Nation-building in Singapore Student: Elizaveta Moiseeva
History of Singapore • 3 rd century – first records about Singapore • 14 th century – Singapore as an important port • 1398 – invasion by the Majapahit Impire • 15 th-16 th centuries – part of the Malacca Sultanate and then the Johor Sultanate 2
Modern Singapore • 1819 – Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles negotiated for the British to found a port • 1819 – 150 inhabitants • 1821 – 5 thousands • 1825 – 10 thousands • By 1849 – half of Singapore's population – the Chinese 3
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• 1942 -1945 – Singapore was conquered and occupied by the Japanese Empire • 1942 – Sook Ching massacre of Chinese ci vilians (about 70, 000 casualties) • 1946 – Singapore became a separate British Crown Colony 5
• 1963 – Singapore's merger with the Federation of Malaya to form Malaysia • August 9, 1965 – Singapore became an independent republic Singapore's People's Action Party Malaysia's Alliance Party 6
Nation-building • Nation is a large body of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular state or territory. (Oxford dictionary) Ethnical affiliation in Singaporean Government measures: ü policy of “multiculturalism” ü bilingualism policy ü religion diversity promotion (Religious Knowledge Programme, 1984 Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act, 1990) ü promotion of family values ü from the ideology of pragmatism to shared values ü policy of Total Defence, 1984 Chinese descent Malay descent Indian descent other descent 74. 1% 13. 4% 9. 2% 3. 3% 5, 535, 000 people: 60. 98% - citizens, 39. 02% - permanent residents Statistics from 2015 7
Lee Kuan Yew and his role in nation-building • 3 June 1959 – 28 November 1990 – in office as a PM • transformation of Singapore from a "third world to first world in a single generation“ • introduced pragmatic longterm social and economic measures • one of the top countries with regard to "order and security", "absence of corruption", and "effective criminal justice" 8
Thank you for your attention! 9
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