NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER DAHLGREN DIVISION 47 th

NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER DAHLGREN DIVISION 47 th Navy Occupational Health & Preventive Medicine Conference (NEHC) US Navy Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel (HERP) Ship Survey and Certification Process 17 March 2008 Presented by: Robert Needy E 3 Assessment & Evaluation Branch (Q 52) DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT "D" - Distribution authorized to DOD and DOD contractors only; administrative/operational use (January 2007). Other requests shall be referred to Commander Dahlgren Division, (Q 50), Naval Surface Warfare Center, and 17320 Dahlgren Rd. , Dahlgren, VA 22448 -5100. No secondary distribution authorized without prior approval of NSWCDD (Q 50), Dahlgren, VA 22448 -5100. DESTRUCTION NOTICE - For classified documents, follow the procedures contained in DOD 5220. 22 M, Industrial Security Manual, Section II-19 or DOD 5200. 1 R, Information Security Program Regulation, Chapter IX (Chapter 17 of OPNAVINST 5510. 1 H). For unclassified, limited documents, destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of document.

Discussion Topics ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT HERP US Navy Safety Program HERP Safety Standards & Instruction Status US Navy Certification Ship List 2

HERP Ship Safety Program ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT HERP - What is it ? Documentation – Policy & Standards Used 3

HERP – Cause & Effects ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT HERP – Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel Cause Non-Ionizing Radiation (RF Emissions) Effects RF Radiation (Body Heating) RF Burn Excessive Body Currents - Induced - Contact (grasping) 4

Documentation Policy & Safety Guidance Used ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT Technical Warrant Holder: NAVSEA 05 W 43 (Mark Johnson) Policy/Guidance: – Do. DINST 6055. 11 – Protection of Do. D Personnel from Exposure to RF Radiation – OPNAVINST 5100. 19 D – Occupational Safety & Health (NAVOSH) Forces Afloat – NAVSEA S 9040 -AA-GRP-010/SSCR – Ship System Certification Requirements – NAVSEAINST 9700. 2 – Integrated Topside Safety and Certification Program (Pointing, Firing, and RADHAZ Cutouts) – OP 3565 Vol I – HERP/HERF Technical Guidance Handbook Baseline Standard: – Do. D & NAVOSH – Exposure Limits are derived from recommended limits established by American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/IEEE C 95. 1; which serve as a consensus standard of industry, scientific communities, government agencies and the public – IEEE C 95. 1 – Standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to RF fields 3 KHz to 300 GHz US Navy HERP Safety Programs Guided by DODINST 6055. 11 5

HERP – C 95. 1 Standard Characteristics ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT RF Exposure Limits Based Upon Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) “Time Derivative of Energy Absorbed in a Body Mass” SAR is a Thermal “Heating” Effect Currently C 95. 1 Sets SAR Threshold at 4 W/kg with a Safety Factor of (10) – 0. 4 w/kg “Above 4 W/kg, There is an Increasing Chance of Adverse Biological Effects, But at or Below, There is No Established Evidence of Harm to Health” A conservative Based Upon a Two Tier Standard: standard based upon – Controlled Environments – Occupational Areas – Uncontrolled Environments – Public Areas Biological Thermal Effects IEEE C 95. 1 Defines Exposure Limits in Terms: – RF Radiated Fields – V/m, A/m, m. W/cm 2 – Induced Body Currents – Feet/Foot (m. A) – (3 KHz to 100 MHz) – Contact Body Currents – Grasping Contact (m. A) – (3 KHz to 100 MHz) 6

HERP Safety Program ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT Ship HERP Survey Process Instrumentation Shipboard Measurements Control Measures Implementation NAVSEA Ship Certification Process 7

Ship HERP Mitigation Process ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT Guidelines/Instructions (IEEE C 95. 1 Baseline) DOD INST 6055. 11 Develop Administrative Control Measures: • Freq & Pwr Management • Post Warning Signs • Check Radar/SATCOM Cutouts • Provide On-Site Training & Report Evaluate Workplace EME On-Site Instrumented Measurements 8

Instrumented Measurements ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT Measurement Data used to Develop HERP Control Measures NAVSEA Dahlgren Division NSWC/Q 52 is the Technical Agent for Shipboard HERP Mitigation 9

Survey Instrumentation ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT NARDA EM Survey Meter Model 8723 D With Model 8723 D Isotropic Probe HOLADAY Model HI-4422 Electric Field Probe Model HI-4416 Readout Meter MISSION RESEARCH Model MG-4501 Current Meters (Induced/Contact Body Current) NAVSEA RF Voltmeter (RF-Burn) 10

Radiation Hazard Warning Signs used on Ships ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT Type 2 Type 1 Type 3 Type 4 When properly displayed • Identify Hazards • Inform Sailors how to avoid Hazards Type 5 11

Posted Warning Signs ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT Personnel Exposure Limit (PEL) Warning Lines RF Burn Warning Signs PEL Lines 12

RF Burn Issues ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT The Use of a RF Insulating Link Installed on Cargo/Boat Cranes Mitigates Potential RF Burn Safety Issue discovered onboard USS SAN ANTONIO (LPD 17) Measurements w/o Insulating Link LPD 17 Insulating Link Recently Purchased 2 -2 HF Antenna Crane Wire Source of RF Burn 13

CAMS RADHAZ Cutout ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT (2) (1) (3) Fire Control Director (1) NSSWS DIRECTOR (1) WSC-8 ANTENNA (2) CIWS MOUNT (3) AS-3081/WSC-1 ANTENNA Verify Radiation Cutout Zones Have Not Been Compromised 14

HERP Ship Certification Process ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT NAVSEA PEO’s SHIP TYPE COMMANDER EQUIPMENT MANAGERS NAVSEA 05 W 43 HERP WARRENY HOLDER SHIP CERTIFICATION (Policy & Direction) NAVSEA S 9040 -AA-GTP-010/SSCR CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENT NEW CONSTRUCTION SHIP ALTS EQUIPMENT UPGRADES Requirements: Schedule Money $ Request for Certification NSWCDL TECHNICAL & EXECUTION AGENT NSWCDL Ship Certification Draft Message forwarded to NAVSEA HERP SURVEY EXECUTED WITH SHIPS SUPPORT Certification Message Issued HERP CERTIFICATION ISSUED TO AFLOAT COMMANDS CONTROL MEASURES INSTALLED Ship Coordination RADHAZ AWARENESS TRAINING Support & Scheduling 15

RF Safety Instructions/Standards ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT IEEE C 95. 1 Revision Status IEEE C 95. 6 (0 -3 k. Hz) Introduction Do. DINST 6055. 1 Revision Status Tri-Service Panel (TERP) OPNAVINST 5100. 19 D OP 3565 Vol I Revision 16

IEEE C 95. 1 Revision Status ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT Safety Levels WRT Human Exposure to EM Fields 3 KHz to 300 GHz Initial Guidelines Were Published in 1993 Updated to Clarify Issues Associated with Body Currents and Re-Published in 1999 A Complete C 95. 1 Revision was finished in 2005, and published in 2006 ************************************ Controlled Environments safety limit have remain relatively unchanged. Uncontrolled “General Public” criteria have undergo significant changes in a effort to “lower” the limits in a effort to harmonize with ICNIRP. 17

EM Personnel Hazards 0 to 3 KHz C 95. 6 ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT Published in Oct 2002 Adverse Biological Effects: – Nerve stimulation causing pain – Inadvertent muscle excitation that may lead to work place injury – Alteration of synaptic activity within the brain – Cardiac excitation – Adverse effects associated with blood flow 18

Summary of C 95. 6 (0 -3 k. Hz) Guidelines (Basic Restrictions) ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT Two Tier Standard – Controlled Environment & General Public Basic Restrictions for the Various Regions of the Body – In-Situ Electric Fields (V/m) – Brain – Heart – Hands, Wrist, Feet & Ankles * Note: In-Situ “As Measured Within Biological Tissue” is Not a Field Measurable Quantity. Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) - Magnetic Fields (A/m) – Head & Torso – Limits Vary with Frequency Ranges (0 – 3 k. Hz) – Induced (feet) & Contact Current (grasping & touching) * Note: Compliance with the Magnetic Fields MPE, Which are Readily Measurable Quantities, Will Ensure Compliance with the“Basic Restrictions” 19

Summary of C 95. 6 (0 -3 k. Hz) Guidelines (Cont’d) ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT Environmental Electric Field MPEs for Whole Body: – Specifies Electric Field strengths for “General Public & Controlled Environment” exposures for various frequency ranges 0 to 3 k. Hz Induced and Contract Current MPEs for Both the “General Public, and Controlled Environment” the Following Conditions: – – Both feet Each Foot Contact grasp Contact touch Whole Body & Body Current MPEs Given Based Upon Numerous Special Considerations Listed in the C 95. 6 Std. 20

Do. DINST 6055. 11 Status ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT Baseline Do. D Instruction Was Published By the RFRWG/TERP in Feb of 1995 Which Adopted the IEEE Std. C 95. 1 Guidelines Published in 1993. A Revision to DODINST 6055. 11 is in Process, Which Will Adopt the Recently Incorporated Changes to the IEEE Std. C 95. 1 Published in April 2006 Along with a Recommendation for Do. D Services to Use the Newly Published IEEE Std. C 95. 6 Guidelines (0 to 3 k. Hz). The Current Do. DINST Does Not Provide Guidance Below 3 k. Hz. 21

RFRWG – Radio Frequency Radiation Working Group (Formally) Tri-Service Electromagnetic Radiation Panel (TERP) ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT Mission: – Technical Advisor to Do. D Environmental, Occupational and Safety Activities on all aspects of Radio Frequency Safety and Health Issues. – Interfaces with other Federal, national and international organizations. – Includes Experts from all Do. D Services in the areas of bioeffects research, operations, medical, and policy. – Prepares Do. D draft positions on Radio Frequency Radiation standards issues and Environmental Impact Statements. – Addresses Current Do. D media concerns. – Provides Representation on Do. D Safety Occupational Health Working Group under the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Environment, Safety and Occupational Health ) 22

OPNAVINST 5100. 19 D Status ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT Current Status: – Revised August 2001 to reflect current 1999 version of IEEE C 95. 1 (3 k. Hz – 300 GHz) Proposed Changes: – Revision in process to adopt guidelines listed in recently Published IEEE Std. C 95. 6 (0 – 3 k. Hz) C 95. 6 Guidelines are Needed to Avoid Potential Hazards as a Result of Emerging Technological Developments WRT Direct-Drive Electric Propulsion, Electromagnetic Rail Gun, and Electromagnetic Launched Aircraft Developments 23

OP 3565 Vol I HERP/HERF Revision Six ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT Handbook of Technical Guidance for Personnel & Fuel Hazards – Revision reflects current guidance provided by Do. DINST 6055. 11 – US Navy Shipboard/Aircraft/Shore emitter list updated – Technical discussion of HERP & HERF – Calculated HERP safe separation distances listed – HERF (Fuel) guidance remains unchanged – Revision published in 2003 – Volumes I & II published on same CD HERP HERF gasoline 24

Safety Status of US Navy Fleet ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT RADHAZ Baseline Surveys Conducted Onboard US Navy Ships (Post 1995) 25

US Navy Ship Status Baseline RADHAZ Surveys ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT Carriers – CV’s – CVN’s Combatants – Cruisers (CG) – Destroyers (DDG) – Frigates (FFG) Amphibious Warfare Command – LCC Amphibious Assault – LHA – LHD Amphibious Transport Docks – LPD 4 – LPD 17 Coastal Patrol Craft – PC Mine Warfare – MCM – MHC Submarine Tenders – AS Salvage – ARS Miscellaneous Command – AGF 26

US Navy Ship Status Baseline RADHAZ Surveys (Cont’d) ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT Underway Replenishment – AOE Submarines – – SSN 21 (SEAWOLF) SSN 688 (LOS ANGELES) SSN (VIRGINIA) SSBN Military Sealift Command – – – – T-AE T-AFS T-AGS T-AN T-AKR T-AO T-AKE 27

ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT QUESTIONS ? 28