Native American Culture Groups Section 2
By the 1400 s Native Americans lived Throughout all parts of the Americas. Within each of the major culture groups, Different nations shared similar ways of life During thousands of years, Native Americans developed many different ways to get food, build homes, practice religion, and enforce laws They spoke more than 1, 000 languages. MAIN IDEA: The earliest inhabitants of North America developed unique and thriving cultures
Compare/Contrast Similarities Differences Each nation had sm. Group of leader who decided for the whole group Law enforcement Shared common ancestory Decided leadership No one could own land Language Power of spirits found in nature Food, dress, home, hair
Arctic The Aleuts Both in the far northern region Shelter is made from sod, driftwood, whale bone and animal skins Food: clams, berries and seafood Good weavers, made elaborate designs Both traveled in boats that held up to 12 passengers made from driftwood Religion was based on nature spirits and believed in reincarnation (both) The Inuits • Shelter is made from sod and skin tents • Food: whale, walrus and seal • Made things from soapstone • Storytelling and singing as part of their religion and to pass down history • Both groups mummified corpses
Sub-arctic • • Location: Canada and northern US Homes built mainly from sod Hunted moose, beaver, rabbit and deer Art/Recreation: played with dolls, played a version of basketball and a game of hoops and poles • Transportation: canoes and rafts • Religion: worshipped nature • Advances: great hunters of meat and owned large tracts of land
The Northwest Coast • Location: Pacific Northwest • Shelter: homes made from wood • Food: Salmon, bear, moose and seals and did not grow crops • Recreation: totem poles w/ animals to praise the spirits • Trans: canoes that hold 50 people • Religion: Worshipped animals • Advances: Carved items out of wood
California • Location: Along the Pacific Coast • Shelter: made huts out of basic materials including wood • Food: fished and tried plants • Recreation: build long wooden canoes, • Trans: used canoes and rafts and walked • Religion: believed in what leader believed and that the ground around them was sacred • Advances: Expert fisherman and made bows and spears to help them
Southwest • Location: pueblo area in what is today Arizona, New Mexico • Shelter: adobe, brick and stone • Food: corn, squash, beans and grew tobacco • Recreation: made wampuns, sand painting, pottery • Trans: traveled by river and horses • Religion: Believed in mother nature • Advances: jewelry making, Kachina dolls, crop growing, well making and canals
The Great Basin • Location: Dry desert area in north half of the intermountain region in present Utah and Nevada • Shelter: hogans (type of hut), long house, plank house and chickee • Food: seeds, berries, snakes, rodents and insects and lizards • Recreation: weaved baskets, kids played and planting • Trans: walked and rode horses • Religion: believed in powerful spirit beings based on mythology • Advances: basket weaving and horse riding
Plateau • • Located east on the NW coast Shelter made underground Food: Salmon, bugs, fruit and berries Art/Rec: Rock painting, weaving, carving and clothing • Trans: Used rivers • Religion: spirits inhabiting living and nonliving things • Advances: built good housing
The Plains • Located west of the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mtns. • Shelter: lived in tepees and lived in villages • Food: Ate corn, beans, squash, sunflower seed and grew tobacco • Art/Rec: Used buffalo bones for tools, cooking utensils and ceremonial purposes • Trans: Used horses from Europeans • Religion: No specific religion – Animists • Advances: Used weapons from Europeans and were good horsemen.
The Northeast Woodlands •
Northeast Woodland • Located in dense forest with fertile rivers in present day Iowa, Illinois, Wisconsin • Houses made of wood and tree bark • Food: grew corn squash and beans “three sisters” • Art/Rec: Beads, shells used for necklaces, made woven baskets • Trans: Made canoes from trees and traveled by foot • Religion: Believed in one great spirit • Advances: Canoes and good weavers
Southeast • Five main tribes: cherokee, seminole, chocktaw, creek, and chickasaw located in modern day southeast (TX, OK, MO, KY, VA, TN, AK, MD, FL) • Shelter: Adobe homes • Food: Hunted Buffalo, deer and bear, fished in streams and farmed • Art/Rec: artwork that represented their environment, played ball games: lacrosse, version of basketball • Trans: Traveled by foot and canoe • Religion: polytheistic • Advances: good sport player and made canoes, jewelries and kachina dolls
Review • Vocabulary (next slide) • What beliefs about land nature did most Native Americans share? • Think about one of the ten Native American culture areas. Think about the area’s physical environment. Draw a scene that shows that environment.
Vocabulary Define the following: • Shaman • Totem pole • Potlatch • Tepee • Iroquois League
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