n p MICE in 2011 MICE The International

n p MICE in 2011 MICE The International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment MANX meeting 15 July 2008 Alain Blondel 1

MICE Collaboration life can be explored here: http: //mice. iit. edu no credit card or ID required See in particular « weekly news » for recent developments and « collaboration meetings » for overview See MICE proposal and technical reference document for more details MANX meeting 15 July 2008 Alain Blondel 2

IONIZATION COOLING principle: this will surely work. . ! reality (simplified) …. maybe… Cooling is necessary for Neutrino Factory and crucial for Muon Collider. Delicate technology and integration problem Need to build a realistic prototype and verify that it works (i. e. cools a beam) Can it be built? Operate reliably? What performance can one get? Difficulty: affordable prototype of cooling section only cools beam by 10%, while standard emittance measurements barely achieve this precision. Solution: measure the beam particle-by-particle state-of-the-art particle physics instrumentation will test state-of-the-art accelerator technology. MANX meeting 15 July 2008 Alain Blondel 3

MANX meeting 15 July 2008 Alain Blondel 4

10% cooling of 200 Me. V/c muons requires ~ 20 MV of RF single particle measurements => measurement precision can be as good as D ( e out/e in ) = 10 -3 never done before Coupling Coils 1&2 Spectrometer solenoid 1 Matching coils 1&2 Focus coils 1 Focus coils 2 Focus coils 3 Matching coils 1&2 Spectrometer solenoid 2 Beam PID TOF 0 Cherenkovs TOF 1 Variable Diffuser Incoming muon beam RF cavities 1 RF cavities 2 Liquid Hydrogen absorbers 1, 2, 3 Downstream TOF 2 particle ID: KL and SW Calorimeter Trackers 1 & 2 measurement of emittance in and out MANX meeting 15 July 2008 Alain Blondel 5

Challenges of MICE: (these things have never been done before) 1. Operate RF cavities of relatively low frequency (201 MHz) at high gradient (nominal 8 MV/m in MICE, 16 MV/m with 8 MW and LN 2 cooled RF cavities) in highly inhomogeneous magnetic fields (1 -3 T) dark currents (can heat up LH 2), breakdowns 2. Hydrogen safety (substantial amounts of LH 2 in vicinity of RF cavities) 3. Emittance measurement to relative precision of 10 -3 in environment of RF bkg requires low mass (low multiple scattering) and precise tracker fast and redundant to fight dark-current-induced background precision Time-of-Flight for particle phase determination (± 3. 60 = 50 ps) complete set of PID detectors to eliminate beam pions and decay electrons and… 4. Obtaining (substantial) funding for R&D towards a facility that is not (yet) in the plans of a major lab MANX meeting 15 July 2008 Alain Blondel 6

Requirements on detectors for MICE: 1. Must be sure to work on muons 1. a use a pion/muon decay channel with 5 T, 5 m long decay solenoid 1. b reject incoming pions and electrons TOF over 6 m with 70 ps resolution+ threshold Cherenkov 1. c reject decays in flight of muons downstream PID (TOF 2 + calorimeter set up) 2. Measure all 6 parameters of the muons x, y, t, x’, y’, z=E/Pz tracker in magnetic field, TOF 3. Resolution on above quantities must be better than 10% of rms of beam at equilibrium emittance to ensure correction is less than 1%. + resolution must be measured 4. Detectors must be robust against RF radiation and field emission Design of MICE detectors and beam test results have satisfied the above requirements MANX meeting 15 July 2008 Alain Blondel 7

Aspirational MICE Schedule as of April 2008 STEP II Febuary-July 2008 UK PHASE I September 2008 STEP III/III. 1 November 2008 to summer 2009 UK PHASE II STEP IV Delivery of 1 st FC october 2009! STEP V spring 2010 STEP VI MANX meeting 15 July 2008 Alain Blondel Q 4 2010 -2011 8

ISIS MICE Hall R 5. 2 MANX meeting 15 July 2008 Alain Blondel 9 9

THE MICE COLLABORATION -130 collaborators- Universite Catholique de Louvain, Belgium University of Sofia, Bulgaria The Harbin Institute for Super Conducting Technologies PR China INFN Milano, INFN Napoli, INFN Pavia, INFN Roma III, INFN Trieste, Italy KEK, Kyoto University, Osaka University, Japan NIKHEF, The Netherlands CERN Geneva University, Paul Scherrer Institut Switzerland Brunel, Cockcroft/Lancaster, Glasgow, Liverpool, ICL London, Oxford, Darsbury, RAL, Sheffield UK Argonne National Laboratory, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Fairfield University, University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Fermilab, Illinois Institute of Technology, Jefferson Lab, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, UCLA, Northern Illinois University, University of Iowa, University of Mississippi, UC Riverside, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Muons Inc. USA MANX meeting 15 July 2008 Alain Blondel 10

MICE Collaboration across the planet Coupling Coils 1&2 Focus coils Spectrometer solenoid 2 Spectrometer solenoid 1 RF cavities Beam PID TOF 0, TOF 1 Cherenkovs Variable Diffuser RF power Liquid Hydrogen absorbers 1, 2, 3 Incoming muon beam MANX meeting 15 July 2008 Alain Blondel Downstream particle ID: TOF 2, KL SW Calorimete Trackers 1 & 2 11

Beam Line Runs at ~1 Hz (1/50 of ISIS 50 Hz) Nominally 600 muons in 1 ms time gate fine structure of ~50 ns width separated by 300 ns (3 MHz ISIS RF) Pmuon = 140 Me. V/c to 240 Me. V/c Dp/p= 15% Emittance from 2 -3 to 10 pi. m. mrad Purity >99% muons Range in momentum could be slightly extended up to 400 Me. V/c(purity? ) More muons is probably excluded … except by rebuilding the target for higher rep rate Instrumentation -- 2 Cherenkovs for high mom. mu/pi separation -- TOF with 50 ps resolution from Q 6 to Q 9 (x, y, t coordinates for each particle) -- Beam profile monitors -- Diffuser with 5 different thicknesses of lead MANX meeting 15 July 2008 Alain Blondel 12

MANX meeting 15 July 2008 Alain Blondel 13

Trackers two identical trackers with 5 planes of 3 -views, 440 m point resolution achieved scintillating fiber detector read-out with VPLCs (7 -fold ganging of 350 m diameter fibers) Embedded in 4 T solenoid 40 cm inner bore with 5 tuneable coils providing constant B field + optical match. TOF + tracker can measure 6 D emittance to sub-% precision for MICE eq. emittance. ~330 mm 1000 mm MANX meeting 15 July 2008 Alain Blondel 14

Spectrometer solenoids II I MANX meeting 15 July 2008 Alain Blondel 15

KL calorimeter L=90 60 tracker L=60 65 SW calorimeter Spectrometer solenoid TOF and shielding MANX meeting 15 July 2008 Alain Blondel 16

MICE DAQ & Trigger Gva, Sofia, UK, IIT, Osaka data rate ~1 MHz … DATE framework (ALICE expt @cern) Readout by VME Trigger signals and run modes established Control and monitoring established (Daresbury) Controls working for beam magnets, March 14 2008 Electronic Logbook, March 15 2008 DAQ working in MICE Stage 1, 4 April 2008 MANX meeting 15 July 2008 Alain Blondel 17

software, analysis & DATA Challenge 1. Basic simulation and reconstruction of MICE is complete for the various steps Both G 4 MICE and MUCOOL are used. 2. Putting it all together to do analysis (particle reconstruction, particle ID algorithms Single particle amplitude and emittance calculations, etc…) 3. Shortage of hands (general in MICE) is particularly felt here. Example Bias on emittance due to muon decays Would be ~0. 5% (i. e. 5% error on cooling meast) Reduced to <<0. 1% by PID+ tracker This uses tracker & TOF info and PID signals +Neural Network MANX meeting 15 July 2008 Alain Blondel 18

MANX meeting 15 July 2008 Alain Blondel 19

Cooling infrastructure ---Or 8 MW of RF power at 201. 45 MHz 8 RF cavities (40 cm long, pill box with Be windows, 22 cm radius aperture) can provide 23 MV at room temperature and 8 MV/m 50% more at Liquid N 2 temperature. ----- three Liquid H 2 absorbers 35 cm long and 30 cm in diameter H 2 system three focus coil pairs coupling coils MANX meeting 15 July 2008 Alain Blondel 20

Beyond PHASEII -- Ideas for « Phase III » ONCE PHASEII will be completed, having equipped the MICE hall with -- spectrometers, TOF and PID able to measure emittance to 10 -3 -- 8 MW of 201 MHz RF power -- 23 MV of RF acceleration -- Liquid Hydrogen infrastructure and safety MICE can become a facility to test new cooling ideas. Such ideas were proposed: A. with the existing MICE hardware to test optics beyond the neutrino Factory study II: non flip optics, low-beta optics (down to 5 cm vs 42 cm nominal) other absorber materials He, Li. H, etc. . LN 2 cooled RF cavities B. with additional hardware: -- A. Skrinsky to test a lithium lense available at Novosibirsk -- Muons Inc. to test a section of helicoidal channel (MANX) -- B. Palmer proposed a poor man’s concept of 6 D cooling MANX meeting 15 July 2008 Alain Blondel 21

CONCLUSIONS The cooling infrastructure at RAL will represent a considerable asset (est. 30 M£) To which should be added know how, software etc… (unvaluable) In 2001 we thought this could be made in 3 years! We are grateful for Muons Inc. help in the present program and are welcoming discussions and plans for the future. MANX meeting 15 July 2008 Alain Blondel 22