Next generation networks 4 G Networks n

Next generation networks

4 G Networks n n n Why 3 G is not enough? 4 G Business case 4 G Networks n Intra-nets (core) n Inter-nets (network of networks) Role of hot spot services Standardization n WWRF: Book of Visions - research areas 4 G cases n HAPS (Higher Altitude Platform Station) n ITS (Intelligent Transport System) 2

Why 3 G is not enough? n n n higher rates than 3 G can offer (2 Mbit/s - 384 kbit/s practical rates even 64 kbit/s) are required - especially in hot spots multirate (Diff. Serv) & Qo. S difficult to realize due to unintegrated core - air interfaces all-IP required - makes applications developed for Internet to apply directly in 3 G interoperability with other networks and new services require more developed security 3 G alone is too expensive and inflexible new technologies create new services, and increased competition that demand 4 G! 3

4 G Business case n 4 G must give more than earlier networking to make it a business case! creates fashions needs optimized usage of network resources drives development new services must be created! Equipment main power-line! Networking participants - adaptivity - design optimization -> cost effective design! - CF* configuration - unanimous inter-networking - simple and fair billing - CF graphical user interface (GUI) - security *Custom Friendly = adaptive, automated, personalized. . . 4

4 G - network of networks rates 1 -100 Mb/s 64 kb/s - 3 Mb/s mobility 1 -100 Mb/s -10 Mb/s 10 -100 Mb/s flexible mobility Broadcasting DAB, DVB Global roaming 2 G+, UMTS Office-wide hot-spots (LANs) DECT, IEEE 802. 11 Wire replacement networks Bluetooth, IRd. A Body area networks (BANs) IEEE 802. 15. 3, ERM/TG 31 Fixed access x. DSL+DSM*, ISDN, PSTN 4 G technology examples rate *DSM: Dynamic Spectrum Management 5

3 G/4 G cores compared O&M 3 G n n n Back compatible to 2 G Circuit and packet switched network Existing and evolving network coexistence Weak support for mobility & Qo. S User rates up to 2 Mb/s 4 G n n Extends 3 G capacity by the order of magnitude Entirely packet switched All digital design Higher rates up to 100 Mb/s 6

Main parameters of different internet access systems 7

Main parameters of different internet access systems (cont. ) 8

Moving from 3 G to 4 G PHS: Personal Handyphone System (128 kb/s!), see also http: //www. 3 g. co. uk/PR/March 2002/3050. htm 9

3 G and WLANs* n WLAN drawbacks: n 2. 4 GHz crowded - interference, especially with Bluetooth (5 GHz band gives relief, next slide) n lack of multi-mode phones n security issues n handovers to GSM would give a competitive edge *Wireless Europe, issue 16, May 2002 10

range spatial capacity kbps/m 2 Hot-spot capacities compared Range 50 -500 meters 10 -100 meters few meters 11

License free bands in different countries n Bands should exist at the same frequencies in different countries to enable global roaming 12

4 G Standardization n Main organizations n WWRF (Wireless World Research Forum) n IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) n ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) n ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union) n Mobile VCE (Virtual Centre of Excellence in Mobile and Personal Communications Ltd) n 4 G Mobile forum WWRF workgroups 13

Wireless World Research Forum n n n Founded by Alcatel SA, L. M. Ericsson Telephone, Nokia and Siemens AG Objectives: Combine efforts of UMTS Forum, ETSI, 3 GPP, IETF, ITU Working groups: n WG 1 The Human Perspective of the Wireless World n WG 2 The Service Architecture for the Wireless World n WG 3 New Communication Environment and Heterogeneous Networks n WG 4 Spectrum, New Air Interfaces and Ad-hoc Networking 14

15 WWRF: Book of Visions

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WWRF Timelines for 4 G Timelines summarized 2001: 1 st Book of Visions 2003: 1 st prototypes 2005: Standardization starts 2010: 4 G field tests 20

4 G Architectural trends 21

4 G Terminals n n Requirements n easy to use - services will be accessed! n takes only a little power n Pricing must be simple! n price follows customer classifications n universal terminal - price come from service profiles n adaptive - all services potentially in the same device Practical terminal design has many interdependent challenges adaptive antennas and MIMO terminal transmission capacity computational power artificial intelligent and pattern recognition DSP techniques software radio battery lifetime system output technologies user input technologies 22

4 G business model Cash flow 4 G 2. 1. 2 G+ & 3 G 4. 3. time 1. 2. 3. 4. Lower start-up cost Quicker return-of-investment Faster time-to-market/profits Higher revenue potential (costeffective, on-demand, up-to-date service development) 23

High Altitude Stratospheric Platform Station Systems* (HAPS) ~20 km height balloons or planes (Heli. Net) BW=600 MHz fc = 47 GHz rates: 25 Mb/s… hundreds of Mb/s *see also http: //www. skystation. com/sts. html 24

HAPS summarized n n Benefits n versatile: multitude of services in different locations. (2 G->) Also, new services n broadband, also to moving stations n cost-effective Open issues n most feasible technology? n demo missing - first follows in PIMRC'02 n reliability in harsh environment n service availability (rain attenuation, depends on radio frequencies) 25

Intelligent Transport System* (ITS) http: //www. piarc. lcpc. fr/ - Tele-services - Improved safety - Improved traffic efficiency and reduced congestion - Improved environmental quality and energy efficiency - Improved economic productivity http: //www. itsa. org/ see also: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 26

ITS summarized n n n Provide multimedia for drivers & passengers Solving problems such as traffic accidents & congestion Development areas: navigation, electronic tolls, assistance for safe driving … Telecomm development: road-vehicle communications, intervehicle communications Modems along roadsides using optical fibers by Radio on Fiber (ROF) technology or at 5. 4 GHz band Some international projects: n German ministry for education and research: COMCAR n IP based multimedia & telematics n applies GSM, UMTS, DVB, GPS. . . n EU-project: Multimedia Car Platform (MCP) n Communications, navigation, entertainment. . . 27

4 G framework summarized 28

Abdi R. Modarressi, Seshadri Mohan: Control and Management in Next-Generation Networks: Challenges and Opportunities, IEEE Communication Magazine, Oct 2001 Stan Moyer and Amjad Umar: The Impact of Network Convergence on Telecommunications Software, IEEE Communication Magazine, Jan 2001 Helmut Bölcskei, Arogyaswami J. Paulraj, K. V. S. Hari, and Rohit U. Nabar, Willie W. Lu: ‘Fixed Broadband Wireless Access: State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Directions’, IEEE Communication, Jan 2001 Werner Mohr and Walter Konhäuser: Access Network Evolution Beyond Third Generation Mobile Communications, IEEE Communication Magazine, Dec 2000 Qi Bi, George I. Zysman, and Hank Menkes: Wireless Mobile Communications at the Start of the 21 st Century, IEEE Communication Magazine, Jan 2001 Shingo Ohmori, Yasushi Yamao and Nobuo Nakajima: The Future Generations of Mobile Communications Based on Broadband Access Technologies, IEEE Communication Magazine, Dec 2000 References Toru Otsu et al: Network Architecture for Mobile Communications Systems Beyond IMT-2000, IEEE Communications Magazine, Oct. 2001 http: //www. radio. gov. uk/document/consult/5 ghz. htm http: //protocols. com/papers/voip. htm http: //www. cnp-wireless. com/PCS. html http: //www. etsi. org/brochures/stateart/olanders. htm Http: //www. dectnet. com http: //www. zdnet. com/anchordesk/story_4439. html http: //http. cs. berkeley. edu/~gribble/summaries/wireless/wlan_design. html http: //rpcp. mit. edu/~gingold/cable/ http: //www. etsi. org/technicalactiv/hiperlan 1. htm http: //webapp. etsi. org/tbhomepage/TBDetails. asp? TB_ID=287&TB_NAME=BRAN, http: //www. etsi. org/technicalactiv/hiperlan 2 http: // www. atmforum. com http: //www. wirelesscomm. globalsources. com http: //global. ihs. com http: //grouper. ieee. org/groups/802/15/ WPAN http: //users. ece. gatech. edu/~jxie/4 G/index. html http: //www. telecommagazine. com/ http: //www. adsl. com/dsl_forum. html http: //www. ezweb. ne. jp/ 29