Nick Drewanz Shanthan Garlapati Tracy Teeter PSYCHOPHARMACEUTICALS GROUP

Nick Drewanz Shanthan Garlapati Tracy Teeter PSYCHOPHARMACEUTICALS GROUP 1

GOALS & OBJECTIVES Patent Analysis Assess research & development status of psychopharmaceuticals Influence of people, countries, and companies relating to psychopharmaceutical R & D Growth of psychopharmaceutical sub-fields Identify interesting historical trends

INTRODUCTION Definition a drug having an effect on the mental state of the user Five Major Categories Antipsychotics Antidepressants Mood Stabilizers Stimulants Hypnotics (Anxielytics) Why Psychopharmaceuticals? Recent advances in detecting neural activity

ANTIDEPRESSANTS Psychiatric medicine that is widely used to treat cases of depression, bipolar disorder, or chronic pain Examples Zoloft Lexapro Cymbalta Paxil

ANTIPSYCHOTICS In Greek language means “taking hold of one’s nerves” Used to treat conditions such as schitzophrenia, mania, and delusional disorder Two classifications Typical-Thorazine Atypical-Navane

HYPNOTICS Drugs intended to induce sleep Used to treat insomnia, and in surgical anesthesia Examples Opioids Antihistamines Chloral Hydrate

MOOD STABALIZERS Psychiatric medicine used to treat intense mood swings/personality disorders “Feeling good one minute, and bad the next” Examples: Lithium Carbonate Depakene Depakote Lamictal

STIMULANTS Drugs intended to temporarily increase awareness and alertness Increase activity of the sympathetic nervous system Examples Caffeine Ephedrine Aderall Cocaine

EXTRACTION KEYWORDS • • • Antidepressants Antipsychotics Anxielytics Mood Stabilizers Stimulants

PATENT SOURCE USPTO http: //ai. eller. arizona. edu/hchen/chencourse/USPTO. ppt

Pf In ize c. El r C i. L illy orp Inc. an ora t d W C ion M ar ne er om p r-L ck am & any Co Th be. , r e Up t Co Inc. Am m jo hn pa er ica Co ny C n m Ho iba No p -G vo an m ei e No y Ho Pro gy C r ec du or disk po hs c t-M ts C ra tio o a Br Ho rion rpo n ist ffm R rati ol -M ann ous on s ye rs La R el In Sq c o ui che. Bo bb eh Co Inc. rin Se mp Jo ger a hn In pra ny W gelh cor ye th eim Inc. Am & Gm B Ab er ica bo roth b. H n t Ho t La er, Lt b ec hs ora d. A. t C to r H. H. orp ies Ro or Lu bi nd atio ns be n Co ck m A/ M p er an S y, ck W Pa Inc ye o t te nt rpo h ra Ge se ted Sm lls ith Sa cha Kl in ndo ft z. L Un e C ive orp td. o rs ity rati of on Fl or id a n ls ica eu t ac og e ur Ne rm ha l. P se ou s t-R hs Ho ec GLOBAL ASSIGNEES-TOP 25 100 90 Top 25 Assignees 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

100 90 0 Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals Inc. Pfizer Inc. Neurogen Corporation Eli Lilly and Company Merck & Co. , Inc. Warner-Lambert Company The Upjohn Company Novo Nordisk Ciba-Geigy Corporation American Home Products Corporation Hoechst-Marion Roussel Inc. Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Sepracor Inc. Boehringer Ingelheim Gmb. H John Wyeth & Brother, Ltd. Abbott Laboratories American Hoechst Corporation H. Lundbeck A/S Wyeth A. H. Robins Company, Incorporated Merck Patent Gesellschaft Sandoz Ltd. Smith. Kline Corporation University of Florida Janssen Pharmaceutica Laboratoire L. Lafon ADIR Et Compagnie Alza Corporation Syntex (U. S. A. ) Inc. BASF Aktiengesellschaft E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Compa. . . Elan Pharma International, Inc Glaxo Group Mead Johnson & Company The Dow Chemical Company Smith. Kline Beecham Corporation American Cyanamid Company Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ayerst, Mc. Kenna & Harrison Limited E. R. Squibb & Sons, Inc. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Mc. Neilab, Inc. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Acadia Pharmaceuticals Inc. Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Cephalon, Inc. Delalande S. A. Regents of the University of California TOP ASSIGNEES Top 50 Assignees 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

TOP 15 ASSIGNEES WITHOUT US 45 Top 15 Assignees 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 Jo h Bo n W eh ye No rin th vo ge & N r I Br or ng ot dis M el he k er ck H. heim r, L td Pa Lu te nd Gm. nt be b. H Ge ck Ja se A/ ns S l se Sa lsch n Ph nd af La bo arm oz t ra a Lt El BA ADI toir ceu d. an S R e ti Ph F A Et L. L ca Ay ar kti Co af er m en m on st p a , M In ges ag te el nie c. K Ta rn ls ke en at ch da na io a Ch & Gl nal ft em Ha ax , In ica rris o G c l I on rou nd L p us im De trie ited la s, la Lt nd d. e S. A. 0 Rank Assignee 1 Novo Nordisk 2 John Wyeth & Brother, Ltd. 3 Boehringer Ingelheim Gmb. H 4 H. Lundbeck A/S 5 Merck Patent Gesellschaft 6 Sandoz Ltd. 7 Janssen Pharmaceutica 8 Laboratoire L. Lafon 9 ADIR Et Compagnie 10 BASF Aktiengesellschaft 11 Elan Pharma International, Inc 12 Glaxo Group 13 Ayerst, Mc. Kenna & Harrison Limited 14 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. 15 Delalande S. A. CC Patents % DK 42 0. 177966 GB 20 0. 084746 DE 20 0. 084746 DK 18 0. 076271 DE 15 0. 063559 CH 15 0. 063559 BE 14 0. 059322 FR 13 0. 055085 DE 12 0. 050847 IE 12 0. 050847 GB 12 0. 050847 CA 10 0. 042373 JP 10 0. 042373 FR 9 0. 038136

TOP 20 ASSIGNEES WITHOUT US 45 Top 20 Asignees Without US 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 DK DE GB DK CH DE BE FR FR DE GB IE CA JP FR JP CA DE FR DE

0 USSR (former) Slovenia Singapore Norway Iran Iceland Czechoslovakia (former) Cuba Bulgaria Taiwan China Russian Federation Netherlands Antilles Australia Korea (South) India Finland British Virgin Islands Spain Bermuda Israel Hungary Luxembourg Netherlands Ireland Belgium Sweden Italy Switzerland Canada Denmark Japan Germany Great Britain (UK) France United States PATENTS BY COUNTRY Patent by Country 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200

TOP 10 COUNTRIES 1600 Top 10 Countries 1400 1200 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1000 800 600 400 200 n Sw ed e ly Ita tz er la nd a Sw i na d Ca De nm ar k an Ja p Ge rm an y ) Br ita in (U K nc e Fr a ea t Gr Un i te d St at es 0 Country United States France Great Britain Germany Japan Denmark Canada Switzerland Italy Sweden Patents 1516 141 129 111 107 74 34 29 26 25 % 65. 20% 6. 06% 5. 55% 4. 77% 4. 60% 3. 18% 1. 46% 1. 25% 1. 12% 1. 08%

PATENTS BY STATE 450 Patents by State 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 NJ NY CA MA CT MI IN PA DE NC MO FL IL DC OH VA TX UT MD OR MN LA WA GA IA VT AR RI TN WI KY AL CO SC AZ HI KS MS NE NH NM OK

TOP 10 STATES 450 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Top 10 States 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 NJ NY CA MA CT MI IN PA DE NC State NJ NY CA MA CT MI IN PA DE NC # Patents 383 217 148 95 86 70 69 56 42 34 % 0. 252639 0. 14314 0. 097625 0. 062665 0. 056728 0. 046174 0. 045515 0. 036939 0. 027704 0. 022427

70 0 Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals Inc. Pfizer Inc. Eli Lilly and Company The Upjohn Company Merck & Co. , Inc. Ciba-Geigy Corporation Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Sepracor Inc. John Wyeth & Brother, Ltd. Warner-Lambert Company American Hoechst Corporation American Home Products Corporation Neurogen Corporation Wyeth Boehringer Ingelheim Gmb. H Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. A. H. Robins Company, Incorporated Merck Patent Gesellschaft Abbott Laboratories H. Lundbeck A/S Laboratoire L. Lafon Syntex (U. S. A. ) Inc. ADIR Et Compagnie BASF Aktiengesellschaft E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Compa. . . Elan Pharma International, Inc The Dow Chemical Company Janssen Pharmaceutica Hoechst-Marion Roussel Inc. Sandoz Ltd. Ayerst, Mc. Kenna & Harrison Limited Shionogi & Co. , Ltd. Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Acadia Pharmaceuticals Inc. Ayerst Mc. Kenna and Harrison Ltd. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Mead Johnson & Company Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. Alza Corporation Darwin Discovery, Ltd. Delalande S. A. Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Schering Aktiengesellschaft Smith. Kline Beecham Corporation Synthelabo University of Florida Akzona Incorporated Boehringer Ingelheim KG Chiroscience Limited Ethicon, Inc. TOP 50 ASSIGNEES-ANTIDEPRESSANTS Top 50 Assignees- Antidepressants 60 50 40 30 20 10

TOP 10 ASSIGNEES-ANTIDEPRESSANTS 70 Top 10 Assignees-Antidepressants 60 Rank Assignee 50 #Patents % 1 Co ny m Ci pa Br ck ny ist ba& Ge ol Co -M i. , ye gy C In rs or c. po Sq r ui bb atio n Co Jo m hn pa Se W n ye pr W ac y th ar or & ne In r-L Bro c. th am er be , L rt td Co. m pa ny . er hn M jo Up Th e illy i. L El pa nc m r. I an d Co In c. ize s Pf al eu tic 48 13. 99% The Upjohn Company 38 11. 08% Merck & Co. , Inc. 34 9. 91% Ciba-Geigy Corporation 32 9. 33% 7 ac rm ha l. P se ou s t-R hs Eli Lilly and Company Bristol-Myers Squibb Company 22 6. 41% 8 Ho ec 14. 58% 6 0 50 5 10 Pfizer Inc. 4 20 16. 91% 3 30 58 2 40 Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals Inc. Sepracor Inc. 21 6. 12% 9 John Wyeth & Brother, Ltd. 20 5. 83% 10 Warner-Lambert Company 20 5. 83%

60 0 Neurogen Corporation Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals Inc. Warner-Lambert Company Hoechst-Marion Roussel Inc. American Home Products Corporation Eli Lilly and Company Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. The Upjohn Company Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Sepracor Inc. Pfizer Inc. Novo Nordisk American Cyanamid Company Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. H. Lundbeck A/S Merck & Co. , Inc. Mc. Neilab, Inc. Merck Patent Gmb. H The Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical C. . . Acadia Pharmaceuticals Inc. Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Alza Corporation Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Comp. . . Nelson Research & Development Co. Smith. Kline Beecham Corporation State of Oregon, Oregon State Board. . . The General Hospital Corporation Janssen Pharmaceutica Bristol-Myers Company E. R. Squibb & Sons, Inc. Euro-Celtique S. A. ICI Americas Inc. Labaz Laboratorios Del Dr. Esteve, S. A. Noven Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co. , Ltd. AB Ferrosan Alkermes Controlled Therapeutics, Inc. Ciba-Geigy Corporation Endo Laboratories, Inc. Ergo Science Incorporated Hoechst-Marion-Roussel, Inc. Merck Patent Gesellschaft Merck, Sharp & Dohme Ltd. Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Regents of the University of California Rhone-Poulenc Sante Schering Aktiengesellschaft Sibia Neurosciences, Inc. Smith. Kline Corporation TOP 50 ASSIGNEES-ANTIPSYCHOTICS Top 50 Assignees-Antipsychotics 50 40 30 20 10

TOP 10 ASSIGNEES-ANTIPSYCHOTICS 53 24. 65% US Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals Inc. 34 15. 81% US Warner-Lambert Company 31 14. 42% 4 US Hoechst-Marion Roussel Inc. 24 11. 16% 5 US American Home Products Corporation 19 8. 84% 6 US Eli Lilly and Company 12 5. 58% 7 US Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. 11 5. 12% 8 40 30 20 10 ny us se l. I ts nc Co El. i. L rp illy or at Ho an io ffm d n Co an m npa La ny Th Br Ro e ist ch Up ol e -M jo In hn ye c. rs Co Sq m pa ui bb ny Co m pa Se ny pr ac or In c. pa od uc Pr e -M Ho m st ec h er ic an Ho Am n Co ar io be rt am r-L ne W ar Ro m s al eu tic ac rm ha l. P ro ge n Co rp or a tio n In c. 0 se eu Neurogen Corporation US The Upjohn Company 11 5. 12% 9 US Bristol-Myers Squibb Company 10 4. 65% 10 US Sepracor Inc. 4. 65% Rank CC 1 50 ou s t-R US 3 Top 10 Assignees-Antipsychotics Company 2 60 # Patents% 10

20 18 0 American Home Products Corporation Warner-Lambert Company Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals Inc. Elan Pharma International, Inc Merck & Co. , Inc. The Upjohn Company A. H. Robins Company, Incorporated Eli Lilly and Company Lipocine, Inc. Merck Patent Gesellschaft Ciba-Geigy Corporation Pfizer Inc. BASF Aktiengesellschaft Ethicon, Inc. Hercules Incorporated Hoechst-Marion Roussel Inc. Nano Systems LLC Noven Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Novo Nordisk Shionogi & Co. , Ltd. University of Florida University of Southern California Adir et Compagnie Endo Laboratories, Inc. H. Lundbeck A/S Pharmos Corporation Sepracor Inc. John Wyeth & Brother, Ltd. Acusphere, Inc. Alexza Molecular Delivery Corporation American Cyanamid Company Becton, Dickinson and Company Bertek, Inc. Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Dermatrends, Inc. Farrington Pharmaceuticals, LLC Medinox, Inc. Nagle; John S. Neurogen Corporation Pharmindustrie Roehm Gmb. H & Co. KG Sandoz Pharm. Corp. Smith. Kline Beecham Corporation Janssen Pharmaceutica 3 M Innovative Properties Company ACiont Inc. ACRUX DDS Pty. Ltd. Advanced Polymer Systems, Inc. Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Alza Corporation TOP 50 ASSIGNEES-HYPNOTICS Top 50 Assignees-Hypnotics 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2

TOP 10 ASSIGNEES-HYPNOTICS 20 CC Company 18 1 US American Home Products Corp 18 16. 51% 16 2 US Warner-Lambert Company 18 16. 51% 14 3 US Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals 17 15. 60% 12 4 IE Elan Pharma International, Inc 12 11. 01% 5 US Merck & Co. , Inc. 9 8. 26% 6 US The Upjohn Company 9 8. 26% 7 US A. H. Robins Company, Inc 8 7. 34% 8 US Eli Lilly and Company 6 5. 50% 4 9 US Lipocine, Inc. 6 5. 50% 2 10 DE Merck Patent Gesellschaft 6 5. 50% 10 8 6 hs Ho ec an Ho m e Pr od W u ar t-R ne cts C rou ss Lam orp o el El Ph ber rati an o t. C Ph arm om n ar p m ace a ut any In ica te ls rn A. In at c H. io M na. er Ro Th l, ck bi I e ns Up & C nc Co o. jo , m h pa n C Inc ny om. , I pa El i L nco ny illy rp or an at d M Co ed er m ck Pa Lipo pan te cin y nt Ge e, In se c lls. ch af t 0 er ic m Rank Top 10 Assignees-Hypnotics # Patents %

30 0 Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals Inc. American Hoechst Corporation Elan Pharma International, Inc Pfizer Inc. Merck & Co. , Inc. Warner-Lambert Company Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Beckman Instruments, Inc. Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Hercules Incorporated Lipocine, Inc. Nano Systems LLC Ortho-Mc. Neil Pharmaceutical, Inc. University of Florida Medeva Europe, Ltd. Alza Corporation Euro-Celtique S. A. New York University Sepracor Inc. Shionogi & Co. , Ltd. Synthelabo Abbott Laboratories Acusphere, Inc. American Cyanamid Company Beacon Laboratories, Inc. Bertek, Inc. Ciba-Geigy Corporation Dynogen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Farrington Pharmaceuticals, LLC Hoffman-La Roche Inc. Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Labaz Massachusetts Institute of Technology Novo Nordisk Pharmos Corporation Sanofi-Synthelabo The United States of America as repr. . . Transform Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Janssen Pharmaceutica Javitt; Daniel 3 M Innovative Properties Company ACRUX DDS Pty. Ltd. ALEXZA Molecular Delivery Corporatio. . . American Home Products Corporation Anestic Ap. S Antares Pharma IPL AG Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Axrix Laboratories, Inc. BASF Aktiengesellschaft Biovail Corporation TOP 50 ASSIGNEES-MOOD STABALIZERS Top 50 Assignees-Mood Stabalizers 25 20 15 10 5

TOP 10 ASSIGNEES-MOOD STABALIZERS 30 Top 10 Assignees-Mood Stabalizers 25 20 15 10 5 Ho ec hs t-R ou s Am sel er Pha ic rm El an H ac an e o Ph ec utic hs a ar t C ls I m n a In orpo c. te ra rn tio at n io na l, W Pf Inc M ar ne erc izer Al k ex r-La & Inc. za m C Ph ber o. , I n t a B Ta eck rma Com c. ke m c an eu pan da y In tica Ch em stru ls, ica me Inc. nt He l Ind s, In us rc c. ul es trie s, In Lt co rp d. or at ed 0 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 CC US US IE US US US JP US Company Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals American Hoechst Corporation Elan Pharma International, Inc Pfizer Inc. Merck & Co. , Inc. Warner-Lambert Company Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Beckman Instruments, Inc. Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Hercules Incorporated # Patents 24 13 12 12 7 6 5 5 5 4 % 25. 81% 13. 98% 12. 90% 7. 53% 6. 45% 5. 38% 4. 30%

35 0 Novo Nordisk Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals Inc. Pfizer Inc. Merck & Co. , Inc. American Hoechst Corporation Smith. Kline Corporation American Home Products Corporation International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. University of Florida Board of Regents, The University of T. . . Glaxo Group Ciba-Geigy Corporation Micro Flo Company Abbott Laboratories Boehringer Ingelheim Gmb. H Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Laboratoire L. Lafon Smith Kline & French Laboratories Li. . . The General Hospital Corporation The Salk Institute for Biological Studi. . . The United States of America as repr. . . Cephalon, Inc. Euro-Celtique S. A. Ortho-Mc. Neil Pharmaceutical, Inc. Pharmaquest Ltd. Sandoz Ltd. Medeva Europe, Ltd. Celgene Corporation Nestec S. A. Noven Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Rhone-Poulenc Industries Shionogi & Co. , Ltd. Synthelabo The United States of America as repr. . . University of Iowa Research Foundati. . . Warner-Lambert Company Albany Medical College Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Alza Corporation American Cyanamid Company Board of Supervisors of Louisiana St. . . Bunsen Rush laboratories, Inc. Byk Gulden Lomberg Chemische Fabr. . . Charlotte-Mecklenburg Hospital Auth. . . Delalande S. A. Dovetail Technologies, Inc. E. R. Squibb & Sons, Inc. Elan Corporation, PLC Eli Lilly and Company Etablissements Nativelle S. A. TOP 50 ASSIGNEES-STIMULANTS Top 50 Assignees-Stimulants 30 25 20 15 10 5

TOP 10 ASSIGNEES-STIMULANTS 35 Top 10 Assignees-Stimulants 30 25 Rank CC 1 DK 10 2 3 4 5 6 5 7 US 0 8 9 US US 20 Fr ag or a Bo a rd of R In eg en te rn ts , at io na l. F la vo rs & od uc Pr e Ho m tio n ra Th Un nc e es ive Un In rs ive c. ity rs of ity Fl of or id Te a xa s Sy st em tio n or a ts e in Kl ith an er ic Co rp or p t. C hs Sm Ho ec er ic an Co rp or a In. , Co & ck er M tio n c. . nc r. I ize In c. s al eu tic ac Pf Am Am ec hs t-R ou s se l. P ha rm No vo No r di sk 15 Company Novo Nordisk Patent % 31 19. 87% US US US Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals I Pfizer Inc. Merck & Co. , Inc. American Hoechst Corporation Smith. Kline Corporation 24 24 21 13 12 15. 38% 13. 46% 8. 33% 7. 69% American Home Products Corporation 8 5. 13% 8 8 5. 13% 7 4. 49% 10 US International Flavors & Fragrances University of Florida Board of Regents, University of Texas

19 76 19 77 19 78 19 79 19 80 19 81 19 82 19 83 19 84 19 85 19 86 19 87 19 88 19 89 19 90 19 91 19 92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 Axis Title ASSIGNEE YEARLY ANALYSIS 25 15 10 Assignee Analysis 20 Pfizer Neurogen Merk & co Hoechst-rouse pharmacy Eli chilly 5 0

19 76 19 77 19 78 19 79 19 80 19 81 19 82 19 83 19 84 19 85 19 86 19 87 19 88 19 89 19 90 19 91 19 92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 ANTIDEPRESSANTS YEARLY ANALYSIS BY COUNTRY 80 40 30 Antidepressants 70 60 50 USA Germany England Japan France 20 10 0

19 76 19 77 19 78 19 79 19 80 19 81 19 82 19 83 19 84 19 85 19 86 19 87 19 88 19 89 19 90 19 91 19 92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 HYPNOTICS YEARLY ANALYSIS BY COUNTRY 16 8 6 Hypnotics 14 12 10 USA Germany England Japan France 4 2 0

19 76 19 77 19 78 19 79 19 80 19 81 19 82 19 83 19 84 19 85 19 86 19 87 19 88 19 89 19 90 19 91 19 92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 Axis Title STABILIZERS YEARLY ANALYSIS BY COUNTRY 20 12 10 8 Mood stabilizers 18 16 14 USA Germany England Japan 6 France 4 2 0

19 76 19 77 19 78 19 79 19 80 19 81 19 82 19 83 19 84 19 85 19 86 19 87 19 88 19 89 19 90 19 91 19 92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 Axis Title STIMULANTS YEARLY ANALYSIS BY COUNTRY 25 15 10 Stimulants 20 USA Germany England Japan France 5 0

KNOWLEDGE MAPS

CITATATION NETWORK (TOP 10 COUNTRY'S)

CITATATION NETWORK (COUNTRY’S CITING US)

CITATATION NETWORK (WITHOUT US)

CITATATION NETWORK (US CITY’S)

CITATATION NETWORK (TOP 30 ASSIGNEES)

CITATATION NETWORK (TOP 30 NON_US_ASSIGNEES)

Antidepressants_city Antideppresent_country CITATION TABLE-ANTIDEPRESSANTS no citations country Netherlands Antilles 1 Australia United States 2 Belgium 3 Bermuda United States 14 Canada 12 Switzerland Australia 2 Germany 33 Denmark 15 France 46 Great Britain (UK) United States 64 Hungary Ireland United States 52 Israel United States 8 Iran United States 1 Italy United States 5 Japan Korea (South) United States 1 Luxembourg United States 1 Netherlands United States 14 Sweden United States 8 Singapore Iceland 1 United States 649 British Virgin Islands 1 2 26 state CA CO CT DC DE FL GA IL IN LA MA MD MI MN NC NE NJ NY OH OK OR PA RI TN TX UT VA VT WA WI state CA MA CT NJ NY FL DE IN IN LA IN DC MI TX NC NJ NJ NY NY MA FL MN LA IN NY PA VA IN FL IN no_citati ons 78 1 12 5 4 23 4 6 70 6 95 4 19 2 6 2 107 33 11 1 7 22 6 3 6 14 3 5 5 1

CITATATION NETWORK (ANTIDEPRSSENTS)

Anti psychotics_country psychotics_city CITATION TABLE-ANTIPSYCHOTICS country Netherlands Antilles Australia No_citations state DC OH 39 1 CT NJ 63 United States 2 DC GA 4 Belgium United States 11 DE IN 7 Germany United States 8 FL FL 1 Denmark IN IN 12 Spain United States LA LA 6 MA LA 38 France 18 MD NY 2 Great Britain (UK) 8 MI NY 7 Italy United States 1 MO IN 82 Japan United States 1 NC CA 1 Luxembourg United States 4 NJ NJ 165 Netherlands Germany 4 NY NY 38 Slovenia Hungary 1 OH CT 8 United States OR MI 10 PA PA 12 RI LA 4 VA OH 1 British Virgin Islands United States 15 4 555 3 citations

CITATATION NETWORK (ANTIPHSYCOTICS)

CITATATION NETWORK (ANTIPSYCHOTICS)

CITATION TABLE-HYPNOTICS Netherlands Antilles Australia Bermuda Canada Switzerland Germany Denmark France Netherlands Antilles United States Great Britain (UK) United States Denmark Japan Great Britain (UK) United States Ireland Israel Iran Iceland Japan United States Japan United States British Virgin Islands 1 2 5 1 1 6 7 4 1 1 5 2 4 1 1 CA CA 19 DC GA 2 DE DE 4 FL FL 13 IN NJ 3 MA MA 7 MI MI 1 NJ DE 24 NY NY 19 OH NJ 1 OR MI 2 PA NY 7 UT PA 14 VA VA 2

CITATATION NETWORK (HYPNOTICS)

CITATATION NETWORK (HYPNOTICS)

CITATATION NETWORK (STABILIZERS)

CITATATION NETWORK (STABILIZERS)

CITATATION NETWORK (STIMULANTS)

CITATATION NETWORK (STIMULANTS)

LESSONS LEARNED Difficulty with ‘Mood Stimulants’ category New Term Hybrid of other categories Very few co-author pharmaceuticals Antipsychotics and Lithium salts (1959)