National Water Quality Indicator for Canada Rob Kent National Water Quality Monitoring Office National Water Research Institute Environment Canada UN International Work Session on Water Statistics Vienna, Austria June 20 -22, 2005 Environment Canada Environnement Canada
Outline: • Background, context • Data generation - monitoring • Canadian Water Quality Index and Reporting out • Benefits and challenges • Conclusions Environment Canada Environnement Canada
Background • Consistent a top priority for Canadians • Increased public concern and decreased confidence in water safety • External criticism of current status • Commitment to better inform Canadians on national water quality • Respond to Canadian values on water: drinkable, swimmable, fishable, available Environment Canada Environnement Canada
A modern integrated approach …moving beyond “taking the sample” Functional Elements: 1. Program Design - objectives 2. Methods development, Lab support 3. Research support 4. Data management 5. Interpretive tools/guidance 6. Reporting, indicators and information systems 7. Partnerships / Outreach 8. National co-ordination Environment Canada Environnement Canada
Water Quantity Monitoring Environment Canada Environnement Canada
Water Quality Monitoring
National Roundtable on the Environment and Economy Environment and Sustainable Development Indicators • Understandable indicators to track whether Canada's current economic activities threaten the way of life for future generations • Track natural assets including the ecosystem services that are crucial to sustaining the economy in the long term • Water Quality: Canadian WQI as the Freshwater Quality Indicator Environment Canada Environnement Canada
The CWQI and Reporting Out Environment Canada Environnement Canada
Environment Canada Environnement Canada
National Water Quality Indicator Initiative Vision: Canadians will recognize and use the WQ Indicator as a trusted source of information on national water quality Sustainability of major water uses: 1. Source water for drinking Rob Kent, Janine Murray, Don Andersen 2. Water for and Chris Lochner recreation 3. Water for agriculture (livestock, irrigation) Water Quality Monitoring Branch 4. Water for aquatic life Institute National Water Research 5. Water for industrial uses Joint CWRA - Government of Canada Workshop: Building Relationships for Integrated Water Resource Management Ottawa, February 6, 2004 Environment Canada Environnement Canada
National Water Quality Indicator Framework Natural Environment Water Quality and Aquatic Ecosystems a. Protected areas (e. g. , National Parks) b. Areas impacted by human activity Human Health Water Quality and Human Exposure Rob Kent, Janine Murray, Don Andersen and Chris - Source a. Consumption. Lochner waters for drinking b. Recreation - beach closures, aesthetics Water Quality Monitoring Branch National Water Research Institute Competitiveness Water Use and Availability Joint CWRA - Government of Canada Workshop: a. Industrial uses Building Relationships for Integrated Water Resource b. Agriculture uses Management Ottawa, February 6, 2004 Environment Canada Environnement Canada
Canadian WQI § Scope (F 1) - number of variables not meeting water quality objectives § Frequency (F 2) - the number of times the objectives are not met § Amplitude (F 3) - the extent to which objectives exceeded. Environment Canada Environnement Canada
CWQI rating system Environment Canada Environnement Canada
F 1 Scope … s ic • Scope assesses the extent of compliance with water quality guidelines over the time period of interest. t parameters, s • F indicates the percentage of imet. whose guidelines areat not t S e. Failed Variables F = Number r of o of Variables X 100 Total Number M 1 1 Environment Canada Environnement Canada
F 2 Frequency … s ic • Assesses the frequency with which guidelines are not met. t individual s • F indicates the percentage of iguidelines (i. e. t tests which do not meet ta “failed tests”) S e F = Number of Failed Tests r o Number of Tests X 100 Total M 2 2 Environment Canada Environnement Canada
F 3 Amplitude … s ic • Amplitude assesses the amount by which guidelines are not met. t is • F 3 indicates the amount by which failed test values do not meet their guidelines, and is calculated in 3 steps. t a • The number of times an individual concentration exceeds a guideline is termed an excursion. t S When the test value must not exceed the guideline: e { r o M Failed Test Valuei excursioni = Guidelinej } -1 When the test value must not fall below the guideline: excursioni = Environment Canada Environnement Canada { Guidelinej Failed Test Valuei } -1
F 3 Amplitude (cont. ) • The collective amount by which individual tests are out of compliance with guidelines is calculated by summing the excursions of individual tests, and dividing by the total number of tests which failed guidelines. • This variable is referred to as the normalized sum of excursions, or nse. n t a t S ∑ excursionsi e r o M nse = i=1 t is … s ic # of tests F 3 is then calculated to yield a value between 0 and 100 F 3 = Environment Canada Environnement Canada { nse 0. 01 nse + 0. 01 }
Typical Applications § Selected parameters (~10) related to water use at monitoring site § Most appropriate ambient WQ guidelines or objectives (site-specific) § 3 yr average values from at least 9 periods; or stratified use of CWQI over specific periods (freshet, recession and base flow) Environment Canada Environnement Canada
Benefits and Challenges Environment Canada Environnement Canada
CWQI – What does it do? § Communication tool – transforms complex water quality data into understandable descriptions (e. g. , good, fair, poor) § Scientific rigor - maximum use of monitoring data § Consistent use and interpretation across distributed jurisdictions § Applies to all beneficial water uses i. e. , socioeconomically relevant § Amenable to multiple reporting scales - local, regional and national scales of reporting Environment Canada Environnement Canada
CWQI – From data to knowledge Sample Cu Hg NO 3 P NH 4 DOC Cl Cd Zn 1 0. 3 0. 4 3. 2 6. 3 0. 4 8. 5 6. 3 5. 3 2 0. 5 5. 2 0. 7 8. 5 8. 4 3 0. 9 4. 6 4. 5 4. 6 6. 3 4 1. 2 2. 3 0. 3 1. 3 9. 4 5 4. 5 5. 6 8. 5 2. 5 1. 5 6 0. 8 4. 8 0. 6 7. 4 4. 3 7 0. 6 3. 1 0. 4 9. 1 7. 6 8 0. 8 8. 7 0. 1 7. 5 0. 8 8. 7 0. 1 7. 4 3. 5 Environment Canada Environnement Canada
Environmental Sustainability Index 2005 (World Economic Forum; Yale/Columbia University research) Canada- Overall rank 6 th out of 146 countries Environmental Systems Environmental Stresses Human Vulnerability 4 / 146 104/ 146 2/ 146 Reducing Air Pollution Air Quality Water Quantity Reducing Water Stress Reducing Ecosystem Water Quality and Consumption Pressures Biodiversity Terrestrial Systems Science/Technology Basic Human Sustenance Private Sector Stresses Reducing Waste Environment-related Natural Disaster Exposure Reducing Population Pressure Natural Resource Management Social and Institutional Capacity 14 / 146 Environmental Health Responsiveness Environmental Governance Eco-Efficiency Global Stewardship 133/ 146 Participation in International Collaborative Efforts Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reducing Transboundary Environmental Pressures 6 22
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Expressing Results Nationally (NRTEE Report 2003) Rob Kent, Janine Murray, Don Andersen and Chris Lochner Water Quality Monitoring Branch National Water Research Institute Joint CWRA - Government of Canada Workshop: Building Relationships for Integrated Water Resource Management Ottawa, February 6, 2004 Environment Canada Environnement Canada
Spatial Framework Environment Canada Environnement Canada
Other Challenges § Integrating physical, chemical and biological measurements and processes § Spatial scale; aggregating results § Rob Kent, Janine Murray, Don Andersen Weighting of F 1, 2, 3 Lochner and Chris § Natural phenomena vs human impacts Water Quality Monitoring Branch National Water Research Institute § Best scientific judgement Joint CWRA - Government of Canada Workshop: Building Relationships for Integrated Water Resource Management Ottawa, February 6, 2004 Environment Canada Environnement Canada
Conclusion § Water quality indicator integrating all data into socially relevant “report card” – within distributed multijurisdictional model § Continuous improvement § Credibility through Murray, Don Andersen Rob Kent, Janine expert judgement and Chris Lochner § Start at integrating water quality and quantity measures into natural capital. Branch Water Quality Monitoring accounting National Water Research Institute § Key to behavioural change, strengthened measurement capacity of Canada Workshop: resource and enhanced Joint CWRA - Government Building Relationships for Integrated management performance Water Resource Management Ottawa, February 6, 2004 Environment Canada Environnement Canada
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