Navigating the Minefield Preventing and conquering the barriers to complex injury management cases The Causal Links Between Organisational Health and Individual Injury Presented on behalf of Self Insurers of Victoria Insight SRC Pty Ltd Level 9, 34 Queen Street Melbourne VIC 3000 Phone: 03 8611 0600 Email: enquiries@insightsrc. com. au Website: www. insightsrc. com. au
About Insight SRC… Insight SRC is a highly-skilled consulting organisation capable of building the productivity and effectiveness of enterprises through innovative and empowering leadership and organisational development strategies. We deal with the problem, not the symptom, by creating the tools, knowledge and capacity that our clients can then apply to a self-managed process for cultural and organisational change. Insight SRC works as a strategic partner with our clients to develop long-lasting relationships. You have the expert understanding of your operating environment. We have the deep conceptual knowledge of HR development and the powerful statistical tools and change processes to back it up. The solutions we develop are not off-the-shelf formats. Our flexibility in thinking and deployment is a result of a holistic approach to organisational issues. Together we work to give you insight into the way your people work, and the pathways for improvement. As partners, we create knowledge – the most powerful tool of the contemporary organisation. 1
Our theoretical frameworks … Insight SRC has been instrumental in creating the knowledge and setting the standards in the HR, consulting and scientific management communities: research awards (e. g. , we have received many prestigious research awards, at the national and international levels, for the quality of our organisational research, and have been rated in the top 10% of researchers worldwide) creating the knowledge that drives international thinking (e. g. , we our recognised as thought leaders on the key drivers of wellbeing, motivation and performance, and have published extensively in the top-tier scientific journals in management and organisational psychology) establishing theoretical frameworks that underpin policy and practice (e. g. , we developed the organisational health framework that now underpins the policies and practices in a wide range of private and public sector organisations to build accountability and improvement in people issues) Our research highlights four fundamental truisms that build effective performance Empathy – building trust, respect, and understanding Clarity – building dialogue, discussion, focus and accountability Engagement – building teamwork, empowerment, and shared ownership Learning – building in feedback, personal growth and challenge … these underpin the key team and individual behaviours that drive wellbeing 2
Engagement is the critical path to wellbeing and performance … Our focus, on establishing and understanding the link between people and performance has clearly demonstrated that engaged employees are the foundation of effective organisations. The Russell Investment Group A study of the companies on Fortune’s annual list of “ 100 Best Companies to Work For” showed that these companies returned five times as much to investors as the market in general Towers Perrin/ISR Using data from 664, 000 employees across 50 countries worldwide, Towers Perrin/ISR found that companies with highly engaged employees had lower turnover, lower absence, higher customer satisfaction Mc. Kinsey Lowell L. Bryan, a Mc. Kinsey Director, argues that companies focus too much on measuring returns on invested capital and not enough on measuring the contributions of their people, and believes that we should use financial-performance metrics to focus on returns on talent rather than returns on capital Insight SRC Working with a range of Australian private and public sector organisations, we have established a strong link between engaged employees and business performance: Boeing Australia – engaged employees drive business excellence (2003 Gold Award) Medium-sized Bank – engaged employees drive financial performance (2006) RACV – engaged employees drive retail and call centre customer satisfaction (2002 SIOP) Victorian Education – engaged employees drive student retention and academic achievement (2007) State and Commonwealth Public Sector – engaged employees lead to lower costs (1992 -2007) 3
Typical challenges when building engagement … Building engagement can be a time consuming, costly and threatening pursuit: Getting it right (e. g. , organisations often embark on engagement programs without first establishing the root cause of wellbeing and performance outcomes) Survey fatigue (e. g. , organisations often implement a range of diagnostic activities, including culture and climate surveys, stress audits, 360 degree feedback surveys, pulse surveys, engagement surveys, etc) Lack of common language (e. g. , embedding a common cultural language around ‘people’ is not helped by the use of different frameworks, tools and providers that all come with their own ways of talking about leadership and culture) Lack of integration (e. g. , different diagnostic tools usually draw on different conceptual frameworks, resulting in fragmentation and competing messages, a lack of ownership for core issues, and time consuming development processes) The blame game (e. g. , organisations sometimes struggle to build ownership of development needs at the right level, with managers blaming employees, and employees blaming managers – finger pointing is much easier than change) 4
Using organisational health as an integrative framework … Through a range of scientific and commercial projects, we have examined the key drivers of organisational health with data from over 1, 000 employees world-wide. Public Sector Private Sector Accountants and Economists Airline Employees Community Services Workers Engineering Employees Emergency Services Workers Finance Sector Employees Hospital Staff Information Technology Employees Local Government Employees Insurance Employees Police Officers Resource Industry Employees Primary & Secondary Teachers Retail Employees TAFE Employees Telecommunications Employees Transport Workers Utilities Employees
The Organisational Health Framework … Emotionality + Emotion Focused Coping Negative Experiences + Stress _ _ Org. Climate + Job Satisfaction + + + Positive Experiences + + + Non certified Sick leave Turnover Intentions _ + Problem Focused Coping + + + Stress Leave Discretionary Performance _ Morale Customer Experience + Profitability Sociability 6 Based on Hart & Cooper (2001)
Simplifying the Organisational Health Framework … Individual Characteristics Distress Organisational Characteristics Organisational Performance Morale we actually control those things that make the most difference to wellbeing and performance … 7
Research evidence … Individual Distress Individual Morale Workplace Morale Emotionality Organisational Climate Sociability Emotionality Positive Work Experiences Negative Work Experience 8 51 30 -30 67 Organisational Climate -36 Negative Work Experiences -18 Organisational Climate -60 Positive Work Experiences -10 05 Emotion Focused Coping 03 Organisational Climate 85 Emotionality 45 Emotionality 23 Sociability 28 Workplace Distress -29 Negative Work Experiences 25 Emotion Focused Coping 04 Sociability 15
Even more research evidence … Workers’ Compensation Job Satisfaction Emotionality Organisational Climate Emotionality Positive Work Experiences 77 -36 34 Negative Work Experiences -23 Sociability 11 28 Individual Morale Emotionality 40 Organisational Climate -39 Individual Morale -34 Individual Distress 22 11 Positive Work Experiences -14 13 06 Negative Work Experiences Workplace Morale -10 Sociability 09 Job Satisfaction -06 -19 Job Satisfaction -28 Organisational Climate -16 Emotionality 11 Organisational Climate -26 Sociability 13 Negative Work Experiences 12 Negative Work Experiences Emotion Focused Coping 12 Positive Work Experiences 9 Turnover Intentions 55 Individual Distress Noncertified Sick leave -11 Workplace Distress -06
Improving service delivery … Linking wellbeing and service delivery in a call centre environment Innovation 23 Leadership Organisational Climate Staff Well-Being Retention 10 Customer Experience 52
Organisational climate and safety behaviours … Neal, Griffin & Hart (2000) Safety Science 11
Days compensated after back injury … 23 42 Catastrophise Pain Severity 48 23 Impact On Life 42 Days Compensated -22 -20 Organisational Climate 67 Claims Management Hart, Norris, Wearing, Mc. Murray, Disler & Malinovskaya (1997) University of Melbourne 12
Return to work after back injury … 50 Catastrophise Pain Severity 48 23 Impact On Life 47 Days Compensated 41 -28 Organisational Climate -31 80 Claims Management -38 Return to Work Hart, Norris, Wearing, Mc. Murray, Disler & Malinovskaya (1997) University of Melbourne 13
Putting the pieces together … There are no magic silver bullets when it comes to improving organisational health. Nevertheless, we can develop a set of principles and practical tools that enable us to structure our thinking and improvement activities. Leadership Behaviours Cultural Behaviours Employee Wellbeing Organisational Performance Concerns and/or Opportunities ? Core Business Empathy Energy Change Management Clarity Enthusiasm Development Engagement Pride People Learning Passion Symptoms a strategic approach focuses on the causes, not the symptoms… 14
Dynamic equilibrium theory of stress … Stress is a systemic concept that may be observed when two conditions are met: a state of disequilibrium exists within the system of variables relating people to their environment; and this state of disequilibrium brings about change in people’s normal levels of psychological well-being.
Practical definitions … Distress refers to the negative feelings that people experience as a result of their work (e. g. , anxiety, depression, frustration, worry) Morale refers to the positive feelings that people experience as a result of their work (e. g. , energy, enthusiasm, pride, team spirit)
Emotion is the key to staff wellbeing … Employee Satisfaction Employee Wellbeing H i Go, go. . . Utopia M g o h r a l L e o Presenteeism w #$*!#! Low Job Satisfaction 17 High Distress Quality of Work Life
Police experiences and their wellbeing … Administration 84 Supervision 83 Communication 71 Resources 67 Workload 66 Work & Home Life 78 The Job Itself 73 Management 71 62 Administration 68 Outside Support 61 Workload 67 Coworkers 56 Customer Service 65 Career Opportunities 52 External 50 Amenities 58 Complaints 49 Coworkers 57 Frustration 49 Work Schedule 56 Activity 49 Equip. & Resources 56 Insecurity 48 Family 54 Personality Clashes 47 Dual Careers 35 Victims 29 Danger 24 Offenders 18 Victims 18 Decision-Making 22 Negative Experiences Positive Experiences
Consulting through balloons and weights … By focusing on the actual experiences that an employee has had over the past 1 -2 months, it is possible to identify the key factors that contribute to staff wellbeing and overall performance – without ‘loading’ the dice through a checklist or questionnaire. Organisational Health
Key drivers of motivation and wellbeing… Employee Development Causes Co-worker Interaction Feedback 50% of Individual Morale Goal Alignment 85% of Workgroup Morale Participative Decision-Making 80% of Workgroup Distress Role Clarity 45% of Individual Distress Supportive Leadership Work Demands 20 Explains
Building a quality organisational culture … Research in a wide variety of private and public sector organisations demonstrates that the following four cultural pillars underpin wellbeing, motivation and performance in all organisations: • Empathy (Supportive Leadership) • Clarity (Role Clarity) • Engagement (Teamwork, Empowerment, Ownership) • Learning (Feedback, Employee Development) Importantly, the relative strengths and weaknesses across these four pillars differs across teams. This indicates that improvement strategies have to be tailored to the specific needs of individual teams. Clarity Empathy Learning Engagement 21
Building the culture that underpins high performance … Supportive Leadership 20 40 Feedback 30 Employee Development Individual Morale Retention 24 72 47 22 33 40 Role Clarity Stress Claims 45 56 Workplace Morale Teamwork 44 38 Absenteeism 33 -41 39 Empowerment Workplace Distress Ownership 40 59 -42 33 -55 -21 30 Excessive Work Demands Leadership and Management Culture Empathy 22 Discretionary Effort 66 29 Clarity Engaging Learning Individual Distress Service Delivery
Understanding what is most important … Workgroup Distress Workgroup Morale Supportive Leadership 74 Coworker Interaction 74 Role Clarity Goal Alignment Participative Decision-Making 45 39 Excessive Work Demands 66 Supportive Leadership -60 Goal Alignment Participative Decision-Making -41 -19 23 Individual Morale -14 Role Clarity 15 -18 Individual Morale Individual Distress Supportive Leadership 52 Role Clarity 48 Employee Development 30 Supportive Leadership -42 Role Clarity Participative Decision-Making 16 Coworker Interaction 13 Appraisal & Recognition 12 -41 Excessive Work Demands 30
What is behind supportive leadership – a transformational approach… Focus on People Manages People Seeks Feedback Builds Relationships Supports Staff Focus on Development Coaches Staff Effectively Manages Change Values Training & Development Focus on Core Business Builds Own Skills being approachable Is Entrepreneurial knowing the problems staff face Creates a Quality Environment Provides Direction Effectively Manages Projects 24 Supportive Leadership supporting staff communicating well with staff can be relied upon
Moving toward an emotional intelligence framework … Research in a wide variety of private and public sector organisations demonstrates that the following four cultural pillars underpin engagement and performance in all organisations: Empathy the extent to which workgroup leaders understand the needs of workgroup members Clarity the extent to which workgroup members have a sense of purpose and know what is expected of them Engagement the extent to which workgroup members collaborate, share ideas and solve problems together, leading to shared Goal Alignment of workgroup goals Learning the extent to which workgroup members feel their efforts are being recognised and their capability is being developed through appropriate learning and development opportunities These four pillars underpin Goleman, Boyatzis and Mc. Kee’s (2002) emotional intelligence approach to leadership - their six styles of leadership include visionary, coaching, affiliative, democratic, pacesetting and commanding. 25
Why are the four pillars of culture so important? Wellbeing & Motivation Loyalty Behaviours 85% 60% Retention Absence Cost Customer Experience Sales Performance 25% 15% 50% 55% the leader and cultural behaviours that form the foundations of engagement and performance Four Pillars of Leader and Cultural Behaviour Clarity Empathy Learning Engagement 26
Behaviour change – the difficult part when improving wellbeing … Bringing about a change in the factors that contribute to employee wellbeing is not straightforward. Pre and post-test evidence, from a range of different improvement programs over the past 17 years, has demonstrated that action-learning programs that focus on behaviour change have the greatest chance of success. Minimum chance of success: Building knowledge (e. g. , sharing ideas, reflection, one-off training days, etc) Maximum chance of success: Changing behaviour (i. e. , if behaviour does not change, improvement does not occur) People can see and experience behaviour change in others, but they can’t always see and experience change in other people’s knowledge! 27
Key questions of leaders coming into the program … Improvement in organisational health should be strategic and holistic! Engagement: 1. Do staff have a shared view about the organisation’s strengths and weaknesses? 2. Are staff on board with the proposed improvement process? Clarity: 3. What are the organisation’s improvement goals? 4. How do these goals fit in with the strategic plan for the organisation? Empathy & Engagement: 5. Do we need to implement an action learning process? 6. How should we create project teams and champions? Learning: 7. What learning activities do we need to build into the process? 8. Do we need to review the leadership structure and roles? 9. Do we need to develop a vision and strategic plan? 10. Do we need to build empathy among leaders? 11. Do we need to improve meetings? 12. … what can I do personally to make a difference?
Improving the four pillars will reduce workers’ compensation costs … $1, 378, 783 saving over three years in one worksite of 80 people! Change Program 29
Key learnings … There is no ‘magic silver bullet’ that will enable us to improve wellbeing and performance. However, there are common factors in the leader and cultural behaviours that underpin success in all organisations: Distress and morale are central to staff well-being The quality of the organisational climate you create is critical to staff well-being and organisational performance Empathy, Clarity, Engagement, and Learning is the key to success High performing workgroups can only be established by working ‘collaboratively’ to build an engaging environment that motivates employees and delivers core business results Action-learning is the best way to create new behavioural habits
Our contact details… Dr Peter Hart Managing Director Insight SRC Level 9, 34 Queen Street Melbourne, 3000 Phone: +61 3 8611 0600 Email: hart@insightsrc. com. au 31 Roger Dingle Senior Consultant Insight SRC Level 9, 34 Queen Street Melbourne, 3000 Phone: +61 3 8611 0600 Email: dingle@insightsrc. com. au
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