New Tendencies in English Pronunciation Prof Tatiana Levina

New Tendencies in English Pronunciation Prof. Tatiana Levina Vladimir State University 1

Groups of Changes n n n n 1. m nd - m nde 2. knight, knee 3. ME i: > NE a life ME u > NE dull 4. OE [ ], [ð] – one phoneme ME thigh [ a ] – thy [ða ] 5. adult [ æd lt] ally [ æla ] 2

Vowel Changes I. Isolated Changes n n 1. [ ] k p b t 2. [ : ] l : : t 3. [a ] [ ] – a back element 4. The centripetal [ sentr pi: tl] tendency [ ] [e] [ ] [bout] > [b t] 3

II. Combinative [ k mb n t v] changes 1. [ : ] > [ ] before [f, s, ] soft, often, cloth 2. [ju: ] > [u: ] preceded by [t , , r, l] chew, June, rule, blue n after [s] suit [su: t, sju: t] assume [ sju: m, - su: m] consume [k n sju: m, su: m] 4

n after [ ] enthusiasm [ n ju: ziæzm, - u: ] n after [z] resume [r zju: m, - zu: m] n initial [l] luke-warm [ lu: k w : m] lunatic [ lu: n t k, lju: ] n medial [l] absolute [ æbs lu: t, ju: t] n dubious AE [ du: bi s, dju: ] BE [ dju: bi s] 5

3. diphthongization [i: ], [u: ] e. g. who, see n [u+u] > [ +u] a substandard variant n [ + ] > [ +j] 6

4. monophthongization n [e ] say, play [ei+ ] n [a ] tower [|ta ] [t : ] fire [fa ] [f : ] 7

5. final [ ] > [i: ], [e] pretty [ pr ti] [ pr ti: ], [ pr te] n [ ] > [i: ] in other positions between [b twi: n] [bi: twi: n] eleven [ levn] [i: levn] substandard [ ] 8

6. [ ] > [ + ] nausea [ n : si ] [ n : s + ] influence [ nflu nts] [ nflu+ nts] 9

7. The influence of dark [l] in [ lv, lt, : lt ] [ ], [ : ] > [ ] : revolve [r v lv] solve [s lv] dissolve [d z lv] salt [s : lt, s lt] halt [h lt, h : lt] falter [ f : lt , |f l-] 10

8. The spread of [ ] in unstressed syllables: system [ s st m, -t m] September [sep temb , s p-] diplomat [ d pl mæt] boycott [ b k t, -k t] corridor [ k r d : , - -, -d ] candidate [ kænd d t, -de t, -d t] boxes BE [ b ks z] AE [ b : ks z] ended BE [ end d] AE [ end d] 11

III. Changes in Vowel Lengthening of Vowels: n [ ] big, his n [ ] good n [ ] come n [e] yes, bed, men, said n [æ] man, bag, bad, sad 12

Changes in Consonants 1. Assimilation to exert [ g z : t] miscellaneous [ m sl e ni s] The cases of assimilation: 1). historical assimilation watch [wæt ] > [w t ] 13

2). devoicing n [z] > [s] n [d] > [t] news [ nju: z] newspaper [ nju: s|pe p ] amidst [ m dst, - m tst] 14

3). in compound words n n tenpence [ tenp nts, tem-] football [ f pb : l] (not registered) 4). in rapid familiar speech n give me [ g mm ] 15

5). coalescing [k |les ŋ] type [dj] > [ ] due [dju: , u: ] n [tj] > [t ] tube [tju: b, t u: b] Tuesday [ tju: zde , t u: z-] n [sj]>[ ] issue [ u: , sju: ] n 16

2. New weak forms n and [ænd] [ nd, n, nd, n] n that’s right [sra t] n that’s funny [s f n ] n if you like [fj la k] n What does he want? [ w ts hi w nt] 17

3. The weakening and loss of consonants 1). final alveolars [t, d, n] n n n fourtee(n) men wha(t)’s the matter no(t) bad ol(d) man half pas(t) five 18

2). loss of plosives [p, b, k, g] n n n knokced begged apt bed-time egg-cup castle [k : sl] 3). Simplification of double consonants n n n a good deal upside down lamp post 19

4). initial combinations n psychic n pterodactyl [ ter dækt l] where < hwere n [ sa k k] 5). Loss of [h] n He gave him his breakfast. 20

6). Devoicing of consonants [b, d, g] n feed [fi: d˚] rogue [r g˚] 7). Voicing of consonants n n n letter AE, vulgar RP: [ led˚ ] British [ br d˚ ] better, latter 21

8). Intrusive consonants [ n tru: s v] a). [ns] > [nts] fancy [ fæntsi] once [w nts] pronouncing [pr na nts ŋ] n b). [p], [k] warmth [w : mp ] length [leŋk ] n c). intrusive [r] here and there [ h r n ð ] idea and reality [a d r n r æl ti] n 22

Dialect Mixing n stabilized [ ste b la zd] < [ stæ-] n reproduce [ ri: pr |dju: s] < [ re-] n typography [ta p gr fi] < [t ] South-Eastern dialect: n Mainland [ me nl nd] [ me nlænd] n Monday [ m nd ] [ m nde ] n necklace [ nekl s] 23

Changes of Stress 1). communal [ k mj nl, k mju: nl] n controversy [ k ntr v : si, k n tr v si] n aristocrat [ ær st kræt, r st kræt] n hospitable [h s p t bl, h sp t -] 2). n n garage [ gær : , - : , occasionally g r : , - r : ] adult [ æd lt, d lt] 24

Spelling Pronunciation n forehead [ f : hed, f r d] n often n toward [ fn, -tn] [t w : d, t : d] 25

Continental Pronunciation n gala [ ge l ]>[ g : l , ge -] n Faustus [ f : st s, fa -] n nuclei [ nju: kl i: ] < [ nju: kl a ] 26

Thank you! 27