New developments to progress Smart Buoy Idea Motyzhev

New developments to progress Smart Buoy Idea Motyzhev S. *, Horton E. **, Lunev E. *, Kirichenko A. *, Tolstosheev A. *, Yachmenev V. * * Marine Hydrophysical Institute NASU/Marlin-Yug Ltd, Kapitanskaya, 2, Sebastopol, Ukraine, 99011 ** Naval Oceanographic Office, 1002 Balch Boulevard, Stennis Space Center, MS 39522 -5001, USA

Goals of this year investigations according to the DBCP Workshop recommendations 1. Evaluation of Smart buoy prototype on basis of SVP-BT mini drifter • • Design of SVP-BT mini (34 -cm hull, 61 -cm drogue) as a whole to have a variety of mini drifters, e. g. subsurface temperature at the 12 -m depth 30 -month theoretical lifetime when continuous operation Reliability of AP measurements Indication of drogue attachment Capability of surface waves estimation Higher space-time resolution of measurements Some smart parameters (e. g. real-time clock, self-determination of area and season, etc. ) 2. Evaluation of SVP-BTC drifter with 80 -m temperature chain • • Development of the drifter Reliability of AP measurements Influence of drogue on vertical stabilization of chain Determination of the chain profile Indication of drogue attachment Capability of surface waves estimation Test air drop from C-130 aircraft

Evaluation of Smart buoy prototype on basis of SVP-BT mini drifter Two versions of SVP-BT mini drifters deployed in the Black Sea (3 Jul 2006) (SST and Tz-12 m) 34 -cm hull; 3. 6 cm OD 1 -wire carrier cable as a tether line; 61 -cm OD 4 -segment holey sock. Drag Area Ratio=40. Equipped with modified barometric port and Tz sensor SVP-BT mini drifter, equipped with MT 105 AM PTT with decreased power consumption 2 drifters SVP-BT mini drifter, equipped with MT 305 B PTT (0. 5 W emitting power and GPS module) 2 drifters

Evaluation of Smart buoy prototype on basis of SVP-BT mini drifter SVP-BT mini ID 40414 in the Black Sea (July-September, 2006) Map of the buoy drift Surface and subsurface (12. 5 m) Temperature, C temperatures variability 25 20 15 10 07. 03 Date 07. 13 07. 23 08. 03 08. 13 08. 23 09. 02 09. 12 09. 22

Evaluation of Smart buoy prototype on basis of SVP-BT mini drifter AP measurements by mini drifters with old (ID 34252) and modified (ID 40414) barometric ports

Evaluation of Smart buoy prototype on basis of SVP-BT mini drifter Submergence data to check the drogue attachment for SVP-B(T), SVP-B(T) mini and SVP-BTC drifters Rough sea surface Wrong determination, when extreme waves Hurricane Katrina

Evaluation of Smart buoy prototype on basis of SVP-BT mini drifter Submergence data to derive sea state and waves Submergence sensors Wind(Sub. M)~3. 4+0. 58·Sub. M [m/s]; Stdev=1. 8 m/s

Evaluation of Smart buoy prototype on basis of SVP-BT mini drifter Tracing of drifter by means of MT 305 A (0. 5 W+GPS) PTT SVP-BT-GPS mini ID 47621 Trimble Lassen i. Q GPS module

Evaluation of Smart buoy prototype on basis of SVP-BT mini drifter Possible smart parameters when using GPS PTT Self-determination of area and season Choose of time resolution of samples Self-determination when come ashore Real-time clock Etc.

Evaluation of Smart buoy prototype on basis of SVP-BT mini drifter Theoretical lifetime of the buoy in months after 1 year of storage MT 105 A Old PTT MT 105 AM Economic PTT MT 305 A 1. 0 W+GPS PTT 4*8=32 D-cell Alkaline Batteries 17 20 13 5*8=40 D-cell Alkaline Batteries 22 25 16

Evaluation of SVP-BTC drifter with 80 -m temperature chain 10 м 12 м 20 м 25 м T e m p e r a t u r e 30 м 35 м 40 м 45 м 15 м s e n s o r s 15 м 50 м 55 м 60 м 65 м 70 м 75 м 80 -m SVP-BTC in comparison with 60 -m SVP-BTC q Depth of drogue connection with tether is 10 m instead 12. 5 m q 7 additional temperature sensors at 10, 12. 5, 15, 65, 70, 75, 80 m 35 м 80 м D e p t h s e n s o r s 0 м q 3 additional depth sensors at 15, 35, 60 m q Modified barometric port

Evaluation of SVP-BTC drifter with 80 -m temperature chain Trajectories of two 80 -m SVP-BTC drifters deployed in the Black Sea (July - September 2006)

Evaluation of SVP-BTC drifter with 80 -m temperature chain AP data for 2 temperature profiling drifters deployed in 2006 by Meteo-France in Gulf of Guinea

Evaluation of SVP-BTC drifter with 80 -m temperature chain The data from temperature sensors measured during drift of the SVP-BTC buoy ID 56093 (July - September 2006)

Evaluation of SVP-BTC drifter with 80 -m temperature chain Depths of isotherms 20, 18, 14, 12, 11, 10 С, measured by SVP-BTC drifter ID 56092 (July - September 2006) 0 Depth, m 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 02. 07 12. 07 22. 07 01. 08 11. 08 21. 08 31. 08 10. 09 11. 09

Evaluation of SVP-BTC drifter with 80 -m temperature chain The results of temperature measurements with 80 -m SVP-BTC drifter Mixed layer Vertical profile Cold intermediate layer

Evaluation of SVP-BTC drifter with 80 -m temperature chain Levels of vertical oscillations Mutability of the chain profiles 10 20 20 Dept h, m 0 10 D e p t h, m 0 30 40 50 60 70 70 80 03. 07 08. 07 13. 07 18. 07 23. 07 Date 80 0 10 20 30 40 50 Horizontal Deflection, m Approximation H 35 and H 60 depth sensors locations depending on H 80 depth sensor data Hreg 35=8. 1+0. 74*H 80+0. 00238*(H 80)2; D=0. 24 м 2 Hreg 60=1. 8+0. 71*H 80 -0. 00118*(H 80)2; D=0. 27 м 2

Evaluation of SVP-BTC drifter with 80 -m temperature chain Amplitude of vertical oscillations of chain's upper point depending on submergence level

Results of SVP-B mini evaluation MT 105 AM PTT MT 305 B PTT+GPS Positive results * Design of the drifter ensures reliable operation for long time * AP channel provides reliable measurements * Sensor of submergence allows to determine the drogue attachment * Submergence data can be used to derive sea state and waves * Lifetime is up to 31 months * Lifetime is - 25 months (0. 5 W) after 1 year of storage * Higher space-time resolution * Some smart parameters The problems to be settled * Real-time clock (at the end of this year) * 1. 0 W emitting power instead 0. 5 W (at the end of this year) * Automatic deployment after drop to water * Automatic switch on after drop

Results of 80 -m SVP-BTC evaluation Positive results 10 м 12 м 20 м 25 м T e m p e r a t u r e 30 м 35 м 40 м 45 м 15 м s e n s o r s 15 м 35 м 50 м 55 м 60 м 65 м 70 м 75 м 80 м D e p t h s e n s o r s 0 м * Lifetime up to 3 months * AP channel ensures reliable measurements * Drogue provides good stabilization of chain's upper point * Depth sensor at the end of chain allows to have location of each temperature sensor within 1 m * Sensor of submergence allows to determine the drogue and chain attachment * Submergence data can be used to derive sea state and waves The problems to be settled * To increase reliability and cost-effectiveness of temperature profiling drifter by testing use of acoustic data transmission between drogue and surface float * Improvement of technology to have lifetime up to 6 months * To design the packaging system to avoid damages of drifter during transportation and deployment * Automatic deployment after drop to water (including air drop) * Automatic switch on after drop

Thanks