Naveen K Visweswaraiah B N Y S

Naveen K. Visweswaraiah, B. N. Y. S. , Ph. D. Joint Director of Research, SVYASA University, Bengaluru Executive Director, Foundation for Assessment and Integration of Traditional Health Systems [FAITHS], Bengaluru anvesana@gmail. com

Concept of Self in Yoga Concept of Health and Disease in Yoga Concept of Stress in Yoga Concept of Triguna [functional qualities] Concept of Disease Specific Yoga Therapy Research on Yoga Therapy in India Integration of Yoga Therapy Yoga & Naturopathy as a System of Indian Medicine Education in Yoga Therapy Conclusions

PANCHAKOSHA VIVEKA TAITTRIYA UPANISAD ANANDAMAYA KOSA VIJNANAMAYA KOSA MANOMAYA KOSA PRANAMAYA KOSA ANNAMAYA KOSA

DIFFERENT YOGA PRACTICES ACT SPECIALLY AT EACH LEVEL – A SPECULATION…. Level 1 - Annamaya Kosa 2 - Pranamaya Kosa 3 - Manomaya Kosa Practice(s) Asana (postures) Kriya (Cleansing practices) Pranayama (yoga breathing) Dhyana (Meditation) Bhajan (Devotional sessions) 4 - Vignanamaya Kosa Srvana & Manana (Lectures) Nidhidyasana (Looking inwards) 5 - Anandamaya Kosa Continuing to be relaxed & blissful throughout the day

Manomaya Kosha - MIND Personality Traits – A; C; D Stress Response Pranamaya Kosha – Energy field Disturbed flow Less OR More Annamaya Kosha – Physical Body Somatization/Organic phase Faulty Digestion

CONCEPT OF STRESS IN YOGA Gita Model THINKING OF OBJECTS REAL OR IMAGINED DESIRE INFATUATION ANGER DISTURBED AWARENESS LOSS OF MEMORY MENTAL ILLNESS DESTRUCTION (DHYÁYATO VISHÁYÁN. . . ) (SANGAH. . . ) (KÁMAH. . . ) (KRODHAH----) (SAMMÔHAH. . . ) (SMRTI VIBHRAMAH. . ) (BUDDHINÁSHAH. . . ) (PRANASYATI. . . )

Stress

Sattva Rajas Tamas

1. Traditional Descriptions 2. Physiological Effects 3. Clinical Observations & Testimonials 2 1 3 YOGA MODULES FOR CLINICAL TRIALS

Should there be an emphasis on a specific class of practice? One practice or many? Should there be disease specific practices? What should be the sequence of practices? How long & how regularly does one need to practice for benefits? What should a study examine?

Asana Based • Iyengar Yoga • Vinnyasa Yoga • Bikram Yoga Pranayama Based • Patanjali Yoga • Sudarshan Kriya Yoga [SKY] Meditation Based • Sahaja Yoga • Vipassana • Brahmakumaris Raja Yoga • Omkara Dhyana • Kundalini Yoga

Bihar School of Yoga, Munger Krishnamachari Yoga Mandiram, Chenn Iyengar Yoga Institute, Pune The Yoga Institute, Mumbai Adhyathma Sadhana Kendra, New Delhi Brahmakumari’s Raja Yoga, Mount Abu Swami Vivekananda Yoga Research Foundation, Bengaluru Patanjali Yogpeeth, Haridwar

Clinical observation Case report Observational study-case series Matched Control study Randomized controlled study

SWAMI VIVEKANANDA YOGA RESEARCH FOUNDATION, Bengaluru www. svyasa. org PATANJALI YOGPEETH, Haridwar www. patanjaliresearchfoundation. com

SWAMI VIVEKANANDA YOGA RESEARCH FOUNDATION [SVYASA] BENGALURU, INDIA – A YOGA UNIVERSITY AN ADMINISTRATIVE BLOCK – SHAPED AN AUDITORIUM …. . AND A SCENE FROM THE BHAGVAD GITA LIKE ‘OM’

Physiological mapping of yoga techniques Therapeutic applications of yoga Yoga for perception & performance Yoga for Occupational health Yoga for Rehabilitation [Medical & Psychiatric] Higher states of Consciousness

Psychophysiology of Meditation ICMR Center for Advanced Research in Yoga & Neurophysiology Cognitive Science Initiative, Department of Science & Technology

number of attack of asthma scores for drug treatment and peak flow rate Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)1985; 291(6502): 1077– 1079 Peak expiratory flow rate (PFR) Stopped or reduced parenteral, oral, and cortisone medication J Asthma 1986; 23(3): 123 -37 degree of relaxation, positive attitude, and better yoga exercise tolerance tendency toward lesser usage of beta adrenergic inhalers Allergy and Asthma Proc 1998; 19: 3 -9

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) Radiation-induced DNA damage was significantly less in the yoga Integr Cancer Ther, 2007; 6(3): 242 -50 state and trait of anxiety, depression, symptom severity, distress and quality of life CD and lower levels of serum Ig. A Int J Yoga, 2008; 1(1): 2 -2 Int J Yoga, 2009; 2(2): 73 -9 psychological distress fatigue insomnia and appetite loss

31. 57% Perceived stress the high-frequency band of the heart rate variability spectrum (parasympathetic) low-frequency band (sympathetic), and the lowfrequency to high-frequency ratio Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2009; 104(3): 218 -22. Epub 2008 Intra Uterine Growth Retardation birth-weight is significantly higher complications of pregnancy (pregnancy-induced hypertension, intrauterine growth retardation, preterm delivery) shows lower J Indian Med Assoc, 2005; 103(1): 12 -4, 16 -7

In pts with Diabetes Mellitus FBG and Hb. Alc medication Complimentary Medical Research, 1992; 6: 66 -68 In healthy yoga practitioners fasting plasma insulin sensitivity higher low-frequency power and lower normalized high-frequency power Natl Med J India, 2008 Sep-Oct; 21(5): 217 -21 12% average metabolic rate 13% BMR BMC Complement Altern Med, 2006 Aug 31; 6: 28

In computer professionals frequency, intensity and degree of interference due to musculoskeletal discomfort, bilateral hand grip strength, the right hand tapping speed, and low back and hamstring flexibility in musculoskeletal discomfort and a decrease in left hand tapping speed Work, 2009; 33(3): 297 -306 In pts with low back pain in ODI scores Spinal flexibility spinal flexion, spinal extension, right lateral flexion and left lateral flexion J Altern Complement Med, 2008; 14(6): 637 -44

Hand grip strength of both hands Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 2001; 45(3): 355 -60 Br J Rheumatol, 1994; 33(8): 787 -8

in symptom scores, weight (10. 9%), FVC (64. 7%) and FEV(1) (83. 6%) Early conversion – level of infection Favorable radiological changes Respirology, 2004; 9(1): 96 -101

The Ramamani Iyengar Memorial Yoga Institute (RIMYI), PUNE, INDIA (1975)

Mental health of incarcerated women: a feasibility study. Nurs Res. 2010; 59(6): 389 -99. For young adults with rheumatoid arthritis J Pain Symptom Manage. 2010 May; 39(5): 904 -13. For breast cancer survivors Cancer Nurs. 2010; 33(5): 369 -81. ; Curr Oncol. 2008; 15 Suppl 2: s 109. es 72 -8 For chronic low back pain: trial protocol. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2010; 16(2): 76 -80; Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 20091; 34(19): 2066 -76. ; Pain. 2005; 115(1 -2): 107 -17 Hypertension Nursing. 2007 Oct; 37 Suppl Therapy: 10 -2. Integrating Iyengar yoga into rehabilitation. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2009 Sep 4

Depression: Osteoarthritis Med Sci Monit. 2005; 11(12): CR 555 -561. on gait in the elderly: Nursing. 2006 Oct; 36 Suppl P T: 18 -22. Rapid stress reduction and anxiolysis among distressed women Int Q Community Health Educ. 2006 -2007; 26(3): 287 -305. ; J Altern Complement Med. 2005 Aug; 11(4): 689 -93 Rehab for spinal cord injury Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2007; 4(4): 493 -502. ; Altern Ther Health Med. 2004; 10(2): 60 -3. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005; 86(9): 1830 -7. For adults with mild-to-moderate asthma: Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005; 94(5): 543 -8. Multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2004 Jun 8; 62(11): 2058 -64. Rheumatoid Arthrits. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2000; 26(1): 125 -32

THE YOGA INSTITUTE, Mumbai, INDIA YOGA FOR ‘HOUSEHOLDERS’

Beneficial effects of yoga lifestyle on reversibility of ischaemic heart disease: caring heart project of International Board of Yoga. J Assoc Physicians India. 2004 Apr; 52: 283 -9.

Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) in melancholia: a randomized comparison with lectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and imipramine. On J Affect Disord. 2000; 57(1 -3): 255 -9. immune functions and tobacco addiction. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005; 1056: 242 -52. P 300 amplitude and antidepressant response to Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY). J Affect Disord. 1998; 50(1): 45 -8.

On auditory evoked potentials (AEP) and visual contrast sensitivity (VCS) in epileptics. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2000; 25(1): 1 -12. On seizure control & EEG changes in patients of epilepsy. Indian J Med Res. 1996; 103: 165 -72. On stress management in patients of epilepsy. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1995; 39(2): 111 -6. ; J Assoc Physicians India. 1991; 39(8): 649.

Retardation of coronary atherosclerosis with yoga lifestyle intervention. J Assoc Physicians India. 2000 Jul; 48(7): 687 -94. Lipid profile of coronary risk subjects following yogic lifestyle intervention. Yoga Indian Heart J. 1999 Jan-Feb; 51(1): 37 -40. and coronary artery disease. Indian Heart J. 1998; 50(2): 227 -8.

AIIMS, New Delhi Studies on Yogic Siddhis 10 day yoga therapy for Hypertension; Diabetes Mellitus; Coronary Artery Disease Epilepsy and Irritable Bowel Syndrome SKY in cancer patients NIMHANS, Bengaluru Studies on meditation and pranayama Epilepsy Schizophrenia Depression

DIPAS, Delhi Studies on Yoga for Acclimatization in High Altitude Use of Yoga for armed forces Osmania University, Hyderabad & Delhi University, Delhi Series of studies on diabetes mellitus JIPMER, Pondicherry Studies on School Health Studies on pranayama

AIIMS, New Delhi NIMHANS, Bengaluru Yoga clinic Chennai Yoga for preventive diabetology HCG Cancer Hospital Network, Bengaluru Chennai, Hyderabad & New Delhi Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Advanced Center for Yoga for Mental Health Apollo Hospitals, Yoga center at the Dept. of Physiology Yoga for cancer care – Integrative Oncology Sir Gangaram’s Hospital, New Delhi & Narayana Hrdayalaya, Bengaluru Yoga for preventive cardiology & cardiac rehabilitation

Sponsored by Dept. of AYUSH, Govt. of India Tertiary care Hospitals Major Government Hospitals in New Delhi District Hospitals Taluka Hospitals 10 hospitals in the state of Karnataka – SDM Experience with Govt. of Karnataka Primary Health Care Centers Yoga & Naturopathy physicians at PHCs – Southern States

AIIMS Experience Physiology of Yoga for 1 st MBBS students A chapter on Physiology of Yoga in the text book of Medical Physiology by RL Bijlani JIPMER Experience Advanced Center for Yoga Education and Research National Seminar on Yoga in Medical Curriculum Physiology of Yoga for 1 st MBBS students Yoga in Community Health Subharthi University, Meerut Yoga in Community Health Devaraja Urs Medical College, Kolar

Since 1970 s – In patient/retreat based Yoga & Naturopathy based lifestyle intervention Organized medical degree in Yoga & Naturopathy in 18 medical colleges – Bachelors in Naturopathy & Yogic Sciences [BNYS] Over 150 Y & N hospitals across India Government regulation and research funding

Certificate Traditional Yoga Institutes Masters & Diploma courses in Yoga Therapy Several Universities across India MD in Yoga therapy MD-Yoga therapy [RGUHS] MD-Natural Medicine [RGUHS] MD-Yoga & Rehabilitation [SVYASA Yoga University] Ph. D. in Yoga SVYASA Yoga Univeristy

Dept. of AYUSH, Govt. of India Central Council for Research in Yoga & Naturopathy MD National Institute of Yoga • Dept. of AYUSH in every state in India National Institute of Naturopathy

Assessment Empowering Indian Yoga Institutes for research on yoga Sytematically evolve dosease specific yoga therapy modules Integration Sensitize Conventional medical community Involve medical community in evidence generation Thereby, evolve Evidence Based Yoga Therapy

A Bengaluru based not-for-profit research & educational institute

Traditional Yoga texts prescribe concepts and techniques for wellbeing and Healing Traditional Yogashrams and Gurus have evolved different therapeutic approaches There exists strong basic and clinical research on yoga by Indian Yoga as well as conventional medical institutes Pioneered Disease Specific Yoga Therapy India is a home for a very organized yoga therapy education Indian experience in physical & functional integration of Yoga therapy with mainstream medicine India publishes first PUBMED indexed journal on Yoga. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF YOGA [I-JOY]