National Shoreline Data Content Standard Federal Geographic Data

National Shoreline Data Content Standard Federal Geographic Data Committee Standards Working Group February 2, 2015

National Shoreline Data Content Standard Ø Ø Ø Ø Need for a Standard Objective and Scope A Brief History of the Standard Development An Overview Progress Status Summary of Standard Key Points of Standard Data Model Questions Rehoboth Beach, Delaware. Photo: NOAA The dunes at Dillon Beach are dynamic ecosystems, shaped by wind and tides, reflecting seasonal changes. Photo: NOAA

Need for a Standard: Users and Uses of Shoreline • Users: At least 15 federal agencies, most coastal state and local agencies, academic institutions, and private companies are consumers of coastal mapping data: Federal Agencies: NOAA, USGS, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE), Federal Emergency Management Agency, U. S. Forest Service National Park Service, Department of Homeland Security (U. S. Coast Guard), National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Bureau of Land Management, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of State (Office of Ocean Affairs), U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and National Science Foundation. (Source: 2004 A Geospatial Framework for Coastal Zone: National Needs for Coastal Mapping and Charting) Uses: Multiple Applications: Navigation safety, Shoreline modification, Environmental protection (including precise coordinates of sensitive and protected areas), GIS applications in coastal zone management, On-shore development, Recreation, Fish habitat mapping, Energy exploration, development and production, Underwater exploration and construction, Offshore aquaculture, Planning and response to natural disasters and environmental emergencies, Coastal and ocean jurisdiction mapping and dispute prevention and resolution, Marine spatial planning, Legal and insurance applications, Homeland port security, Monitoring sea level change, Scientific research, National and international standards, Archaeology and cultural heritage, and Military activities. (Source: 2012 Irv Leveson’s Socio-Economic Study: Scoping the Value of NOAA’s Coastal Mapping Program)

Where is the Shoreline? North Carolina Image Date: 20140117

Where is the Shoreline? A diagram representing the spatial relationship between many of the commonly used indicators. (Adapted from Boak and Turner 2005)

Where is the Shoreline? MLLW 23 m 40 m Wet/Dry line Seaward Dune Vegetation Line 120 m 12 m Distances from MLLW in meters MHW North Carolina Instantaneous Waterline Image Date: 20140117 Lidar Date: 20140522

National Shoreline Data Content Standard: Objective The location of our national shorelines is a baseline for legal boundaries, nautical charts, and commercial and natural-resource utilization and management. Effective use of shoreline data requires a highly defined logical data structure that is interoperable, efficient and applicable to a broad base of government and private sector demands. Current practices have lead to a highly variable shoreline data infrastructure. This standard is intended to enhance the shoreline framework by providing technical guidance on shoreline semantics, data structures and their relationships to builders and users of shoreline data.

National Shoreline Data Content Standard: Scope The geographical scope to the proposed standard comprises shorelines within navigable coastal and inland waterways for the United States, its Commonwealths, and Territories. The functional scope of the standard includes the definition of data models, schemas, entities, relationships, definitions, and cross walks to related standards. Legal controversy has historically surrounded shoreline definitions because of the boundary implications. This standard will provide a framework inclusive of multiple shoreline interpretations, and will not attempt to resolve disputed terminology. Data discovery, transmittal, display, and delivery are not currently part of this standard. This shoreline standard is applicable to any U. S. organizations that generates or modifies shoreline delineations of the navigable coastal and inland waterways.

National Shoreline Data Content Standard: Brief History of Standard Development Ø First attempt to develop a National Shoreline Content Standard q 1997 by the Marine and Coastal Spatial Data Subcommittee q Challenges q Consensus among stakeholders. q Preponderance of issues. q Shoreline “Turf” Ø Result: q Positive step for Shoreline Geospatial Data Development. q Metadata Profile for Shoreline Data – • FGDC-STD-001. 2 -2001 Ø Progression – Content Standard

National Shoreline Data Content Standard FGDC Standards Reference Model Proposal Stage Step 1. Develop Proposal Step 2. Review Proposal Project Stage Step 3. Set Up Project Draft Stage Step 4. Produce Working Draft Step 5. Review Working Draft Review Stage Step 6. Review and Evaluate Committee Draft Step 7. Approve Standard for Public Review Step 8. Coordinate Public Review Step 9. Respond to Public Comments Step 10. Evaluate Responsiveness to Public Comments Step 11. Approve Standard for Endorsement Final Stage Step 12. Endorsement

National Shoreline Data Content Standard: Overview Progress Status Proposal Stage (October 2003 - March 2004) Ø Gathered and researched historic and current shoreline issues (Contractor) Ø Received guidance and input from the Marine and Coastal Data Subcommittee. Ø Developed a Project Requirements Document, a Project Plan, and initial project proposal Ø Presented the Proposal and approved as Project to FGDC / SWG in March 2004.

National Shoreline Data Content Standard: Overview Progress Status (Continued) Project Stage and Draft Stage (March 2004 – August 2006) Ø Continued to research and gather shoreline subject matter. Ø Identified Stakeholders and were proactive in their inclusion. q A call for Participants q Established Participant Roles • Standards Development and Modeling Advisory Team. • Reviewer; Contributor; Subscriber • In accordance with FGDC guidelines. q Held a series of meetings and workshops with stakeholders in: • NOAA Silver Spring, MD; Charleston, SC – 2 day workshop; Regular Contact Meetings • Standard forwarded to Shoreline List server Ø Working Draft completed August 2006

National Shoreline Data Content Standard: Overview Progress Status (Continued) Review Stage (March 2007 – Present) Ø Committee draft completed January 2007 Ø Final Draft completed May 2010 Ø Second public review draft completed March 2013 Ø Next Step to vote on Approving Standard for Endorsement

National Shoreline Data Content Standard: Summary of Standard Ø The standard addresses FGDC Expectations. q FGDC Scope q Future Focused q Technology Independent q Structured q Supportable q Integrated q Publicly Available q Evolving q Complete and Consistent Ø Identifies current challenges with National Geospatial Shoreline Data. Ø The standard provides a content model supporting a variety of shorelines.

National Shoreline Data Content Standard: Summary of Standard Ø Received comments during two rounds of Pre-Public Review Ø FGDC Members, Marine and Coastal Data Subcommittee Members, Florida Department of Environmental Protection, NOAA, NGA, Florida Marine Research Institute, USACE, and USGS Ø Revised version (April 2012) received comments Ø NOAA, USGS, US EPA, BOEM, USDA, FEMA, USMC, US Census Bureau, DOE, and U. S. Department of State Ø Provided FGDC Comment Sheet National Shoreline Data Content Standard (May 2012)

Most Significant Changes from the 2010 Version of the National Shoreline Data Content Standard • • • • 1. 2 Scope: Added navigable waters as the scope of the standard 1. 3 Applicability and Intended Uses of the Standard: Reworded 1. 5 Standard Development Procedures: Removed individual name in primary sponsor 1. 6 Maintenance Authority: Changed contact e-mail address 2. 1 National Shoreline: Added reference to VDatum 2. 2. 1 Shoreline Parent Table Elements: Added Water Level, Shoreline Indicator, and removed Record Boundary 4 Entities and Attributes Definitions: Removed Benchmark 6. 1. 1 Informative Appendix 1: Tidal Type Domain: Added additional domains 6. 1. 2 Informative Appendix 2: Orthometric Type Domain: Added domain 6. 1. 3 Informative Appendix 3: Ellipsoidal Type Domain: Added domain 6. 1. 4 Informative Appendix 4: Water Level Type Domain: Added domain 6. 1. 5 Informative Appendix 5: Horizontal Datum Domain: Added additional domains Removed Shoreline Definition Domains and added 6. 1. 6 Informative Appendix 6: Shoreline Indicator Domains Removed Boundary Reference Domain and Legal Status Domain 6. 1. 7 Informative Appendix 7 Source Type Domain: added additional domains 6. 1. 8 Informative Appendix 8: Classification System Domain: added additional domains (S-57 and C-COAST) and removed Army Corp of Engineers

National Shoreline Data Content Standard: Key Points Ø Shoreline is a commonly reference feature, but one that includes multiple definitions and is difficult to precisely map and keep up-to-date. Ø The geographical scope of the National Shoreline Data Content Standard comprises all shorelines of navigable waters within the United States and its territories. Navigable waters provide a channel for commerce and transportation of people and goods and as such are under the jurisdiction of the Federal Government. Ø The application of federal regulations are often challenged in litigation where the federal courts have the difficult job of determining whether a body of water is considered navigable and therefore under federal jurisdiction. The U. S. Supreme Court in 1979 (Kaiser Aetna vs. United States, 444 U. S. 164, 100 S. Ct. 383, 62 L. Ed. 2 d 332) recognized navigable waters as meeting any of the following criteria: (1) is subject to the ebb and flow of the tide; (2) is actually navigable; (3) has navigable capacity; and (4) connects with a continuous interstate waterway.

National Shoreline Data Content Standard: Data Model – Shoreline Parent Vertical_Datum Horizontal_Datum Geometry_ID Date Time Shoreline_Indicator NSSDA_H_Value NSSDA_V_Value Source_Type Source_ID Classification_ID

National Shoreline Data Content Standard: Data Model – Vertical Datum

National Shoreline Data Content Standard: Data Model - Horizontal Datum, Geometry ID, Date, and Time

National Shoreline Data Content Standard: Data Model – Shoreline Indicator

National Shoreline Data Content Standard: Data Model

Questions Contact Information: Doug. Graham@noaa. gov 301 -713 -2675 x 170