Next Step in Networking Issues and Future Dae

Next Step in Networking: Issues and Future Dae Young KIM CNU dykim@{anf. ne. kr; cnu. ac. kr} 1

Contents n Part I: Network Technology Evolution n n Where We Are Lessons What’s Next Part II: Deployments and Applications n n n Global Advanced Networks Cyber Infrastructure e-Science Asia-APAN A National Optical Networking Capability of Internet 2 NRL & HOPI 2

Part I: Network Technology Evolution 3

Millennium Retrospect n n n n Data - Voice Comm. : Convergence? Switching: Circuit to Packet, and. . . ? Links: HDLC, ATM, LANs, Ethernet, . . . Routing: Telecom to Data(Internet) End-to-end protocols: TCP Applications: Web service Wired vs Wireless: Copper vs Fiber Internetworking: IP 4

Where We Are (I) n IP as Ultimate Internetworking Glue n n n IP over Everything over IP Hourglass vs Wineglass By Steve Deering 5

Where We Are (II) n Ethernet as Winning Link Technology n n n Ethernet Everywhere WLAN = Wireless Ethernet? IP + Ethernet for Data n n n Not perfect for Qo. S Streams(Voice, Audio, Video) Just right for non-Qo. S(quasi-Qo. S or Co. S) Qo. S possible for a few sessions 6

Lesson: Keep it Simple and Stupid n Simple is the best n n n Internet vs OSI Ethernet vs ATM End-to-End Argument n n n Keep network simple/stupid and Put Intelligence at edges/ends Don’t build in the core anything that can be built at edges/ends 7

Lesson: Flexible vs Conservative n Protocol n n Be flexible in what you receive Be conservative in what you send Example: TCP Network n n Be flexible in what you adopt Be conservative in what you abandon Examples: Magnetic, Modem, Copper, . . . Future examples: Ethernet, IP, ATM, . . . 8

Lessons: More n Convergence n n n Data + Voice Wired + Wireless Dream Not Come True? Extremely difficult to put new functions/features in the Infra Layer independence n Need new assessment 9

What’s Next? n n Internetworking issue over: IP Applications, Services! n n Wireless: Just last hop n n Middleware, Web Services, GRID, … Mobility, Security, Qo. S Physical, Medium; Still evolving Long way yet to the Netopia? We’re in the low tide. 10

Issues Yet Pending n n n Qo. S Multicast; Group Communications Mobility Security Which layer? n n Not IP? Link? Application? Wireless 11

Qo. S Myth n Qo. S is needed in one to one connections for real time voice and video e. g n n BUT, most Internet applications are NOT one to one real time connections, they are many to one and many to many type of connections e. g. n n Doctor video conferencing with a patient Doctors retrieving X-ray image from a database Multicast distribution of a movie etc Many users going to the same web site End to end Qo. S is real hard if you have more than a one to one, real time connection 12

Qo. S(I) n Different Ideas about Qo. S n n Security, Static BW, Rigorous Definition of Qo. S n n Reliability Throughput n n Dynamic thru Quasi-dynamic Delay, (Delay) Jitter 13

Qo. S(II) n Back to the Basics/Principles(KISS) n n Circuit over Packet? n n Circuit for Qo. S Packet for Data Don't mix up ATM, PWE, etc. , … Packet over Circuit! 14

Qo. S(III) n Circuit over Packet MM Qo. S PKT SAND 15

Hybrid Transfer Mode: HTM n Seamless Packet over Circuit 16

And More n Multicast n n Not at the IP layer? At the Application Layer? n n n At the Link or Physical Layer? Mobility n n Overlay Multicast, CDN Fast enough? Where? Security n Mature? Convenient? 17

Xcast n IP packet (option) header에 수신자의 unicast IP 주소들을 explicitly 포함 18

Overlay Multicast n Comparison with IP (network-layer) multicast 19

CDN(Content Delivery Network) Unicast 20

Part II: Deployments and Applications 21

Global Advanced Networks 22

Advanced Networks n High Performance R&E or R&D Network Mbps -> Gbps -> Tbps n for research, education, development n Advanced Technologies on the Network n Advanced Applications on the Network n Network, Application 기술 개발이 미래 정 보사회 구축, 산업발전의 기초 n 선진국이 되기위한 필수요소 n 23

24

25

GEANT 26

Cyber Infrastructure 27

The Need for a Global Research and Education Network n n n A global R&E network is required to support true global cyberinfrastructure which will underpin global e-science However international connections very slow compared with R&E network backbone speeds Global connection effort not wellcoordinated – dominated by bilateral thinking 28

Cyberinfrastructure (NSF) 연구 교육을 위한 특수지식환경 (Grid community, e-Science community, virtual community) 교육훈련 및 프로젝트 어플리케이션 Data, High Observation, Information, Interfaces, Performance Measurement, Collaboration Visualization Knowledge Computational Fabrication services Management services Networking, Operating System, Middleware Base Technology: computation, storage, communication = Cyberinfrastructure : hardware, software, service, personnel, organization 29

e-Science 30

EU-GEANT, UK-e. Science EU는 유럽의 초고속연구망(GEANT) 및 많은 Grid Project를 지원 n GEANT: 유럽의 어플리케이션 영역뿐만 아니라 (네트워크 포 함) 연구 자체를 지원하는 Infrastructure n n n 3, 000개 이상의 연구 및 교육기관 참여 n n 30개국 이상 참여, 28개 국가 및 지역 연구교육망 포함 9개의 10 Gbps, 11개의 2. 5 Gbps UK-e. Science n 국제협력을 통한 차세대 연구에 대한 Infrastructure를 제공 genomics, bioscience, particle physics, astronomy, earth science & climatology, engineering systems, social sciences n n 차세대 open platform standard를 위해 노력 n optimal international infrastructure 제공 31

What is e. Science? n The ultimate goal of e-science to allow students and eventually members of the general public to be full participants in scientific discovery and innovation. n n Using advanced high speed networks combining new concepts in distributed computing, peer to peer file sharing, Grid technology and “Third Wave of the Internet” n 32

Third Wave of the Internet n The first wave n n text and data services such as e-mail and FTP The second wave the web which improved ease of use and facilitated the transfer of images, sound and video n n The third wave integration of grids n p 2 p networking n open source n distributed computing enabled by next generation web services, semantic web and high speed networks n 33

Today’s Network The network is subservient to the computer The application is tightly bound to the OS Application Network User OS OS Data Application The network is a mechanism for applications to communicate with each other User Data 34

Third Wave Network Application and data exist on the network and are uncoupled from any specific machine or location Third Wave Network OS The computer is subservient to the network OS Application and Data Third Wave OS OS Data 35

Grids - Third Wave -Web Data Complexity Computational Complexity Source: Toney Hey UK e. Science Grid 36

What are Grids? Grids enable the new science n Original motivation, and support, from high-end science and engineering n Enable communities (“virtual organizations”) to share resources as they pursue common goals n New applications enabled by the coordinated use of geographically distributed resources n E. g. , distributed collaboration, data access and analysis, distributed computing, instrumentation n Persistent infrastructure for large scale computing problems n Using distributed computing resources of schools, 37 universities and research centers n

Grid in Action: “Create Processes at A and B that Communicate & Access Files at C” Single sign-on via “grid-id” & generation of proxy cred. User Proxy credential Or: retrieval of proxy cred. from online repository Remote process creation requests* Site A (Kerberos) GSI-enabled GRAM server Computer Process Kerberos ticket Authorize Map to local id Create process Generate credentials Local id Restricted proxy Communication* Remote file access request* Site C (Kerberos) * With mutual authentication Ditto Storage system GSI-enabled GRAM server Site B (Unix) Computer Process Local id Restricted proxy GSI-enabled FTP server Authorize Map to local id Access file 38

Examples e. Research Grid Projects ALMA LHC Sloan Digital Sky Survey ATLAS 39

Components of CI-enabled science & engineering High-performance computing for modeling, simulation, data processing/mining Humans Individual & Group Interfaces & Visualization Collaboration Services Instruments for observation and characterization. Global Connectivity Physical World Facilities for activation, manipulation and construction Knowledge management institutions for collection building and curation of data, information, literature, digital objects 40

Collaboratories Streams of Activity Converging in a CI Initiative GRIDS (broadly defined) CI-enabled Science & Engineering Research & Education E-science 4 Specific disciplinary projects (not using above labels) 1

Cyberinfrastructure Opportunities NVO and ALMA Climate Change ATLAS and CMS LIGO The number of nation-scale projects is growing rapidly! 42

Futures: The Computing Continuum Smart Objects Petabyte Archives National Petascale Systems Terabit Responsive Collaboratories Networks Environments Laboratory Terascale Systems Building Up Ubiquitous Sensor/actuator Networks Contextual Awareness Ubiquitous Infosphere Building Out Science, Policy and Education 43

The Changing Style of Observational Astronomy The Old Way: Now: Future: Pointed, heterogeneous observations (~ MB - GB) Large, homogeneous sky surveys (multi-TB, ~ 106 - 109 sources) Multiple, federated sky surveys and archives (~ PB) Small samples of objects (~ 101 - 103) Archives of pointed observations (~ TB) Virtual Observatory 44

Crab Nebula in 4 spectral regions X-ray, optical, infrared, radio 45

Four LHC Experiments: The Petabyte to Exabyte Challenge ATLAS, CMS, ALICE, LHCB Higgs + New particles; Quark-Gluon Plasma; CP Violation Data stored ~40 Petabytes/Year and UP; CPU 0. 30 Petaflops and UP 0. 1 to 1 Exabyte (1 EB = 1018 Bytes) (2007) (~2012 ? ) for the LHC Experiments 46

Virtual Observatory n n http: //www. us-vo. org/ Discovery process will rely on advanced visualization and data mining tools Not tied to a single brick and mortar location Will cross correlate existing multi-spectral databases petabytes in size No new telescopes or radio dishes. Just big networks interconnecting large databases 47

Earthquake Engineering Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) $ 81. 8 M FY 01 -04 NSF support requested. Scoping study managed by NCSA; sponsored by NSF n n n NEES will provide a networked, national resource of geographically-distributed, shareduse, next-generation, experimental research equipment installations, with tele-observation and tele-operation capabilities. NEES will shift the emphasis of earthquake engineering research from current reliance on physical testing to integrated experimentation, computation, theory, databases, and modelbased simulation using input data from Earth. Scope and other sources. NEES will be a collaboratory – an integrated experimental, computational, communications, and curated repository system, developed to support collaboration in earthquake engineering research and education. 48

Grid Communities n Access Grid Collaboration n Enable collaborative work at dozens of sites worldwide, with strong sense of shared presence Combination of commodity audio/video tech + Grid technologies for security, discovery, etc. Presenter camera CRC, Sheraton and universities participating Ambient mic Presenter mic (tabletop) Audience camera 49

Asia-APAN 50

Asia–APAN n n APAN Network: 한국, 일본, 중국, 대만, 싱가폴, 호주, 말레이시아, 태국, 필리핀, 홍콩, 베트남, 인도네시아, 스리랑카, 미국, 프랑스, EU 연결 APAN Community: 아태지역 각국의 초고속연구교육망 제공자 및 사용자 의 모임 아직 Cyberinfrastructure 혹은 e. Science가 형성되지 않음. 그러나 일본을 중심으로 Natural Science 분야에서 활발히 활동 n n n Weather/Climate, Agriculture, Earth Monitoring Medical/Health Museum, Art High Energy Physics, Bio. Infomatics, Nano. Technology … etc 51

GOS Observation to understand the current weather 52

Weather/Meteorology Trajectory GMS 21 March 2002 53

Digital Earth 54

Forest Fire Early Detection System Hotspots are observed in NOAA-AVHRR and new lights are detected by DMSP -OLS. Both data are combined and the coordinate data are stored in a file and also plotted on base images (left). These data are sent to the related organizations in each country and also archived to be displayed on the web. These information are automatically sent to a mobilephone (i-mode) of the manager by e-mail every day. 12 ANDES 55

HENP Major Links: Bandwidth Roadmap (Scenario) in Gbps Continuing the Trend: ~1000 Times Bandwidth Growth Per Decade; We are Rapidly Learning to Use and Share Multi-Gbps Networks 56

Global Medical Research Exchange Initiative Bio-Medicine and Health Sciences St. Petersburg Kazakhstan Uzbekistan NL CA MD Barcelona Greece GHANA Layer 1 – Spoke & Hub Sites Buenos Aires/San Paolo Chenai Navi Mumbai CN SG PERTH Layer 2 – Spoke & Hub Sites Layer 3 – Spoke & Hub Sites Global Quilt Initiative – GMRE Initiative - 001 Propose Global Research and Education Network for Physics 57

APAN e-Learning CAST PCOM APRTC SORG EDUC Cross-organizational and international cooperation (COINCO) to 58 forge innovative approaches to IPMist）实验室 网址：http: //www. ipmist. org market the challenge of e-learning 中国农业大学植保生态智能系统技术（

Advanced Networks and Cyberinfrastructure in Korea n 과학 기술 연구 환경의 획기적 변화 고속 네트웍을 이용한 데이터, 연산 능력 등 자원의 공유를 통한 연구 효율 극대화 n 초고속망 없이는 경쟁력 있는 첨단연구 불가: 바이오, 항공, 기상 등 6 T 전 분야 n 세계적 과학 기술 망 블록 등장 예상 됨 n 초 부처적인 사업 개념 확립 필요 n e-Science, e-Education n 한국의 초고속망 - KOREN, (KREN), (KREONET) 국제: APII, TEIN n 정부-기관-학교를 포함하는 이용자 그룹: ANF n 59

Dancing. Q(I) 60

Dancing. Q(II) KII network KOREN U. S. Seoul The National Center for Korean Traditional Performing Arts v. BNS, Abilene Suwon Daejeon Kwangju Star. TAP Daegu 622 M× 2 Busan Trans. PAC Japan 1 G Performance Sites Kyusue APII Test-bed(Asia Pacific Information Infra. ) Busan National Univ. KOREN(KOrea advanced REsearch Network) KII Network(KII: Korea Information Infrastructure): ATM network Tokyo-XP WIDE, JGN 61

HDTV over IP Demo(I) 270 Mbps High-Definition streaming video from Portland Demonstrate the performance of IP network to support extremely high rate multimedia data. Portland Busan Fukuoka Tokyo ~8000 km/~5000 mi WIDE KOREN 1 Gbps BUSAN APII 1 Gbps IEEAF 10 Gbps JGN 622 Mbps JAPAN USA 62

HDTV over IP Demo(II) 63

Global Advanced Networks Internet 2 CII/NSF GEANT/EU e. Science/UK APAN CII-K/ANF 64

Advanced Network Forum (http: //anf. ne. kr) APII-2 Link GEANT (to Paris) 10 Gbps ANF Vision of Future Distributed HUB Korea TEIN Japan 45 Mbps 622 Mbps * 2 China Internet 2 /STAR TAP (to Chicago) Myanmar Vietnam Thailand Trans. PAC Philippines n. Gbps Malaysia n. Mbps APII, A 3 I Links Singapore Indonesia Australia 65

Distributed Cluster - Proposal North East Asia Cluster (JP, KR, …) Japan Europe Korea North America USA l l China l Taiwan Hong Kong l Thailandl Malaysia l l Sri Lanka l Vietnam l Philippines l Singapore l Indonesia South East Asia Cluster (MY, TH, …) Oceania Cluster (AU, , …) Access Point Exchange Point l Australia 66

IEEAF: APAN Opportunities IEEAF: 622 Mbps POS +10 Gbps l AARNet 67

A National Optical Networking Capability of Internet 2 68

Abilene Focus(’ 03~’ 04) n n High perfomance , native advanced services: Multicast, IPv 6, Large Flows End-to-End support Dedicated Capability Experimentation n 10 -Gbps optical upgrade Tera. Grid experiment: best-effort virtual circuit Advanced Restoration Techniques 69

Abilene Restoration n Abilene has a partial mesh of unprotected DWDM circuits replacing protected SONET circuits Vo. IP and other real-time applications are becoming more important Graceful restart for IS-IS and BGP 70

Why a national optical facility? Expansion capability (λ’s) at marginal cost n New technology: 10 Gigabit Ethernet in place of SONET n Means for introducing interdomain optical switching n Influencing development of new protocols at IP/optical interface n 71

Abilene Network 10 -Gpbs Optical Upgrade –(’ 02~’ 03) 72

NRL(National Rambda. Rail) 73

What is NLR(I) n n a consortium of leading U. S. research universities and private sector technology companies NLR aims to reenergize innovative research and development into next generation network technologies, protocols, services and applications 74

What is NLR(II) n n combine new optical circuit technologies and existing high performance Internet services to develop a next generation of advanced networking capabilities. intend to offer national experimental service over a λ–‘lambda grid’ deployment initially 75

Features n Largest optical networking & research facility in the world n n n ~10, 000 route-miles of dark fiber Four 10 -Gbps λ’s provisioned at outset Use of high speed Ethernet for WAN n 10 Gigabit Ethernet LAN PHY is primary interface 76

Internet 2 and NLR n n Intend to offer national experimental service over a single λ for first 5 years of operation –lambda grid Corporate partners n n Cisco(optronics/switching/routing) Level 3(fiber) Strong interest by other optronics companies Budget: $83 -100 M over 5 years 77

National Lambda. Rail Architecture 78

NLR’s ‘Virtuous Circles’ and the Vital Role of Dark Fiber 79

HOPI(Hybrid Optical/Packet Infrastructure 80

Outline n Assembling the vital ingredients n n Regional Optical Networks(RONs) n n High-peformance national IP network –Abilene National optical capabilities –NLR Hybrid networking – next steps n n Plans for the NLR λ dedicated to Internet 2 Steps towards developing a Hybrid Optical Packet Infrastructure(HOPI) 81

10 -Gbps λ over full NLR footprint n n Details n 5 -year commitment n Likely 10 Gig. E framing(in lieu of OC 192 c SONET) Expect some type of ‘TDM’ infrastructure to be provisioned by Internet 2 in collaboration with NLR 82

Hybrid Optical Networking n n n Includes both IP packet and circuit capabilities Provides new opportunities for demanding applications and network experimentation Does not obviate security and performance issues Requires interoperability and varying degrees of on-demand resource allocation Depends on interplay of national, regional, and metropolitan efforts Examples: National Lambda. Rail, regional 83 optical networks

NLR-Internet 2 relationship 84

References n n n ANF – http: //anf. ne. kr APAN - http: //apan. net Canarie – http: //www. canarie. ca Internet 2 – http: //www. internet 2. edu Geant – http: //www. geant. net National Lambda. Rail -http: //www. getlight. net/ 85

Conclusion IP, Optical, Wireless n Low Tide in Networking Research n Yet Long Way to the Netopia n Chances for the Innovative n Information Infrastructure n The Third Wave n 86