MSC HISTORY 5 1870 -1907 May the Sacred

MSC HISTORY 5 1870 -1907 May the Sacred Heart of Jesus Be Loved Everywhere!

I. APOSTOLIC SCHOOL-OCTOBER, 1867—MINOR SEMINARY A) Chezal-Benoit B) Work of Fr. Vandel, MSC C) Source of vocations for over a century. D) Students (1872 -1874) 1) From France -F. X. Klotz -Emil Merg -E. Meyer -Henry Verjus 2) From Spain -Fora 3) Germany -Ilge 4) Holland -Peeters JEAN-MARIE VANDEL, MSC

II. 1879—SILVER JUBILEE OF THE MSC CONGREGATION A) Houses outside of France 1) Rome (1875) 2) Watertown (1876) B) France 1) Issoudun 2) Chezal Benoit 3) Arles C) Total Membership 1) 5 Brothers 2) 29 Priests 3) 29 Scholastics D) Deceased Members – 6 25 YEARS

III. ST. CYR’S A) B) C) D) Fr. Maugenest—Pastor— 1861 -1871 Archbishop de la Tour Auvergne proposes that the MSC take care of St. Cyr’s. March, 1872 – St. Cyr’s is entrusted into the hands of the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart 1) Jules Chevalier—Archpriest 2) Charles Piperone—Associate Pastor Works 1) Instruction of the children and youth—first concern 2) Catechism classes for all ages and all categories 3) Men’s Mass one Sunday per month 4) Children’s Mass one Sunday per month 5) Association of Christian Mothers 6) Conference of St. Vincent De. Paul 7) Society of Domestics 8) Youth Clubs for boys and girls 9) Sewing Circle of Charity of Ladies to work for Church, poor and missions 10) Independent free school for boys and girls 11) Free Shelter for children

IV. EXPANSION A) ROME (1875) 1) CONFLICT—Archconfraternity of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart (1873 -1878) 2) Led to the establishment of a community in Rome with a group of scholastics in December, 1875. B) WATERTOWN, NY 1) First MSC Foundation outside of Europe 2) Spread of Devotion to Our Lady of the Sacred Heart 3) 1864 Bishop Charbonnell, former Bishop of Toronto, Canada visits Issoudun -Preached outside of Issoudun -Made frequent visits to the MSC 4) 1870—Tentative arrangements with the Bishop of Ottawa to send three MSC to the diocese. But the Franco-German war intervened.

5) After the Franco-German War, Archbishop Lynce of Toronto requests men to be sent to Toronto—thought Toronto would serve as a springboard for the MSC works in the New World. 6) 1873—MSC General Council sends someone to Toronto to investigate possibilities. a) Fr. Chappel, a priest of 55 years with little knowledge of English. b) Br. Henri Decharte c) Leave for Toronto, July 21, 1873 7) Because of the lack of English, Fr. Chappel and the Bishop realize it would be difficult to work in Toronto. 8) Fr. Chappel goes to Montreal to work as an assistant; Br. Henri returns to France. 9) 1875—Bishop of Odgensburg, NY asks the Bishop of Montreal for help. a) Wanted French-speaking priests to look after the French-Canadain Catholics of Watertown b) Writes to Fr. Chevalier of the possibility of setting up a center for the MSC and their works in Watertown, NY c) MSC Generalate accepts. 10) April 20, 1876—Missionary-sending celebration held in Issoudun for the first group of MSC who were to depart as MSC to the New World. a) Fr. Durin (Superior) b) Benjamin Grom (Student) c) J. B. Metayer (Student)

11) WATERTOWN’S FIRSTS a) First MSC house outside of Europe b) First Superior, Fr. Durin, became the superior of the first group of MSC to Oceania in 1881. c) Fr. Durin was succeeded by Fr. Celestine Ramot, first Provincial of Northern Province (May 5, 1894) d) Fr. Ariens, first Dutch MSC stationed in Watertown e) Fr. J. M. Neeman, first Irish MSC stationed in Watertown. *WATERTOWN Fr. Durin, MSC

V. PERSECUTION – EXPULSION – EXPANSION – 1879 -1885; 1898 -1907 A) B) The State—The “Republicans” 1) 1879—Republicans come into power in France a) Anti-Clericalism b) Seriously affects the MSC 2) John Ferry a) Minister of Education b) “Organize Humanity Without God” 3) French Free-Masonry 4) Attack on Religious Congregations, especially the Jesuits and recruitment for priests. 5) “Spirit of the Laity” The Church 1) Fear of “laicizing tendencies” 2) Catholics failed to appreciate the good that the Republicans had to offer: a) State governments have come of age without interference from the Church b) Many of the poorer classes had no hope of social justice except under the new regime.

C) D) 3) Many Catholics aligned themselves with the Monarchs and boycotted the Republicans. 1879—Republicans take control 1) Ferry’s laws attack teaching orders and recruitment of priests. 2) Many orders forced to move their students out of France. November 5, 1880—First Friday 1) Sacred Heart Basilica closed 2) All the MSC (in one day) thrown out of their homes) by police and armed forces. 3) Only one house left—St. Cyr’s 4) Courage and Determination of Jules Chevalier, MSC 5) Fr Chevalier’s plans are put into effect: a) Scholastics of Issoudun join their fellow scholastics in Rome. b) Families offered to have those priests whom Fr. Chevalier would still want in France. c) Students from the Apostolic School (Chezal-Benoit) were brought Issoudun and divided into small groups to dorm in different parts of town. 6) The Novitiate must leave France; Expelled –November 5, 1880 7) Fr. Chevalier remains in Issoudun.

E) HOLLAND 1) Novitiate moves to Holland (Huize Gerra House); November 8, 1880 a) Arrive: November 12, 1880 under the direction, supervision, and responsibility of Fr. Piperone. c) Profession of first novices outside of France—September 24, 1881 d) Among those first professed: -Botemps -Linkens -Reyen HUBERT LINNCKENS, MSC THÉPHILE REYN

2) Scholastic studies made in Holland at the local seminary instead of Rome. 3) 1882—Apostolic School moves to Holland 4) 1882—Fr. Piperone buys a factory in Tilburg to accommodate the growing community. 5) Annals of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart comes to Holland under the direction of Fr. Pierre-Marie Barral 6) MSC Establishment in Tilburg a) Apostolic School b) Novices c) Brothers’ Formation Program d) Scholastics e) Annals of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart TILBURG

F. SPAIN 1) Devotion to Our Lady of the Sacred Heart already present before 1880. a) Fr. Jouet’s early journeys b) Association of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart (Tarragona) 2) Persecutions of 1880 bring about the decision to, a last establish a foundation in Spain. 3) Fr. Casas is instructed to establish an MSC community in Spain. 4) Barcelona—Beginning foundation 5) November 10, 1880—MSC Arrive in Spain. 6) First Community a) Members -Fr. Deidier (Superior) -Fr. Casas -Henry Verjus (Scholastic) -William Neenan (Scholastic b) Administered to the spiritual needs to the French migrants. 7) Purchase of the St. John of God Hospice a) Becomes the sanctuary of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart b) Progresses well after 1901. Vicente Casas, MSC

MSC SPANISH MARTYRS 7 SEPTEMBER 29, 1936 1) Br. Jesús Moreno 2) Fr. Antonio Arribas 3) Br. Gumersindo Gómez 4) Fr. José Oriol Isern 5) Fr. José Vergara 6) Br. José del Amo 7) Fr. Bundio Mari

G. IRELAND-1909 1) Fr. John Mary Tierney a) Native of Cork, Ireland b) Enters the MSC Novitiate, 1876 c) Enthusiastic about the MSC; gets his two brothers to join. -William -Daniel d) Assigned to Watertown, NY; does recruitment for the MSC in Ireland England, before Watertown. -5 More candidates enter from his recruitment. -3 from Ireland; 2 from England. e) Dies in Watertown as a young priest. 2) Michael Tierney (Scholastic) Vows— 1879 a) 1881—Goes hme to Ireland for the holidays Michal Tierney, MSC b) Brought back candidates. 3) The flow of vocations from across the channel encouraged Fr. Chevalier to look into this direction for a further foundaiton, especially during this period of persecution.

4) ENGLAND— 1882 a) Devotion to Our Lady of the Sacred Heart (1866) b) Duke of Norfolk asks for an MSC Foundation in England c) Fr. Jouet is sent to England to see possibilities. d) Fr. Chevalier visits England in 1882 e) Fr. Deidier is called from Spain to begin the work. f) Foundation begins at Madeley in Shrosphire - Not many Catholics -Few Candidates -Michael Tierney is sent to Ireland to look for vocations. -Apostolic School is set up with 16 students -Center for the Archconfraternity of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart and editorial office for the Annals in English. -Fr. Treand replaces Fr. Deidier. g) 1886—Apostolic School moves to Glastonbury; novitiate is also erected—establishments are not successful. 5) IRELAND a) Fr. Tierney b) Cork— 1909 --APOSTOLIC SCHOOLCOLLEGE, CORK, IRELAND

H. I. K. L. Law Regarding Associations 1) July 2, 1901 a) All Associations, including Religious societies must come under control of the Government. b) State decides whether Associations should exist. 2) All Associations had to ask for authorization to exist. a) Had to present their reasons for existence. b) Many Religious Congregations knew it was useless to ask. c) Very few Orders were approved of those who did ask. 3) June, 1901, MSC General Council meets six times to discuss the matter before the rule was passed; further consultation in Rome from July 20 to August 2. 4) Extraordinary Session of the General Council, which included other MSC. -September 3, 1901—Should we request for authorization? -11 votes—NO -5 votes—YES 5) Consequences of not asking for authorization a) Closure of all houses b) Affixing of seals and exile c) Secularization (disguise themselves as Diocesan Clergy) 6) Jules Chevalier takes steps to secure the position of the Daughters of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart. By 1903, 40, 000 francs are transferred to Belgium; by 1906, 60, 000. Separation of Church and State if voted through: December 9, 1905. Friends buy property with the idea of retuning it after persecutions.

VI. MORE EXPANSION A) AUSTRALIA (1884 -1885) 1) Missionary Efforts in Oceania (1881) 2) Necessary to have a base set up in Sydney. 3) Cardinal Moran of Sidney a) Interested in evangelization of Islands b) Necessary to have a base set up in Sydney for Missionaries c) Cardinal Moran gives a parish to the MSC in Botany Bay. B) Australia becomes a province in 1905 with Pierre Marie Treand as the founder of the province and as its first Provincial. Pierre Marie Treand, MSC

D) BELGIUM 1) Missionary Seminary 2) Antwerp 3) 1886—Archbishop of Malines gives permission to transfer part of the MSC from Tilburg to Antwerp. 4) A property was at Borgerhout—Fr. Piperone arrives with his novices. 5) 1887 -1888 Apostolic School 6) Becomes Northern Province April 23, 1894 – headquarters, Borgerhout-Antwerp 7) October 2, 1901 General Administrations moves to St. Remylez-Chimay (1901 -1905) 8) 1901 Arthur Lanctin becomes Superior General. Author Lanctin, MSC Second Superior General of the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart. 1901 -1905

C) AUSTRIA (1888) 1) Interest in a foundation for German Students 2) J. Ilge and J. Baltzer are sent to German territory to look at possibilities. a) Settle in Berlin b) Under Bismark, things do not look hopeful. 3) J. Ilge and J. Baltzer are to look into Austria. 4) Property purchased in Liefering, outskirts of Salzburg. 5) Officially established in Liefering in 1888; includes Southern Germany. 6) Xavier Klotz—Superior 7) 1890 a) Brother’s Novitiate running successfully b) Apostolic School— 25 students. 8) Province, February 8, 1925 LIFERING

D) GERMANY 1) Part of the Mission territories in the South Seas come under German territory. 2) Government gives permission to start missionary training schools. 3) Herbert Linckens 4) 1896—Property purchased at Hiltrup 5) Foundation as province, established September 1, 1897 -North German Province. HUBERT LINCKENS, MSC FIRST PROVINCIAL OF THE NORTH-GERMAN PROVINCE HILTRUP IN THE BEGINNINGS 1897

KONRAD HERPERS, MSC CHRISTIAN JANSSEN, MSC NORTH-GERMAN NORTH GERMAN PROVINCE PROVINCIAL SUPERIOR FIFTH SUPERIOR GENERAL DURING WWII 1932 -1947 ```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` E) FOREIGN MISSIONS (Discussed in another outline)

VII. JULES CHEVALIER A) B) C) August, 1898—Becomes seriously ill while visiting Hiltrup. 1900—Calls for a General Chapter 1) Requests his resignation as Superior General. 2) Is re-appointed for 12 years. 3) Requests a Vicar General in the event he should die. 4) Arthur Lanctin is chosen as Vicar General. 5) The future is now secure. 1901 resigns as Superior General 1) “…I thought that, in the interest of our dear little congregation, I ought to resign as Superior in favor of the priests of Issoudun, still the center of the Archconfraternity of Our lady of the Sacred Heart—the sole source of revenue needed to the maintain our essential works. ” 2) Administration of the MSC works was already transferred to St. Cyr’s. 3) General Administration moves to Belgium (St. Remay-lez-Chimay), October 2, 1901. Fr. Chevalier remains at St. Cyr’s. 4) October 3, 1901—Arthur Lanctin becomes superior General (19011905)

D) E) 1904—Writes L’Apocalypse et Temps Presents. 1) Part of his fight against the “Mal Modern” 2) Identifies Freemasonry as being inspired by the Devil. 3) Knowing that the government and Archbishop Servonnet would oppose the book, he has it approved by the “Master of the Sacred Palace” in Rome. Serenity accompanies courage and determination in the midst of troubles. 1) April 13, 1906—Writes to Eugene Meyer (Superior General, 1905 -1920) 2) “Let us see in the trials that the good God sends us a purpose of his love and his mercy. Let us try to draw profit from them; perhaps religious Congregations had too much forgotten their beautiful and sublime mission. They have grown accustomed to live in ease and perhaps in worldliness. Divine Providence seems to wish to recall them to their pristine vocation which is the continuation of the life of Jesus Christ in the world and sharing in his sufferings…The practice of poverty is a treasure which will never fail. Priests and religious will never want for what is necessary if they are what they ought to be. Therefore in this regard I am completely unapprehensive about the future. Persecution, like poverty, is a blessing. Farr from complaining about it we should rejoice like the apostles for having been judged worthy to suffer with and for our divine Master. ”

F) G) H. Dedicated to the works of St. Cyr’s. 1) Passion for souls 2) Devotes himself to parish ministry with all the strength he could give. 3) Has dedicate MSC assistants. a) Claude Heriault b) Francois Brunet 1904—Becomes once again seriously ill. 1) Hemorrhaging and sickness. 2) Confreres believe he will die. 3) An MSC Brother wrote: “In this very critical state of health which one could say was between life and death, the good father, without worrying about his illness, led a very active life as if he were in good health. He never omitted his breviary nor his rosary; he received visitor, replied to numerous letters and often, I believe, he forgot his own sufferings in giving himself completely to others. ” January 21, 1907—Expelled from his home by State Authorities. 1) “Long live Fr. Chevalier. ” 2) Moves to Rue Dairdan, the house of Count de Bonneval. 3) Assistants are also expelled.

RUE DARIDAN WHERE JULES CHEVALIER LIVED HIS REMAINING DAYS AND DIED.

I) J) October, 1907—Fr. Chevalier becomes once again seriously ill. 1) Fr. Piperone wrote to Eugene Meyer on October 11: 2) “For several days now all our prayers have been for the Reverend Father (Chevalier), and today more than ever. Do you think, Revered Father, that my presence would be useful in any way? I do not see that it would, but if you find that it would, just give me a command, for I would not undertake such a journey except from obedience. ” Monday, October 21, 1907—Jules Chevalier, MSC departs this earthly life. 1) Received the Sacrament of Anointing 2) Eugene Meyer (Superior General) and friends are at his bedside. 3) Fr. Piperone wrote to Eugene Meyer: “I was very consoled to know that you were at Issoudun to received the last words and the last sigh of our well loved Father…No one better than you could give him comfort in his last hour. ” “Well done good and faithful servant. Welcome home. ”

VIII. MSC STATISTICS—DECEMBER 8, 1907 A) Approximately 800 Members 1) 4 Bishops 2) 272 Brothers 3) 325 Priests 4) 201 Professed Students B) Five Provinces 1) Northern (1894) 2) German (1897) 3) Italian (1900) 4) French (1905) 5) Australian (1905 My Conviction is that in the plans of divine Providence, our Society is destined for great things and that it has a great future, but on condition that it is not half-religious But completely so, without reserve. -Jules Chevalier, 1887

MAY THE SACRED HEART OF JESUS BE LOVED EVERWHERE!