Nahr El-Bared Statistical Report Lebanon Support in partnership with Handicap International, UNDP, UNRWA and with the financial support of ECHO
Introduction ¡ The report gives a comprehensive overview of the general conditions of Nahr El-Bared’s IDPs and Returnees ¡ The report summaries the conditions of key sectors that have been impacted by the 2007 crisis ¡ The report aims at providing actors with key trends and indicators to be able to best understand the current situation of the camp population, to plan and to assess interventions.
Background ¡ Lebanon Support started its operation in NBC and Beddawi camp on May 25 th, 2007 ¡ LS’s operations were mainly focused on facilitating coordination between actors through effective information sharing and coordination ¡ LS launched its Emergency and Recovery Information System (ERIS) in the summer of 2008 ¡ ERIS website was launched in early 2009
Background (cont. ) ¡ ERIS Components: ¡ IDP & Returnee Monitor ¡ Tracks the mobility of IDPs and Returnees ¡ Needs Assessment System ¡ Conducts and collect needs assessment that best fit with the needs of the humanitarian and recovery community ¡ Aid Monitoring System ¡ Collects and conducts assessments that are aimed at addressing and studying the impact of humanitarian and recovery actions
Background (cont. ) ¡ The Nahr El-Bared Statistical Report is a grouping of key trends and figures out from Lebanon Support’s IDP and Returnee Database ¡ The Database is the major activity conducted by Lebanon Support under the ERIS’s Needs Assessment System ¡ The Database mapped the conditions and location of 5467 families which are relative to 27, 000 people (100% of the NBC Residents)
Methodology and Sample Characteristics ¡ Data for the IDP & Returnee Database was collected through three main surveys: ¡ Shelter Survey: collecting information about shelter conditions and the condition of infrastructure services ¡ Socio-Economic Survey: collected information about the general social and economic conditions of the household as well as of the individual members of the household ¡ Building Survey: conducted only in Nahr El-Bared and aimed at counting and registering shelter units in Nahr El-Bared camp, and identifying free shelter units and occupied units as well as their occupation and safety status
Methodology and Sample Characteristics (cont. ) ¡ Data was collected through a period of 12 months, an initial overall mapping took place which gave us a good idea about the location of the families all over Lebanon ¡ Lebanon Support identified 5 Major areas: North Lebanon; Beirut; Tyre; Saida; Bekaa ¡ North Lebanon being the host of the Majority of IDPs and Returnees was sectioned into 3 Main Areas: Beddawi Camp, Jabal El-Beddawi and Tripoli Suburbs, and NBC Camp.
Methodology and Sample Characteristics (cont. ) ¡ Surveys were designed to respect the status of the surveyed population e. g. questions regarding services in NBC were different than in Beddawi camp or in outside the camps, since the state of services is different ¡ Surveys tackled the situation of the household as a whole and the conditions of individuals within the household. ¡ A continuous process of data validation and audit were conducted to ensure the credibility of information collected
Methodology and Sample Characteristics (cont. ) ¡ For analysis purposes a sample grid of data was selected out of the whole database, focusing on: ¡ Key sectors of interest to the humanitarian and recovery community (Shelter, Health, Education, Demographics, Displacement and Return, Work and Employment, state of businesses in NBC) ¡ Representation of the sample of the current distribution of the NBC population based on status and geographical distribution ¡ The sampling of the cases in each geographic location was based on a random sampling
Methodology and Sample Characteristics (cont. ) ¡ Sample Characteristics: 60. 00% 50. 32% 50. 00% 50. 80% 40. 00% 30. 51% 30. 00% Sample 27. 35% 19. 15% 20. 00% 21. 84% Actual Number of Families 10. 00% Beddawi Camp Jabal El Beddawi NBC Adjacent Area
Report Structure ¡ Overview of the situation of Palestinian Refugees in Lebanon ¡ Overview of the Nahr El-Bared Crisis ¡ Trends of Displacement and Return for the NBC population (from 2007 till 2009) ¡ Demographic Composition of the Nahr El-Bared population ¡ Shelter Characteristics of NBC IDPs and Returnees ¡ Conditions of Services for the NBC IDPs and Returnees ¡ Health Conditions for the NBC IDPs and Returnees ¡ State of Education for NBC IDPs and Returnees ¡ Work and Employment ¡ Conditions of Businesses in NBC Adjacent Area
Key Trends and Findings (Presentation Plan) 1. Trends of Displacement and Return for the NBC population (from 2007 till 2009) 2. Demographic Composition 3. Shelter Characteristics 4. Conditions of Services 5. Health Conditions 6. State of Education 7. Work and Employment 8. Conditions of Businesses in NBC Adjacent Area
Key Trends and Findings: Displacement and Return ¡ At the beginning of the crisis, most of the Nahr El. Bared families moved into Beddawi Camp ¡ Shelter interventions were the main action that stabilized the mobility of the IDP population and reduced over-crowdedness ¡ UNRWA rent subsidy program had a considerable impact at reducing crowdedness and in enhancing shelter conditions for a large section of the IDP population 1
Key Trends and Findings: Displacement and Return ¡ The opening of the Adjacent Area, was a trigger for many families who were displaced outside the north, to go back to North Lebanon (through the rent subsidy program) as it became a buffer zone for families to wait for their turn to return. ¡ The delays encountered in the reconstruction process have created a category within the population lingering between displacement and return, which we called in the report as “Semi. Returnees” 1
Key Trends and Findings: Displacement and Return 1
Key Trends and Findings: Displacement and Return ¡ Shelter interventions are essential in stabilizing emergency situations and limits the “extension” of displacement, this is more specifically true in Urban settings ¡ Rent subsidy programs can ensure more freedom in the selection of shelter and lowers distress among the displaced population ¡ Currently (October 2009): 3052 (55. 58%) families, and is continually increasing as more temporary shelters are being provided and as services are more and more being centralized in NBC. Beddawi camp at that same date hosted 1009 (18. 45%) families, while Jabal el Beddawi hosts 964 (17. 63%) families, and Tripoli hosts 184 (3. 36%) families, and the rest of Lebanon host 258 (4. 71%) families. 1
Key Trends and Findings: Demographic Composition ¡ The sex ratio of the Nahr El Bared Population is approximately 1 to 1 for Displaced and Returnees ¡ The Palestinian community of Nahr El-Bared has a high birth rate and low elderly mortality ¡ the average family size of NBC families is 4. 93 members per family, ¡ The most frequent family size being families composed of 2 members. Yet those may be considered as “newly wed couples”, which suggests that these new families will soon bare children, thus it would be important to mention, that if these new families are excluded from the statistics we notice that the highest frequency is for families with 4 and 5 family members. 2
Key Trends and Findings: Demographic Composition 350 Frequency of Families per Family Size (NBC Adjacent Area) 300 250 200 Number of Families 150 100 50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12+ 2
Key Trends and Findings: Demographic Composition Early Marriage ¡ A random sample (25. 9% of Total Number of Families) was selected out of all regions: ¡ 2. 02% of married individuals are under 18 years old; yet it is important to differentiate between Male and Female early marriage, early marriage for girls constitute 95. 8% of early marriages, while for boys it is 4. 16%. 2
Key Trends and Findings: Shelter Characteristics ¡ The Majority of the population is living under or equal to the 10 m 2/person average (45. 95% in NBC Adjacent Area, 49. 67% in Jabal El-Beddawi and 58. 09% at Beddawi Camp) ¡ People who live in Jabal El-Beddawi and NBC show the highest vulnerability in terms of shelter index, with 26. 32% in NBC Adjacent Area and 21. 73% in Jabal El Beddawi living under the 5 m 2/person average 3
Key Trends and Findings: Shelter Characteristics (Crowdedness Index) 50 3 m 2/person Index in all areas 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 and less 6 -10 11 -15 16 -20 21 -25 NBC Jabal El-Beddawi 26 -30 31 -35 36 -40 Beddawi Camp 41 -45
Key Trends and Findings: Shelter Characteristics (Rooms/Person Index) 3 12 9. 59 10 8. 47 7. 98 8 6. 25 6 5. 38 4. 41 4 3. 96 3. 62 3. 87 2 0 NBC Adjacent Persons/Bathroom Area Jabal El-Beddawi Persons/Room Beddawi Camp Persons/Kitchen
Key Trends and Findings: Shelter Characteristics (Shelter Types) 3 80. 00 70. 08 70. 00 61. 12 60. 00 50. 00 40. 00 39. 31 34. 79 29. 47 30. 00 29. 60 22. 72 20. 00 8. 37 10. 00 0. 31 0. 00 Apartment NBC (%) House 4. 09 0 0 Garage & UNRWA Emergency Under. Ground Shelters Jabal El-Beddawi (%) Wearhouse. Camp (%) Beddawi
Key Trends and Findings: State of Services (Electricity) 4 80. 00% 70. 00% NBC Adjacent Area Jabal El-Beddawi Camp 60. 00% 50. 00% 40. 00% 30. 00% 20. 00% 10 Hours or 12 Hours/Day 14 Hours/Day 16 Hours/Day 18 Hours/Day 20 Hours/Day Less/Day and above NBC Adjacent Area Jabal El-Beddawi Camp
Key Trends and Findings: State of Services (Electricity Cost (EDL)) 120. 00% 100. 00% 4 100% 80. 00% 60. 00% 40. 00% 20. 00% NBC Adjacent area Jabal El-Beddawi 39. 27% 33. 33% 38. 36% 17. 59% 16. 67% 7. 31% Beddawi Camp 0. 00% 20$ or less 21$ to 40$ 41$ to 60$ 61$ to 100$ Above 100$ 56% of respondents in NBC Adjacent Area, at the time of the survey, stated having an electric meter
Key Trends and Findings: State of Services (Water) ¡ For IDP families in Beddawi camp water provision is at 6 hours per day for 73. 62% of the population; The Majority of families in Beddawi Camp stated that they consume 1000 Liters/day of service water; 49% of families buy drinking water ¡ 47. 39% of families in Jabal El-Beddawi receive 2 to 6 hour service water coverage; The Majority of these families consume between 201 and 500 Liters/day of service water; and 42% of these families buy their drinking water ¡ Service water coverage for 60% of the population in NBC Adjacent Area is at 24 hours/day; 36. 91% of families consume between 400 and 750 Liters/day of service water and 30. 43% consume more than 800 Liters/Day; 4
Key Trends and Findings: Health Characteristics ¡ 52. 72% of Pw. Ds in Beddawi camp and 57. 72% in Jabal El-Beddawi and 53. 29% in NBC Adjacent Area have a Mobility-related disability ¡ The most frequent chronic disease within the NBC population is Blood Pressure and Cardio-Vascular Diseases, and between 13 to 16% of the population stated having at least one chronic disease. 5
Key Trends and Findings: Education 12. 83% 10. 23% Illiterate Vocational Training 1. 52% 4. 92% University Secondary 4. 55% 5. 78% Log. (Fem ale) 7. 24% 6. 17% Intermediary 27. 54% 32. 56% 36. 42% Primary Reads/Writes 0. 00% 33. 71% 7. 61% 8. 93% 10. 00% 20. 00% 30. 00% 40. 00% 6
Key Trends and Findings: Work and Employment ¡ As a result of the war the working population within the NBC IDPs in Beddawi Camp have decreased by 30. 02% while the Non-Working population have increased by 20. 76% ¡ The same trend is found within the IDP population in Jabal El-Beddawi, where 18. 87% were working before the war, and dropped to 13. 74% after the war while people who are “not working”, increased from 27. 10% to 31. 55% after the war. ¡ The picture in NBC adjacent area is less grim as the working population decreased by 9. 9% while the non-working population has increased by 7. 91% (due to concentration of livelihood projects)
Key Trends and Findings: Work and Employment (Impact of War on Type of Employment) -69. 43% Owns a Business Poly. (NBC Adjacent Area) Work for his own Employed/Waged Labor Daily Worker 94. 25% -80. 00% -60. 00% -40. 00% -20. 00% 40. 00% 60. 00% 80. 00% 100. 00%120. 00% 6
Key Trends and Findings: Work and Employment (Income) 35 30 25 20 6 30. 8 19. 79 13. 24 15 8. 48 10 5 0 Before war 250000 -299000 (%) After war (%) 350000 -399000 Poly. (Before war (%)) 450000 -499000 550000 -750000
Key Trends and Findings: Work and Employment 6 (Gender and Employment – Pre-War) 61. 54% 70. 00% 59. 20% 60. 00% 50. 00% 40. 00% 30. 00% 20. 00% 10. 00% 5. 62% 0. 72% 0. 00% Male Not Working due to other commitments Housewife/Househus band Working from Home Unable to Work Unemployed but not looking Unemployed but looking Working Female
Key Trends and Findings: Work and Employment (Gender and Employment – War Impact) 70. 00% 62. 59% 62. 51% 60. 00% 50. 00% 40. 00% 34. 87% 30. 00% 35. 18% Pre-War Post-War 20. 00% 7. 19% 10. 00% 7. 68% 0. 00% Male Female Total (Men & Women) 6
Key Trends and Findings: Work and Employment (Gender and Employment – War and Income) 70. 00% Pre-War Post- War 80. 00% 60. 00% 50. 00% 40. 00% 20. 00% 30. 00% 20. 00% -20. 00% 10. 00% -40. 00% 6 0. 00% Below 350, 000 LBP 350, 000 to 500, 000 Above 500, 000 LBP 250, 000 300, 000 350, 000 400, 000 450, 000 500, 000 550, 000 Above to to 750, 000 299, 000 349, 000 399, 000 449, 000 499, 000 549, 000 750, 000 LBP Pre-War LBP Male - Pre-War LBP Female -LBP LBP The impact of the war on women in terms of income has been negative in the lowincome category and in the high-income category, -5. 18% (below 350, 000 LBP) and -15. 97% (Above 500, 000 LBP) respectively; while in the medium-income level there has been a considerable increase of women (62. 82%). As for men the impact of the war was negative in the low and medium income categories, while it is positive for the high-income category.
Key Trends and Findings: Work and Employment (War Impact on Income categories per Education Level) 6 100. 00% 80. 00% 60. 00% 40. 00% Below 350, 000 20. 00% 350, 000 to 500, 000 0. 00% Primary Education -20. 00% -40. 00% -60. 00% -80. 00% Intermediary Eduation Above 500, 000 Secondary Education University Education Vocational Training
Key Trends and Findings: State of Businesses in NBC 75 - 79 65 - 69 55 - 59 45 - 49 Female 35 - 39 Male 25 - 29 15 - 19 120 70 20 30 6
Key Trends and Findings: State of Businesses in NBC (Levels of Employment) 70 6 63. 67 60 50 40 25. 76 30 20 7. 53 10 1. 98 0. 4 0. 26 7 to 10 11 to 15 16 to 20 Above 30 workers 0 0 worker, operated by owner 1 to 2 3 to 6
Key Trends and Findings: State of Businesses in NBC (Monthly Fees for workers in Businesses) 40 Monthly Fees 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 L 00 00 00 15 50 e or M 10 00 00 0 th an -1 -1 00 10 75 0 L LL 00 00 50 -7 00 10 45 -4 00 10 25 LL L 00 00 50 50 -2 00 00 10 0 L 0 L 0 L 00 00 00 10 w lo Be L L LL 0 6
Key Trends and Findings: State of Businesses in NBC (General Observations) ¡ The difficulty that the biggest majority (97. 64%) encounters is Army/Security barriers; while the major obstacle/problem or cause that's stopping their business from growing is the provision supplies. ¡ 18. 3% of the surveyed businesses stated they received grants while only 2. 2% stated to have received a loan ¡ Most workers in businesses are males, and only 15% of businesses employ one or more female workers, while 86% employ one or more male workers ¡ The majority of Business operators/owners (44. 51%) has reached the intermediary (complementary) level of education and only 0. 35% have a master’s degree. 16. 53% have attained secondary education, and only 7. 32 have attained university education 6
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