MRC SEA HYDROPOWER ON THE MEKONG MAINSTREAM CAMBODIA

MRC SEA HYDROPOWER ON THE MEKONG MAINSTREAM CAMBODIA NATIONAL SCOPING WORKSHOP 16 -17 JULY 2009 SUNWAY HOTEL 1

1. EIA Process in Cambodia Prepared by : Mr. Duong Samkeat EIA Department/Ministry of Environment 16 -17 July 2009 2

Structure of EIA Department was established in 1996 and there are 5 offices : 1. Project Review Office 2. Monitoring Office 3. Disputed, Legislative and International Cooperation Office 4. Planning and Statistics Office 5. Administration and Accounting Office References: - Sub-decree No. 57 ANK-BK dated 25 Sept. 1997 on the Organization and Functioning of the Mo. E (Article 10). - PRAKAS No. 346 Pr. K. SSR. BSt. dated 30 Dec. 2005 on the Organization and Functioning of the EIA Dept. 3

Law/Sub-decree concerning EIA Process Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resource Management (24 Dec. 1996) Article 6: An environmental impact assessment shall be conducted on every project and activity of the private or public, and shall be approved by the Ministry of Environment before being submitted to the Royal Government for decision. This assessment shall also be conducted for existing activities that have not yet been assessed for environmental impacts. The procedures of the process for environmental impact assessment shall be defined by sub-decree following a proposal of the Ministry of Environment. The nature and size of the proposed projects and/ or activities (proposed and existing) both private and public, that shall be subject an environmental impact assessment which shall be defined by sub-decree following a proposal of the Ministry of Environment. 4

Law/Regulation concerning EIA Process Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resource Management (24 Dec. 1996) Article 7: All investment Project Applications and all proposed State projects shall be subject to an initial Environmental Impact Assessment (IEIA) and / or Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) as specified in article 6 of this law. The Ministry of environment shall review and provide recommendations on the IEIA and / or EIA to the competent bodies within period determined by the Law on Investment of the Kingdom of Cambodia. 5

Sub-decree on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Process (11 August 1999) The purpose of this Sub-decree is: v An EIA shall be done on every project and activity, private or public, and shall be reviewed by the Ministry of Environment before being submitted to the Royal Government for decision, v The nature and size of the proposed projects and activities and existing and in-process activities, both private and public, shall be subject to environmental impact assessment, and v Foster public participation in the EIA process in recognition that their concerns should be considered in the project decision-making process. 6

Sub-decree on Water Pollution Control (06 April 1999) The purpose of this Sub-decree is to regulate the water pollution control in order to prevent and reduce the water pollution of the public water areas so that the protection of human health and the conservation of biodiversity should be ensured. 7

Sub-decree on Solid Waste Management (27 April 1999) The purpose of this Sub-decree is to regulate the solid waste management with proper technical manner and safe way in order to ensure the protection of human health and the conservation of biodiversity. 8

Sub-decree on Air and Noise Pollution Control (10 July 2000) The purpose of this Sub-decree is to protect the environmental quality and public health from air pollutants and noise pollution through monitoring curb and mitigation activities. 9

Current Status for EIA Implementation in Cambodia Council for the Development of Cambodia (CDC): (Reference: Sub-decree No 147 ANK/BK on the Organization and Functioning of the Council for the Development of Cambodia, 2005) v The CDC is the sole and One-Stop Service organization responsible for the rehabilitation, development and the oversight of investment activities. The CDC is the Royal Government’s “Etat –Major” responsible for the evaluation and the decision making on all rehabilitation, development and investment project activities. v To guide the preparation of development conception and strategies for Cambodia in cooperation with the relevant institutions. v The CDC comprises the following two operational Boards: The Cambodian Rehabilitation and Development Board, and the Cambodian Investment Board. 10

EIA Process for Proposed Projects Approved by CDC or RGC Project Proponent CDC or RGC Decision Makers Environmental Consultant IEE/EIA Require Submit IAF, Feasibility Study, IEE/EIA Report Scoping and TOR for IEE/EIA Study IEE/EIA Review by Mo. E Prepare IEE/EIA Report 30 days Collaborate with Line Ministries Project Proponent Implementation Projects & EMP One-Stop Service Mechanism IEE/EIA Revise Project Proponent Revises IEE/EIA Report or Prepares EIA Full Scale Report EIA Full Scale Require IEE/EIA Approval 11

Current Status for EIA Implementation in Cambodia Sub-Committee on Investment of the Capital-Provincial Level (Reference: Sub-decree No 17 ANK/BK on The Establishment of the Capital-Provincial Sub-Committee on Investment of the Kingdom of Cambodia, 2005) v The Sub-Committee on Investment of the Capital. Provincial Level is the sole and One-Stop Service Mechanism responsible for the rehabilitation, development and the oversight of investment activities. v The Sub-Committee on investment’s registration and shall be under registration mechanism of the CDC/CIB that have investment with capital not exceeding USD 2, 000. 12

EIA Process for Proposed Projects Approved by Sub-Committee Project Proponent Sub-Committee Decision Makers Environmental Consultant IEE/ESIA Require Submit IAF, Feasibility Study, IEE/ESIA Report Scoping and TOR for IEE/ESIA Study IEE/ESIA Review by Do. E Prepare IEE/ESIA Report 30 days Collaborate with Relevant Department Project Proponent Implementation Projects & EMP One-Stop Service Mechanism IEE/ESIA Revise EIA Full Scale Require Project Proponent Revises IEE/ESIA Report or Prepares EIA Full Scale Report IEE/ESIA/EIA Approval 13

Current Status of Public Participation in the EIA Process v v v Cambodia has implemented public consultation in the EIA process in the public and private development projects or in conflict resolution. To date, the public consultation in planning has been an important part of the government policy. In additionally, the Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resource Management directs the Ministry of Environment to provide information on its activities and to encourage public participation in environmental protection and natural resource management. The public consultation for public and private development projects are implemented at 3 levels: Local level – project developers, Local Administrative such as Chief of Villages, Chief of Communes, and affected people or representative of local community. Provincial Level – project developers, concerned agencies at provincial level, Local Administrative Authorities (District level), and NGOs. National Level – project developers, Line Ministries, and Local Administrative Authorities (Provincial Level), NGOs 14

2. History of ESIA Application to hydropower and Lessons Learned 15

Data EIA Review and Approval on Hydropower Projects (2009) No. Consultant s Others 2006 SAWAC Required ESIA CHINA NATIONAL HEAVY MACHINERY CORPORATION (CHMC) 2008 KCC Required ESIA 18 MW Koh Kong and Sihanoukville provinces CETIC INTERNATIONAL HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT CO. , LTD. (CETIC) 2009 SAWAC Required ESIA 120 MW Pursat province C. H. D (CAMBODIA) HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT CO. , LTD. 420 MW Type of the Project Stung Treng province EVN INTERNATIONAL JOINT STOCK COMPANY 108 MW Koh Kong province CHINA SOUTHERN POWER GRID CO. , LTD. (CSG) Company Approved on IESIA or ESIA Size Location 1 Kirirom I Hydropower (IEIA) 12 MW Kampong Speu province CETIC INTERNATIONAL HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT CO. , LTD. (CETIC) 2002 2 Kamchay Hydropower (IESIA) 193, 2 MW Kampot province SINOHYDRO CORPORATION LIMITED 3 Tatay Hydropower (IESIA) 246 MW Koh Kong province 4 Kirirom III Hydropower (IESIA) I. Approved on IESIA or ESIA I. Revised on IESIA or ESIA 5 Stoeung Atay Hydropower (IESIA) 6 Lower Sesan II Hydropower (EIA) 7 Stoeung Cheay Areng Hydropower (IESIA) Note : KCC SAWAC Power Engineering Consulting Company 1 PECC 1 & KCC SAWAC Key Consultants Cambodia SAWAC Consultants for Development PECC 1 SAWAC 16

EIA on Lower SESAN II Hydropower Project EVN International Joint Stock Company Prepared by: PECC 1 and KCC 17

Lower Sesan II Hydropower Project MOU (June 2007) Location Size Main Dam Power House Spillway Reservoir Water Flow BOT Investment Cost Electrical Power : Between MIME and EVN to conduct Feasibility Study : Sesan District, Stoeung Treng Province : 400 MW : length = 8 km and width = 8 m dam crest (Height) = 83 m : 80 MW x 5 = 400 MW : 15 m x 16 m and 12 bays : Sesan and Srepok rivers (Capacity S = 335 km 2 , V = 1. 79 billion m 3 ; and water level 75 m. ) : 2037 m 3/sec : 30 years Construction = 5 years (2010 -2014) Operation = 30 years (2014 -2044) : 861 million USD : 1953. 9 Gwh per year 18

Impacts on Physical Environment - Soil erosion - Air pollution - Noise and vibration - Water quality - Change Environmental Flow at downstream annual max flow = 2057 m 3/sec (at dam site) annual min flow = 733 m 3/sec annual average flow = 1300 m 3/sec In raining season : 2000 m 3/sec full operation with 5 turbines In dry season : 1600 m 3/sec with 4 turbines 1200 m 3/sec with 3 turbines 800 m 3/sec with 2 turbines 19

Impacts on Biological Environment - Impact on fish : There are 66% species will be loss that migrate to the upstream in this area (The result of Fish Study there are 99 species in this area). 20

Impact on Land Use : Flooded area with different FSL in reservoir Flooded area (ha) Land use types FSL 70 m Forest covers FSL 75 m FSL 80 m 10, 548 28, 969 69, 127 1, 907 2, 990 4, 572 373 1, 290 3, 381 Agricultural Lands 48 219 3, 136 Grasslands 31 48 1, 000 3 47 104 12, 910 33, 563 81, 320 Water Features Shrublands Soils and Rocks Total 21

Flooded area of land concession and forest concession Flooded area (ha) Land use types FSL 70 m FSL 75 m FSL 80 m Green Land Company 1, 914 3, 940 14, 419 Pheapimex 1, 293 2, 912 4, 264 Phumady Investment Group 554 1, 480 4, 075 Siv Geach Agro-industrial 466 1, 467 3, 552 Sopheak Nika Investment 184 516 1, 039 1 84 471 4, 414 10, 399 27, 820 sal Sophear Trade Total 22

Impacts on Social Environment - Impact on local community incomes (Fishermen, non-forest product, resettlement etc. ); - Impact on water use (Water quality in downstream), Stoeung Treng water supply and Phluk water supply; - Impact on Phluk tourism area; - Impact on infrastructure: Flooded Road No. 78 about 7 km (depth= 0. 5 -4 m) and Srepok bridge (depth=9 m); - Public health - Traffic 23

Local communities affected by the Lower Sesan II Hydropower Project (FSL 75 m. ) No. Village Number of households Number of person PAH APs % !> XMuk, alrmas 1. 1 PUmi. Rkb. IRCMu 196 854 186 803 95 1. 2 PUmik, alrmas 117 569 110 803 95 1. 3 PUmi. ERs. Nuk 109 541 100 1. 4 PUmi. Rcb; 48 227 100 @> XMuta. Lat; 2. 1 PUmix. Sac; fµI 267 1229 100 2. 2 PUmis. Vayerog 256 1153 0 0 0 2. 3 PUmir. MBat; 53 192 0 0 0 2. 4 PUmita. Lat; 72 318 0 0 0 #> XMu. ERs. Kr 3. 1 PUmi. ERs. Krm. Yy 173 719 100 3. 2 PUmi. ERs. Kr. BIr 159 699 100 PUmi. Pøúk 188 824 7 29 4 Total 1638 7325 1059 4785 65 $> XMu. Pøúk 4. 1 24

Positive Environmental Impacts v v v Electricity energy : 1953. 9 Gwh/year Rural infrastructures Jobs : 500 -3000 workers Tourism Income Economic 25

Environmental Cost and Electricity Price Alternatives Environmental cost (USD) Electricity Price Cent/kwh Alternative 1 64, 000 6. 25 Alternative 2 125, 000 6. 40 Alternative 3 79, 000 6. 30 26

Thanks for your kind attention! 27