test Beam Program in the past years for ILC MDI, various detector component studies, and other experiments – Currently no beam operation, pending PPS modernization – With the LCLS-U 2 100% of spent beam would be available for Test Beams SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7 - 9, 2008 17

ESA Additional

Beam parameters: ESA-TB vs. Linear Colliders Parameter ILC (cold) X-band (warm) CLIC (warm) LCLS 2 / ESA-TB 5 Hz 120 Hz 100 Hz 60 Hz Energy 250 Ge. V 14 Ge. V Bunch Charge 2. 0 x 1010 0. 75 x 1010 0. 37 x 1010 (0. 2 – 1. 0) x 1010 gex, gey (mm) 10, 0. 04 3. 6, 0. 04 0. 7, 0. 02 2, 2 rms Bunch Length 300 mm 110 mm 30 mm 10 -300 mm rms Energy Spread 0. 1% 0. 2% 0. 35% (0. 02 – 0. 2)% Bunches/Train 2670 192 312 1 Bunch spacing 300 ns 2. 8 ns 0. 5 ns - 1 ms 300 ns 150 ns - Repetition Rate Train length SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7 - 9, 2008 19

Test beam capabilities with LCLS-U 2 in ESA Parameter Desired Parameter Capability LCLS 2 in ESA (0. 1– 100) Ge. V (0. 1– 14) Ge. V e, (0. 1– 8) Ge. V p Charge per bunch 0. 2– 105 0. 2– 1010 e, (0. 1– 10) p, ~0. 1 K and p Particle type e, p, K, p 10 Hz or higher 60 Hz Needed for time-of-flight measurements and TOF R&D Yes Spill length/pulse Single RF bucket ideal; pseudo-ILC train useful for ILC electronics power pulsing Single RF bucket Multiple particles/rf bucket possible? Useful for some linearity tests; useful for vertex detector track confusion studies Yes, with electrons or mix of electrons and pions <1 cm; <1 mm useful 5 mm ok; reduced rate at 1 mm Momentum analysis? Yes (1%); for some tests to 0. 1% Yes (1%) x, y, z space available 1– 4 m, 1– 3 m 5 m, 15 m Energy Bunch repetition rate (Hz) Precise beam trigger rms x, y spot size Instrumentation Crane Trigger counters; Halo veto counters; High resolution beam hodoscope; Particle ID (Cherenkov, TOF, shower counter); Small, high field solenoid; sturdy support table with remote movers (0 -10) tons Good capability for providing these 15 - and 50 -ton cranes available ESA satisfies many desired capabilities for a test beam facility SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7 - 9, 2008 20 ESA strength