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Nickels Cover Mc. Hugh 1 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Nickels Cover Mc. Hugh 1 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

3 Chapter Competing in Global Markets 3 -2 2 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e 3 Chapter Competing in Global Markets 3 -2 2 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Growing World Population In Billions Source: Population Reference Bureau Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e Growing World Population In Billions Source: Population Reference Bureau Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e 3 © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Company % of Earnings From Outside U. S. Source: Investment Advisor, August 2000 Advisor, Company % of Earnings From Outside U. S. Source: Investment Advisor, August 2000 Advisor, Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e 4 © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Leading Goods Exporters/Importers (2001) Country United States Germany Japan France United Kingdom World Total Leading Goods Exporters/Importers (2001) Country United States Germany Japan France United Kingdom World Total In Billion $ Exports 731 571 404 322 273 6, 155 Imports 1, 180 493 350 326 332 6, 441 5 Source: World Trade Organization Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Leading Services Exporters/Importers (2001) Country United States Germany Japan France United Kingdom World Total Leading Services Exporters/Importers (2001) Country United States Germany Japan France United Kingdom World Total In Billion $ Exports Imports 263 188 80 133 64 107 80 62 108 92 1, 460 1, 445 6 Source: World Trade Organization Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Why Trade With Other Nations? ØNo nation can produce all its needs ØMutually beneficial Why Trade With Other Nations? ØNo nation can produce all its needs ØMutually beneficial exchange ØNatural Resources or Technology- Produce or Buy? 7 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

U. S. Trading Partners Region Exports Asia 26. 5% West. Europe 24. 0 North U. S. Trading Partners Region Exports Asia 26. 5% West. Europe 24. 0 North America 22. 5 Latin America 21. 8 Middle East 2. 7 Africa 1. 7 C. /E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS 0. 9 Total 100% Imports 36. 3% 20. 8 18. 7 17. 3 3. 3 2. 3 1. 3 100% Source: World Trade Organization, 2001 8 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Theories of Advantage Comparative U. S. China U. S. Output per Unit of Input Theories of Advantage Comparative U. S. China U. S. Output per Unit of Input Software Clothing 9 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Global Competitiveness Country Strengths United States Technology, R & D Spending Finland Univ. Enrollment, Global Competitiveness Country Strengths United States Technology, R & D Spending Finland Univ. Enrollment, Efficient Legal System, Business Ethics Taiwan Cell-phone Ownership, Tech. Innovation, Local Firms Competitiveness Singapore Savings Rate, Math/Science Education, Political Trust Sweden H. S. Enrollment, Press Freedom, Phone Access 10 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Theories of Advantage Absolute = Virtual Monopoly South Africa Output per Unit of Input Theories of Advantage Absolute = Virtual Monopoly South Africa Output per Unit of Input The Rest of the World Diamond Production Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e 11 © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Global Trade • Goods & Services ØImporting ØExporting Measuring Trade Ø Balance of Trade/Payments Global Trade • Goods & Services ØImporting ØExporting Measuring Trade Ø Balance of Trade/Payments ØTrade Deficit 12 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Mc. Donald’s International Menu Philippines Germany Switzerland Malaysia Netherlands Greece Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, Mc. Donald’s International Menu Philippines Germany Switzerland Malaysia Netherlands Greece Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e Mc. Spaghetti Mc. Beer Vegi Mac Sugar Cane Juice Cappuccino Donuts Shrimp, Veggie Burgers, & Spring Rolls (sold during Lent) 13 © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Daily Coffee Consumption per Capita Source: Business 2. 0. July 2002. 14 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Daily Coffee Consumption per Capita Source: Business 2. 0. July 2002. 14 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Starbucks Around the World Locations International Locations Source: Business 2. 0, July 2002. 15 Starbucks Around the World Locations International Locations Source: Business 2. 0, July 2002. 15 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

U. S. Trade in Goods & Services ($ Billions) Balance of Trade Source: St. U. S. Trade in Goods & Services ($ Billions) Balance of Trade Source: St. Louis Business Monthly, Oct. 1999 & World Trade Organization 16 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Sources of U. S. Oil Imports In Millions of Barrels Source: USA Today 17 Sources of U. S. Oil Imports In Millions of Barrels Source: USA Today 17 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

U. S. Trade Experience • Balance of Payments • Debtor Nation • Foreign Direct U. S. Trade Experience • Balance of Payments • Debtor Nation • Foreign Direct Investment • Dumping 18 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Sources of Foreign Direct Investments In the U. S. Source: U. S. Commerce Dept. Sources of Foreign Direct Investments In the U. S. Source: U. S. Commerce Dept. 19 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Strategies for Reaching Global Markets ý Licensing ý Joint Ventures ý Exporting ý Strategic Strategies for Reaching Global Markets ý Licensing ý Joint Ventures ý Exporting ý Strategic Alliances ý Subsidiaries-MNCs ý Franchising ý Foreign Direct ý Contract Manufacturing Investment 20 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

World’s Largest MNCs- 2002 Revenue ($Billions) 1) Wal-Mart Stores 217 2) Exxon Mobil 213 World’s Largest MNCs- 2002 Revenue ($Billions) 1) Wal-Mart Stores 217 2) Exxon Mobil 213 3) General Motors 175 4) BP 174 5) Ford Motor 162 6) Daimler Chrysler 136 7) Royal Dutch/Shell Group 135 8) General Electric 125 9) Toyota Motor 121 10)Mitsubishi 112 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e 21 © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Forces Affecting Trading in Global Markets üSocio-cultural üEconomic & Financial üLegal & Regulatory üPhysical Forces Affecting Trading in Global Markets üSocio-cultural üEconomic & Financial üLegal & Regulatory üPhysical & Environmental üTrade Protectionism üGlobal E-Commerce-Future 22 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Days of Annual Vacation Source: AAA World 23 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © Days of Annual Vacation Source: AAA World 23 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Cultural Differences in Global Markets þ Language þAesthetics þ Religion þMaterialism þ Values & Cultural Differences in Global Markets þ Language þAesthetics þ Religion þMaterialism þ Values & Attitudes 24 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Did You Know? s. In Turkey it’s rude to cross your arms while you Did You Know? s. In Turkey it’s rude to cross your arms while you are facing someone. s. In the Arab world the left hand is considered unclean; don’t eat with it! s. In India never pat someone’s head, it’s the seat of the soul. s. The Chinese associate gifts such as straw sandals, clocks and handkerchiefs with funerals. 25 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

nd Most Valuable What’s the 2 Global Business Language? Source: Accountemps Poll 26 Mc. nd Most Valuable What’s the 2 Global Business Language? Source: Accountemps Poll 26 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Favorite Campbell Soups Around the World äBritain - Tomato äJapan - Corn äSouth America Favorite Campbell Soups Around the World äBritain - Tomato äJapan - Corn äSouth America - äHong Kong - Watercress & Duck Gizzard äUnited States - Chicken Noodle, Cream of Mushroom Cream of Asparagus äAustralia- Cream of Pumpkin 27 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Nations That Have Not Converted to the Metric System United States Brunei Yemen Liberia Nations That Have Not Converted to the Metric System United States Brunei Yemen Liberia Myanmar (Burma) 28 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Economic & Financial Forces v. No Worldwide Currency v. Currency Fluctuations v. Floating Exchange Economic & Financial Forces v. No Worldwide Currency v. Currency Fluctuations v. Floating Exchange Rates v. Bartering/Countertrading 29 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Developing Countries Need Infrastructure ü 1. 2 billion people lack clean drinking water ü Developing Countries Need Infrastructure ü 1. 2 billion people lack clean drinking water ü 2 billion people lack electricity ü 3 billion people lack adequate sanitation Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e 30 © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Legal & Regulatory Forces 1. Inconsistent Laws & Regulations 2. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Legal & Regulatory Forces 1. Inconsistent Laws & Regulations 2. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1978 3. Local Business Contact Required 31 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Protectionism Mercantilism Tariffs Protective Revenue Import Quota Embargo Nontariff Barriers-Keiretsu 32 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Protectionism Mercantilism Tariffs Protective Revenue Import Quota Embargo Nontariff Barriers-Keiretsu 32 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Trade Agreements • General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade (1948) • Uruguay Round of Trade Agreements • General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade (1948) • Uruguay Round of GATT (1986) • Lower Tariffs • Extend Rules • World Trade Organization (1995) • Common Markets • European Union (EU) • Mercosur • North American Free Trade Agreement (1994) 33 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

European Union (EU) 34 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill European Union (EU) 34 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Future Global Trade o People’s Republic of China- Permanent Normal Trade Relations/Rights o Russia Future Global Trade o People’s Republic of China- Permanent Normal Trade Relations/Rights o Russia & Others o Internet o. Technology- Obstacles/Problems 35 Mc. Graw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.