New Yankee Doodle A band of brothers, let us be, While Adams guides the nation; And still our dear-bought freedom guard, In ev’ry situation. Yankee Doodle, guard your coast, Yankee Doodle Dandy. Fear not then or threat or boast, Yankee Doodle Dandy.
Jefferson and Liberty The gloomy night before us flies, The reign of terror now is o’er; Its gags, inquisitors and spies Its hordes of harpies are no more. Rejoice Columbia’s sons rejoice To tyrants never bend the knee, But join with heart and soul and voice For Jefferson and Liberty.
John Adams
Thomas Jefferson
Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans (1798) Issue Federalists Democratic-Republicans Economy? Manufacturing Agrarian (farming) National Bank? Bank (helps No Bank (too much federal manufacturing) power) Interpret Constitution? Broadly (is it Strictly (is it expressly forbidden? ) permitted? ) Balance of Power? National Authority States’ Rights Foreign Policy? Pro-British Pro-French
Justification for Alien & Sedition Acts “The United States. . . were threatened with actual invasion. . . and had then, within the bosom of the country, thousands of aliens, who, we doubt not, were ready to cooperate in any external attack. ”
Summary of Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) Naturalization Act To be eligible for citizenship, an alien must prove 14 years of residence within the United States (previously 5 years). Alien Act President may deport any alien he views as “dangerous to the peace and safety of the U. S. ” No trial or evidence required. No defense. Alien Enemies Act President may, in case of war, deport aliens of an enemy country or impose severe restraints on them.
Summary of Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) Sedition Act 1) Illegal to conspire to oppose any measure or to impede the operation of any law of the United States. 2) Illegal for any person to write print or publish “any false, scandalous and malicious writing . . against the government of the United States, or either house of the Congress. . . or the President. . . with intent to defame or to bring them into contempt or disrepute; or to excite against them the hatred of the good people of the United States.
The Documents Debate in Congress Albert Gallatin (Democratic. Republican) Debate among the states (after passage) Kentucky Resolutions “Long John” Allen (Federalist) Massachusetts Reply
Connections • War and fear of dissent commonly linked • What is the role of political dissent in the United States? In what ways is it protected? (Do you have a right to criticize the government? Are there limits to this right? ) • States’ rights and federal power—Who is responsible for protecting our civil liberties?
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