Natural Resources Session Report of Earth Monitoring Workshop

Natural Resources Session Report of Earth Monitoring Workshop Advanced Network Conference/16 th APAN Meetings Busan, Korea 24 th-30 th August, 2003

Presentations in Busan q q q q q Messages from the 3 rd World Water Forum Precipitation Observation from Space in the Next Generation: Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Remote Sensing in Hydrology and Flood Hazard Monitoring Using Space Technology for Flood Disaster Mitigation in Thailand Passive Microwave Rain Rate Remote Sensing Technology for Hydrologic Data Acquisition and Monitoring Digital Asia Network Open. GIS Web Map Technology (WMT) and its Expected Application for Flood Prediction KMA Plans for the GPM Program APAN 2003 Fukuoka, Natural Resource (EM)- 2

Messages from the 3 rd World Water Forum Kazuko Misawa – NASDA/RESTEC q q q q q Dates： March 16 (Sun) – March 23 (Sun), 2003 Place: Kyoto, Osaka and Shiga, Japan 23, 995 Participants gathered at this international water meeting. 331 sessions on 31 interrelated themes in three venues. Kyoto Theme: ”Observing Global Water Cycle from Space” Osaka Theme： ”The Earth’s Water, Now and the Future – Initiatives by NASDA” 98, 417 people visited the exhibition, many of whom saw NASDA’s booth. Review of discussion at NASDA/NASA session ‘Observing Global Rain from Space’: 1. Reviewed the needs for joint research and observation of the global water cycle. 2. Heard the plans of the space agencies for provision of EO satellite data in support of these issues 3. Considered the challenges and needs of global and national programmes Results from participation - NASDA decided: 1. To promote the study of the Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) 2. To join the Integrated Global Observing Strategy (IGOS) Partnership APAN 2003 Fukuoka, Natural Resource (EM)- 3

Precipitation Observation from Space in the Next Generation: Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Tomomi Nio – NASDA/EORC q q q q Rainfall measurement: for food production, floods, droughts, climate models, etc. TRMM’s Achievements: § Accurate observation of rain distribution in tropical and sub-tropical regions § Diurnal, annual, and long-term variations of precipitation § 3 -dimensional rain structure (PR) § Accurate rain observation over ocean and land in equality (PR) § Improvement in weather forecasting with 4 -D data assimilation § Sea Surface Temperature (SST) estimation under clouds § Estimation of soil moisture (PR) Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Objectives § Improve ongoing efforts to predict climate. § Improve the accuracy of weather and precipitation forecasts. § Provide more frequent and complete sampling of the Earth's precipitation. Observation by a fleet of satellites with microwave radiometers, provides 3 hr. global coverage. Key for quick data distribution – reduce data processing and data transmission time delay. International WG for data exchange: GDa. WG – discuss content, metadata, networks, data exchange mechanisms, etc. GPM key point is data distribution § High performance networks - for fast collection and distribution § Easy utilization - standardize handling of data APAN 2003 Fukuoka, Natural Resource (EM)- 4

Remote Sensing in Hydrology and Flood Hazard Monitoring Dr. Yasuto Tachikawa - Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University q q q Roles of Remote Sensing in Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering: § Flood Hazard Monitoring § Observation of hydrological variables and water resources § Hydrology and Water Resources Prediction Observation of landslides with Landsat-7/ETM+, Terra/ASTER, and IKONOS images Hydrologic Observation § Dam reservoir water storage estimation § Precipitation § Surface temperature § Surface soil moisture Hydrologic Prediction § Hydrologic Model Development § Atmospheric Forcing (Model Input) § Initial Conditions and Assimilation What can we expect for future remote sensing? § Flood Disaster Monitoring - enhance both time and spatial resolutions § Hydrologic and Hydraulic Model Development – more precise Digital Elevation Models § Observation of Hydrologic Variables and Developing Forcing Data – precipitation, evapotranspiration, radiation, temperature, discharge, soil moisture and surface temperature APAN 2003 Fukuoka, Natural Resource (EM)- 5

Using Space Technology for Flood Disaster Mitigation in Thailand Dr. Pakorn Apaphant - GISTDA q q q q Flood Monitoring and Damage Estimation Disaster observation from space - floods, forest fires, earthquakes and other natural disasters Passive and active sensors Flood observation plans – time series of rise and fall of water Integration of water level measured at various stations for flood study Potential application of very high resolution satellite data - high and very high resolution data are valuable for producing and updating maps to provide accurate information on natural disasters (IKONOS and SPOT 5). 3 -D imagery can be generated to simulate actual terrain features Conclusions § Remote Sensing technology provides an efficient and timely information for disaster monitoring and complements the conventional methods for damage assessment and mapping. § Remote Sensing and GIS applied with mathematical models ensure more accurate prediction for flood disasters. APAN 2003 Fukuoka, Natural Resource (EM)- 6

Passive Microwave Rain Rate Remote Sensing Dr. Chris Elvidge - NOAA-NESDIS National Geophysical Data Center q q Advantages of microwave remote sensing from space § Penetration through non-precipitating clouds. § Highly stable instrument calibration. § Radiance is linearly related to temperature (i. e. the retrieval is nearly linear). § O 2 is uniformly mixed gas throughout the atmosphere. Disadvantages of microwave remote sensing from space § Larger fields of view (10 -50 km) compared to vis/IR. § Variable emissivity over land. § Polar orbiting satellites provide discontinuous temporal coverage. Why do We Need Observations in Lower Troposphere? The planetary boundary layer contains the seeds for weather. Conclusions § Passive microwave remote sensing has a unique capability to detect rain and estimate rain rates from orbit. § This complements ground based weather radar and precipitation measurements. § Algorithms work over water, may extend to land with more advanced sensors. § Satellite data from multiple systems can be used to get greater integration time, provide a more complete depiction of rain rate through the day and prediction of severe rain events. APAN 2003 Fukuoka, Natural Resource (EM)- 7

Technology for Hydrologic Data Acquisition and Monitoring Dr. Jongkook Lee - Data. PCS, Korea q q Goals § Wireless realtime hydrologic monitoring technology development for researchers § Realtime hydrologic watershed monitoring § Realtime disaster prevention monitoring § Realtime SOC monitoring and control § Coastal / river / natural environment monitoring Demonstration I - Hydrologic realtime monitoring § Realtime rainfall measurement § Realtime water level measurement § Realtime water quality measurement § Realtime AWS (Automated Weather Station) § Realtime evaporation, soil moisture measurement § Realtime wireless watershed webcam § Wireless Internet + PDA + WEB Demonstration II - A compact wireless internet realtime datalogger Demonstration III - Realtime coastal observation network § Wave and Tide measurement § AWS measurement § Coastal water environmental measurement § Lantern operation measurement APAN 2003 Fukuoka, Natural Resource (EM)- 8

Digital Asia Network Dr. Hiromichi Fukui - Keio University, Japan q q q Spatial Information as Social Infrastructure – urban planning, environment, education, etc. Digital Asia Proposal - To provide easy and effective sharing of Earth observation satellite data and spatial information among Asian countries for practical application and global change studies for sustainable development and global environmental protection. Major tasks in 2003 § Define Use Case (Pilot Projects) to promote DAN - Forest Fire Monitoring, Water Management, Natural Disasters § Establish steering committee to refine three year plan and Implementation plan DAN Promotion § Agree to collaborate with GOFC group under APAN EM WG § Study the possibility to collaborate with GRID technology (GRID WG) § Need to focus on specific application fields – Forest management or water management § Real time data delivery for meteorological application Next Steps § Training courses § Digital Asia Special Session in international symposiums - GMSARN, APAN, ACRS, Global Map Forum, Water Forum, etc. § Promotion (Outreach) – distribute brochure, WMS cookbook CD-ROM, WMS text § List potential for sharing of data and information § Join test-bed activities (use cases) APAN 2003 Fukuoka, Natural Resource (EM)- 9

Open. GIS Web Map Technology (WMT) and its Expected Application for Flood Prediction Shinobu Kawahito - NASDA/RESTEC q q q Web GIS（Web based GIS service) - provides shared and integrated data sources distributed on the WWW. Open. GIS standard is specified by Open. GIS Consortium (OGC) - standard interface to exchange geospatial data via the WWW. Example of Open. GIS systems developed in Digital Asia Network (DAN) § Forest fire monitoring prototype system § Agricultural monitoring prototype system (planned) Expected functions of Web GIS system for flood prediction § Give comprehensive flood information to public. § Provides base image of target area to give basic geospatial information (e. g. Land image, DEM, maps, and so on). § Provides time series of satellite images of target area to show the past and current status of flood. Conclusions § For flood prediction, providing various geo-located data sources is important, but further development of data sources & data use scenario is necessary. § Development of data providing/sharing systems is important. § Web Mapping is considered an effective method to share geospatial information. § Open. GIS standards are a useful method to provide a Web Map system using distributed data servers for flood prediction. APAN 2003 Fukuoka, Natural Resource (EM)- 10

KMA Plans for the GPM Program Dr. Myoung-Hwan Ahn - Meteorological Research Institute, KMA q q q The monitoring and prediction of disaster inducing phenomena including tropical cyclone and severe storms are critically important for the KMA’s mission § Tropical cyclone monitoring is mainly done by IR and Radar observation. There is clear advantages of MW data compared to IR. § Assimilation of precipitation data shows a promising improvement in the performance of numerical weather prediction model. § Use of highly accurate rainfall information in the global circulation model could increase the accuracy of seasonal outlooks of floods and drought conditions. The KMA objectives through the GPM program in Korea § The Calibration and Validation with ground observation data (AWS, Radar, Microwave radiometer…). § The Assimilation of GPM data into Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) Models. § Understanding of Severe Weather Systems (rain structure, energy cycle, …. . ). § Monitoring of tropical cyclone and severe storms with higher spatial and temporal resolution in real time. Future Plans/Issues § Enhancement of current observation network. § Improvement of quality control procedure. § Development of cal. /val. Procedure § Acquisition of DATA. § Possible responsibility of data processing and distribution. APAN 2003 Fukuoka, Natural Resource (EM)- 11