n m p MICE The International Muon Ionization

n m p MICE The International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel 1

1998: neutrino disappearance is established by Super. Kamioka. NDE experiment 1998: first design ideas for muon collider and Neutrino Factory Everything was innovative! Perhaps the most esoteric part was Muon Ionization Cooling. How can one believe this will work? Optics is “different” and poorly understood Never been built No experience in such a thing: How much would it cost? What could go wrong? What is the performance of a real system? Bob Palmer NUFACT 1999 MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel 2

Neutrino Factory has gone a way…. 1998 MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel 3

Intense K physics Intense Low-E muons Neutrino Factory Higgs(es) Factory(ies) Energy Frontier -> 5 Te. V circa 1997 -1999 US, Europe, Japan MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel Possible layout of a muon complex on 4 the CERN site.

ISS Baseline to scale… still fits within e. g. CERN, FNAL MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel 5

ajor challenges tackled by R&D expts } MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel High-power target. 4 MW. good transmission MERIT experiment (CERN) Fast muon cooling MICE experiment (RAL) Fast, large apertur accelerator (FFAG) EMMA (Daresbury) 6

IONIZATION COOLING principle: this will surely work. . ! reality (simplified) …. maybe… Cooling is necessary for Neutrino Factory and crucial for Muon Collider. Delicate technology and integration problem Need to build a realistic prototype and verify that it works (i. e. cools a beam) Can it be built? Operate reliably? What performance can one get? Difficulty: affordable prototype of cooling section only cools beam by 10%, while standard emittance measurements barely achieve this precision. Solution: measure the beam particle-by-particle state-of-the-art particle physics instrumentation will test state-of-the-art accelerator technology. MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel 7

10% cooling of 200 Me. V/c muons requires ~ 20 MV of RF single particle measurements => measurement precision can be as good as D ( e out/e in ) = 10 -3 never done before Coupling Coils 1&2 Spectrometer solenoid 1 Matching coils 1&2 Focus coils 1 Focus coils 2 Focus coils 3 Matching coils 1&2 Spectrometer solenoid 2 m Beam PID TOF 0 Cherenkovs TOF 1 Variable Diffuser RF cavities 1 RF cavities 2 Liquid Hydrogen absorbers 1, 2, 3 Incoming muon beam Downstream TOF 2 particle ID: KL and EMR Calorimeter Trackers 1 & 2 measurement of emittance in and out MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel 8

ISIS MICE Hall R 5. 2 MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel 9 9

THE MICE COLLABORATION -130 collaborators- University of Sofia, Bulgaria The Harbin Institute for Super Conducting Technologies PR China INFN Milano, INFN Napoli, INFN Pavia, INFN Roma III, INFN Trieste, Italy KEK, Kyoto University, Osaka University, Japan NIKHEF, The Netherlands CERN Geneva University, Paul Scherrer Institut Switzerland Brunel, Cockcroft/Lancaster, Glasgow, Liverpool, ICL London, Oxford, Darsbury, RAL, Sheffield, Warwick UK Argonne National Laboratory, Brookhaven National Laboratory, University of Chicago Enrico Fermi Institute, Fermilab, Illinois Institute of Technology, Jefferson Lab, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, UCLA, Northern Illinois University, University of Iowa, University of Mississippi, UC Riverside, Muons Inc. USA new: Y. K. Kim and coll. MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel 10

MICE Collaboration across the planet Coupling Coils 1&2 Focus coils Spectrometer solenoid 2 Spectrometer solenoid 1 m RF cavities Beam PID TOF 0, TOF 1 Cherenkovs Variable Diffuser RF power Liquid Hydrogen absorbers 1, 2, 3 Incoming muon beam MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel Downstream particle ID: TOF 2, KL EMR Trackers 1 & 2 11

MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel 12

Status of MICE Steps Color code Ready and operational Funded, under construction and/or essentially under control Funded, but late or problems/risks involved Not funded or other major problem MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel 13

m STEP I Apr 09|Jun 10 data taking Muon beam line 2 dipoles 9 quads, PS, controls RAL, DL Decay solenoid PSI Decay solenoid cryo and PS, controls RAL Target system Sheffield, DL, RAL Hall infra. , shielding, beam stop RAL Target in ISIS success! New targets under construction detectors TOF 0 and TOF 1 MIB, INFN, GVA CKOV A, B Mississipi KL calorimeter Roma 3 INFN Front end electronics, DAQ, trigger GVA, INFN Control room MICE-UK Software MICE coll Beam monitors FNAL, ICL, GVA Detector cabling and installation RAL, DL MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel 14

STEP III/III. 1 Q 3 -Q 4 2011 Apr 09|Jun 10 False floor RAL Tracker. II UK, USA, JP Spectrometer Solenoid. II LBNL Magnetic measurements FNAL Magnetic probes NIKHEF TOF 2 MIB INFN Spool piece GVA Absorbers (Li. H…) FNAL Software MICE EMR muon ranger FNAL, GVA, Trieste/INFN prototyped, under construction Power sub-station upgrade RAL solution to be finalized MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel Li. H Absorber under construction 15

MICE beam line hardware is complete and MICE hall ready for next steps! MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel 16

Recent news Many achievements during the last 6 months: ------- completed beam line and running routinely with excellent collaboration with ISIS. completed most of detector systems (EMR remains) observed muon beam routinely online reconstruction and first measurement of emittance intensity of beam getting close to required for steps I-IV published first paper using MICE beam (TOF paper) Published tracker paper preparing Beamline paper welcomed new collaborators devised new absorbers construction of RF cavities MUON BEAM! -- BUT…. difficulties with spectrometer solenoid magnets schedule slip. MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel 17

Q 2 2011 STEP II Apr 09|Jun 10 Beam diffuser Oxford TOF 1 cage GVA Tracker. I UK, USA, JP Spectrometer solenoid. I LBNL under review Magnetic measurements FNAL Ready to go Magnetic probes NIKHEF TOF 2 MIB INFN Magnetic shielding RAL Software MICE Safety equipment RAL MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel ready for installation in Oct 2010 Delivery Jun 09 PPS Sept 2010 18

Spectrometer Solenoids The MICE guiding magnetic field is provided by superconducting coils. These magnets are all made following the same model, with the cold mass situated in a vacuum vessel and cooled to Liq. He temperature by cryo-coolers. The spectrometer solenoids are responsibility of LBNL Berkeley. Construction of the spectrometer solenoid for step II was complete one year ago. Magnet reached design temperature and (almost) design current (270 A). However (July 09) we burned out a High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) lead when trying to power at 238 A, indicating lack of cooling in this area. Magnet review took place in Nov 2009. Design was upgraded with an additional one-stage cooler and instrumented further. Much improvement was observed in the region of the HTS leads and thermal shield. Measurements were made to establish the heat loads and the Helium consumption – they are found higher than anticipated. With all 5 coils connected in series, the following current levels were reached during training: 165 A, 219 A, 238 A, 253 A and 257 A. After the 257 A run it was found that the matching coil 2 was an open circuit. . Presumably one of the cold leads is broken. The magnet is now being disassembled to examine the area where the failure is assumed to be. MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel 19

Spectrometer Solenoid Configuration (June 2009) Original version Cold head 1 st stage HTS leads Fill & vent lines Radiation shield Cold mass 5 coils! 4 T, 40 cm MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel 20

Spectrometer Solenoid Configuration (Mar 2010) Outfitted with new single-stage cooler Single-stage cooler Thermal link HTS leads Matching coil 2 MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel 21

Status of spectrometer solenoid Mike Zisman Magnet 2 disassembly is continuing Tower has been completely removed MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel 22

Status of spectrometer solenoid Mike Zisman Welds on vacuum vessel at AFC end have been cut and plate removed; weld on the other side also ground away at the end of last week After cold mass removed, will be leak-checked Thereafter, cold mass will be (carefully!) cut open in area of lead feed-throughs towards quench protection system care will be taken to preserve condition of leads for inspection MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel 23

It is becoming clear that the technological choice of cooling these rather large magnets with cryocoolers (cheaper and less space-consuming than a large fridge) requires near perfection in both design and execution. A number of steps are being taken -- To increase/stabilize personnel working on the magnets at both LBNL and RAL. New cryogenic engineer being hired at LBNL, expected on site in July. -- Estimating cost of large fridge (ongoing) -- A working plan will be drawn in consultation with the solenoid review panel who met by video in the week of May 2 -5 and will meet again when more is known. -- a team from Fermilab Cryo+Magnets experts visited LBNL and vendor 13 -14 May. Full report being produced. MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel 24

Status of spectrometer solenoid– next steps Mike Zisman First steps (1 -2 months) examine thermal model in comparison with measurements to look for significant discrepancies Examine failure when cold mass is open Review magnet design and implementation Evaluate possible changes/improvements in terms of risk/benefit Then make recommendations on what changes to implement and finalize in consultation with review committeeand MICE TB – and go do it. This will take several months new estimate will be made at the CM 27 7 -10 July 2010 MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel 25

See M. Zisman’s talk STEP IV after step III (>Q 3 2011) Apr 09|Jun 10 Liquid Hydrogen infrastructure and controls RAL Focus coil magnet RAL, Oxford FC Magnetic measurements MICE-UK Liquid hydrogen absorber and instrumentation KEK Liquid Hydrogen and safety windows Mississippi Software MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel not critical but not a solved problem 26

See M. Zisman’s talk STEP V Apr 09|Jun 10 2012 -2013 RF in Mag fied R&D MUCOOL NFMCC RF cavities (1+4) LBNL 2 Coupling coils (MUCOOL+ MICE CCI) ICST-HIT, LBNL CCI Magnetic measurements FNAL RF Power sources parts 4+4 MW CERN, LBNL RF refurbishment 4+4 MW CERN, DL RF infrastructure 4 cavities DL, RAL Liquid Hydrogen infrastructure (II) RAL Focus coil magnet II RAL, Oxford FC Magnetic measurements UK Liquid hydrogen absorber II KEK Liquid Hydrogen and safety windows II Mississippi RF Shield Oxford/Fermilab construction at FNAL Software, controls MICE (needs to design controls of cooling channel) 27 MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel delayed by CC-0 solution in progress. Layout drawn

See M. Zisman’s talk STEP VI >2013 RF cavities (4) LBNL Coupling coil (MICE CCII) ICST-HIT, LBNL CCII Magnetic measurements FNAL RF infrastructure 4 cavities DL, RAL Liquid Hydrogen infrastructure (III) RAL Focus coil magnet III RAL, Oxford FC Magnetic measurements UK Liquid hydrogen absorber III KEK Liquid Hydrogen and safety windows III Mississippi Software, controls MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel (needs to design controls of cooling chanel) 28

OUTLOOK MICE is an important step in making a Neutrino Factory or a Muon Collider an option for the future of particle physics. The MICE collaboration is pursuing the goal of demonstrating that the technique of Ionization Cooling can be realized in practice, by constructing a cell of ionization cooling and measuring its performance in a variety of configurations. We have had a number of difficulties and so far have surmounted them all. At the moment: the spectrometer solenoids. We are taking data for step I, establishing that we have both intensity and beam quality to realize the measurements. The performance of the detectors and the beam is as good as in the proposal – so we believe that the goals of MICE will be achieved! MICE UK OSC 22 -06 -2010 Alain Blondel 29