Niven coverage of Clinton and Bush Need

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Niven, coverage of Clinton and Bush • Need a “meaningful baseline” from which to compare coverage and assess bias • Issue covered • Findings?

Schiffer – Affordable Care Act (2009 -2010) Looked at network news Biases found? ?

Bias toward administration sources Sources used: Obama admin Senate Ds House Ds Senate Rs House Rs Total Lib: Con = 1500: 500, Without Obama admin, Lib: Con = 600: 500

Also looked at coverage of Social Security Reform (2005) Why examine this? What was his hypothesis? What did he find?

Bias toward administration sources Bush admin Senate Ds Senate Rs House Ds Total Con: Lib = 3: 1, Without Administration Con: Lib = roughly equal

Other biases found?

Not a lot of experts used as sources (only 6% of all sources) Citizens quoted (17% of all sources) = “Personalization bias” Bias against substantive coverage (what would proposals actually DO? ): instead 44% of coverage focused on politics/strategy of the proposals ACA opponents seemed to win “framing/messaging” war Terms they liked such as “death panels, ” “rationing” appeared more than concepts promoted by supporters of the ACA (such as “greedy insurance companies”)

Implications of the biases he found? What difference does it make if coverage showed a bias toward admin sources, bias against experts, personalization bias, and bias against substantive coverage?

Media coverage of the President • Gets the most coverage of any national public official • “Adversarial relationship” • President needs the press to “go public” and gain support for his initiatives, get his message across

History of Presidential-press relations • Teddy Roosevelt – builds press room in White House 1902, begins daily press briefings • Hoover 1929 – first one to have a “press secretary” even though term wasn’t used officially until 1933 • Truman 1947 – first to use TV to broadcast State of the Union

Ways the Prez communicates with the public • Formal speeches • Non-traditional venues (Jon Stewart, Letterman) • Press releases • Press briefings/news conferences • “Off the record” conversations

White House communications operation • White House Press Office (created by FDR, under direction of press secretary • White House Office of Communications (created by Nixon 1969) – coordinates flow of news from executive branch, aims to create “unified” message coming from exec branch • Office of Media Liaosn • Speechwriting Office, News Analysis Office, • Office of Foreign Affairs, Office of Congressional Relations…. . Coalition Info Center (Bush 2012)

How does media cover Prez? • Focus on scandal and conflict • Negativity • Superficiality –”shrinking soundbite” and growing media commentary

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