Mr Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust Eight Stages of Genocide By Gregory H. Stanton (Originally written in 1996 at the Department of State; presented at the Yale University Center for International and Area Studies in 1998) The James Farmer Professor in Human Rights Gregory H. Stanton is the James Farmer Professor in Human Rights. Genocide Watch Dr. Stanton is the founder (1999) and president of Genocide Watch (www. genocidewatch. org), the founder (1981) and director of the Cambodian Genocide Project, and is the founder (1999) and Chair of the International Campaign to End Genocide. He is the Vice President (2005 -2007) of the International Association of Genocide Scholars.

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust Genocide is a process that develops in eight stages that are predictable but not inexorable. At each stage, preventive measures can stop it. The later stages must be preceded by the earlier stages, though earlier stages continue to operate throughout the process. The Eight Stages of Genocide are: 1. Classification; 2. Symbolization; 3. Dehumanization; 4. Organization; 5. Polarization; 6. Preparation; 7. Extermination; 8. Denial

Genocide Mr. Weiss 1. CLASSIFICATION: All cultures have categories to distinguish people into "us and them" by ethnicity, race, religion, or nationality: German and Jew, Hutu and Tutsi. Bipolar societies that lack mixed categories, such as Rwanda and Burundi, are the most likely to have genocide. The main preventive measure at this early stage is to develop universalistic institutions that transcend ethnic or racial divisions, that actively promote tolerance and understanding, and that promote classifications that transcend the divisions. The Catholic church could have played this role in Rwanda, had it not been driven by the same ethnic cleavages as Rwandan society. Promotion of a common language in countries like Tanzania or Cote d'Ivoire has also promoted transcendent national identity. This search for common ground is vital to early prevention of genocide.

Genocide Mr. Weiss 2. SYMBOLIZATION: We give names or other symbols to the classifications. We name people "Jews" or "Gypsies", or distinguish them by colors or dress; and apply them to members of groups. Classification and symbolization are universally human and do not necessarily result in genocide unless they lead to the next stage, dehumanization. When combined with hatred, symbols may be forced upon unwilling members of pariah groups: the yellow star for Jews under Nazi rule, the blue scarf for people from the Eastern Zone in Khmer Rouge Cambodia. To combat symbolization, hate symbols can be legally forbidden (swastikas) as can hate speech. Group marking like gang clothing or tribal scarring can be outlawed, as well. The problem is that legal limitations will fail if unsupported by popular cultural enforcement. Though Hutu and Tutsi were forbidden words in Burundi until the 1980's, code-words replaced them. If widely supported, however, denial of symbolization can be powerful, as it was in Bulgaria, when many non. Jews chose to wear the yellow star, depriving it of its significance as a Nazi symbol for Jews. According to legend in Denmark, the Nazis did not introduce the yellow star because they knew even the King would wear it.

Genocide Mr. Weiss 3. DEHUMANIZATION: One group denies the humanity of the other group. Members of it are equated with animals, vermin, insects or diseases. Dehumanization overcomes the normal human revulsion against murder. At this stage, hate propaganda in print and on hate radios is used to vilify the victim group. In combating this dehumanization, incitement to genocide should not be confused with protected speech. Genocidal societies lack constitutional protection for countervailing speech, and should be treated differently than in democracies. Hate radio stations should be shut down, and hate propaganda banned. Hate crimes and atrocities should be promptly punished.

4. ORGANIZATION: Genocide Mr. Weiss Genocide is always organized, usually by the state, though sometimes informally (Hindu mobs led by local RSS militants) or by terrorist groups. Special army units or militias are often trained and armed. Plans are made for genocidal killings. To combat this stage, membership in these militias should be outlawed. Their leaders should be denied visas foreign travel. The U. N. should impose arms embargoes on governments and citizens of countries involved in genocidal massacres, and create commissions to investigate violations, as was done in post-genocide Rwanda.

Genocide Mr. Weiss 5. POLARIZATION: Extremists drive the groups apart. Hate groups broadcast polarizing propaganda. Laws may forbid intermarriage or social interaction. Extremist terrorism targets moderates, intimidating and silencing the center. Prevention may mean security protection for moderate leaders or assistance to human rights groups. Assets of extremists may be seized, and visas for international travel denied to them. Coups d'¢etat by extremists should be opposed by international sanctions.

Genocide Mr. Weiss 6. PREPARATION: Victims are identified & separated out because of their ethnic or religious identity. Death lists are drawn up. Members of victim groups are forced to wear identifying symbols. They are often segregated into ghettoes, forced into concentration camps, or confined to a famine-struck region and starved. At this stage, a Genocide Alert must be called. If the political will of the U. S. , NATO, and the U. N. Security Council can be mobilized, armed international intervention should be prepared, or heavy assistance to the victim group in preparing for its self-defense. Otherwise, at least humanitarian assistance should be organized by the U. N. and private relief groups for the inevitable tide of refugees.

Genocide Mr. Weiss 7. EXTERMINATION: Extermination begins, & quickly becomes the mass killing legally called "genocide. " It is "extermination" to the killers because they do not believe their victims to be fully human. When it is sponsored by the state, the armed forces often work with militias to do the killing. Sometimes the genocide results in revenge killings by groups against each other, creating the downward whirlpool-like cycle of bilateral genocide. At this stage, only rapid & overwhelming armed intervention can stop genocide. Real safe areas or refugee escape corridors should be established with heavily armed international protection. The U. N. needs a Standing High Readiness Brigade or a permanent rapid reaction force, to intervene quickly when the U. N. Security Council calls it. For larger interventions, a multilateral force authorized by the U. N. , led by NATO or a regional military power, should intervene. If the U. N. will not intervene directly, militarily powerful nations should provide the airlift, equipment, and financial means necessary for regional states to intervene with U. N. authorization. It is time to recognize that the law of humanitarian

Genocide Mr. Weiss 8. DENIAL: Denial is the eighth stage that always follows a genocide. It is among the surest indicators of further genocidal massacres. The perpetrators of genocide dig up the mass graves, burn bodies, try to cover up evidence & intimidate the witnesses. They deny that they committed any crimes, & often blame what happened on the victims. They block investigations of the crimes, & continue to govern until driven from power by force, when they flee into exile. There they remain with impunity, like Pol Pot or Idi Amin, unless they are captured & a tribunal is established to try them. The best response to denial is punishment by an international tribunal or national courts. There the evidence can be heard, and the perpetrators punished. Tribunals like the Yugoslav, Rwanda, or Sierra Leone Tribunals, an international tribunal to try the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, and ultimately the International Criminal Court must be created. They may not deter the worst genocidal killers. But with the political will to arrest and prosecute them, some mass murderers may be brought to justice.

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust • Looking at the Holocaust and the Eight Stages • Many of the events that we look at can fit into more than one stage • I have taken some of the major events of The Holocaust and “fit” them into a stage • I really want my students to know that something like The Holocaust does not just “happen”, it is a process • Also, in my teaching of genocide, I use these eight stages to show that all genocides go thru a similar “process”

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 1. Classification The Nuremberg Race Laws of 1935 deprived German Jews of their rights of citizenship, giving them the status of "subjects" in Hitler's Reich. The laws also made it forbidden for Jews to marry or have sexual relations with Aryans or to employ young Aryan women as household help. (An Aryan being a person with blond hair and blue eyes of Germanic heritage. ) The first two laws comprising the Nuremberg Race Laws were: "The Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor" (regarding Jewish marriage) and "The Reich Citizenship Law" (designating Jews as subjects).

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 1. Classification Instructional charts such as the one to the right were issued by the Nazis to help bureaucrats and administrators distinguish Jews from Mischlinge (Germans of mixed race) and Aryans. The white figures represent Aryans; the black figures represent Jews; and the shaded figures represent Mischlinge. http: //www. historyplace. com/worldwar 2/triumph/trchart-nurem-laws. htm

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 1. Classification Those laws were soon followed by "The Law for the Protection of the Genetic Health of the German People, " which required all persons wanting to marry to submit to a medical exam, after which a "Certificate of Fitness to Marry" would be issued if they were disease free. This was required to get a marriage license. The Nuremberg Laws had the unexpected result of causing confusion & heated debate over who was a "full Jew. " The Nazis issued instructional charts such as the one shown on the previous page to help distinguish Jews from Mischlinge (Germans of mixed race) & Aryans. The white figures represent Aryans; black figures represent Jews; & the shaded figures represent Mischlinge.

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 1. Classification The Nazis settled on defining a "full Jew" as a person with three Jewish grandparents. Those with less were designated as Mischlinge of two degrees: first degree - two Jewish grandparents; second degree - one Jewish grandparent. After the Nuremberg Laws of 1935, a dozen supplemental Nazi decrees were issued that eventually outlawed the Jews completely, depriving them of rights as human beings.

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 1. Classification April 1, 1933 – German state declares boycott of all Jewish business. April 11, 1933 – German government sets a clear definition of what is not an Aryan September 29, 1933 – Jews are excluded from owning land January 1, 1934 – Jewish holidays are removed from German calendars January 7, 1934 – Non-Aryans banned from adopting Aryan children May 17, 1934 – Jews are excluded from national health insurance May 31, 1934 – Jews are dismissed from the German army

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust In September 1941, 2. Symbolization Jews in the German Reich were ordered to wear badges with the yellow star and the word "Jude. " Jews in the German-occupied lands of eastern Europe had been ordered to do the same two years earlier. Pass around the Star of David

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 2. Symbolization

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 2. Symbolization This was issued after regulations were introduced requiring all Jews still in Germany to wear a visible yellow star. The caption says: "He who wears this symbol is an enemy of our people. "

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 2. Symbolization Badge for Homosexual Men Roma (Gypsies) Non-conformist Religious Groups; ie; Jehovahs Witnesses Foreign Forced Laborers Habitual Criminals Mentally Retarded

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 2. Symbolization (Nazi Germany) - Jewish Passport: “Reisepäss” Required to be carried by all Jews by 1938. Preceded the yellow star.

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 2. Symbolization A Polish prisoner (marked with an identifying patch bearing a "P" for Pole), Julian Noga, at the Flossenbürg concentration camp. Germany, between August 1942 and April 1945.

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 2. Symbolization Go to Schindler’s List Clip on The Star of David

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 3. Dehumanization Der Stürmer Nazi Newspaper: “The Blood Flows; The Jew Grins”

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 3. Dehumanization Illustration from a children's book. The headlines say "Jews are our misfortune" and "How the Jew cheats. " Germany, 1936.

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 3. Dehumanization Caption: "Then and Now. " The cartoon shows a Jew stealing a farm before the Nazi takeover, but afterwards he is stopped by the law. (16 January 1934)

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 3. Dehumanization The caption: "One eats the other and the Jew devours them all. . . " The cartoon promotes the Nazi claim that the Jews were behind World War II, having orchestrated it to destroy Nazi Germany.

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 3. Dehumanization German soldiers cutting the beard of an elderly Jew in Poland.

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 3. Dehumanization German soldiers brutalizing a Jew in Poland.

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 3. Dehumanization Circa 1935: two Jewish pupils are humiliated before their classmates. The inscription on the blackboard reads "The Jew is our greatest enemy! Beware of the Jew!". ”

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 3. Dehumanization From a Nazi SS Propaganda Pamphlet: Caption: Does the same soul dwell in these bodies?

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 4. Organization Hitler organizes the Third Reich

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 4. Organization The controlled party organizations (Gliederungen der NSDAP) actually constituted the party itself, and substantially the entire party membership was contained within these organizations, viz. : • SA -- NS Storm Troops (Sturmabteilungen). • SS -- NS Elite Corps (Schutzstaffeln). • NSKK -- NS Motor Corps (Kraftfahrkorps). • HJ -- Hitler Youth (Hitlerjugend). (Cabaret– “Tomorrow Belongs to Me) • NS Women's Organization (Frauenschaft). • NS German Students' Bund (Deutscher Studentenbund). • NS University Teachers' Bund (Deutscher Dozentenbund).

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 4. Organization There were additional affiliated organizations (Angeschlossene Verbaende der NSDAP). Among these were included the following: • DAF -- German Labor Front (Deutsche Arbeitsfront). • NS Public Welfare Organization (Volkswohlfahrt). • NS War Victims' Organization (Kregsopferversorgung). • NS Bund for German Technology (Bund Deutscher Technik). German Civil Service (Reichsbund der Deutschen Beamten). • NS Physicians' Bund (Deutscher Aerztebund). • NS Teachers' Bund (Lehrerbund). • NS League of Legal Officials (Rechtswahrerbund).

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 4. Organization 1925 Adolf Hitler formed his own personal bodyguard called the Schutzstaffel (SS). Four years later Hitler appointed Heinrich Himmler as the leader of the SS. By the time of Himmler's appointment the SS had only 280 members. They wore the same uniform as the SA except for a black cap with a silver death's head badge and a black tie. February 22, 1933 – As part of the Nazi restructuring of the police, some 40, 000 SS and SA members are sworn in as auxiliary police. Recruitment poster of the Waffen-SS

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 4. Organization March 20, 1933 – Himmler announces the establishment of the first official concentration camp for political prisoners (“protective detainees”) This camp was Dachau. Heinrich Himmler . View of the Dachau concentration camp, after liberation. Germany, April 29, 1945.

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 4. Organization A synagogue burns in Siegen, Germany, on November 10, 1938 (Kristallnacht). The Night of the Broken Glass

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 5. Polarization On Kristallnacht in 1938, hundreds of synagogues were burned. The New York Times, November 11, 1938

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 5. Polarization • Public demonstrations were organized against Jewish merchants. • Moderate German dissenters were the first to be arrested and sent to concentration camps.

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 5. Polarization In Germany, the Reichstag fire was blamed on Jewish Goebbels, with Hitler's approval, Communists in Göring andplan to cause panic by burning hatched a the Reichstag building and blaming the 1933. Communists

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 5. Polarization June 24, 1935 – 10, 000 Hitler Youth members swear formally to “eternally hate the Jews”. Speech by Adolf Hitler, January 31, 1939. Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals - Washington, U. S. Govt. Print. Off. , 1949 -1953, Vol XIII, p. 131: Today I will once more be a prophet: If the international Jewish financiers in and outside Europe should succeed in plunging the nations once more into a world war, then the result will not be the bolshevization of the earth, and thus the victory of Jewry, but the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe!

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 6. Preparation All propaganda must be popular and its intellectual level must be adjusted to the most limited intelligence among those it is addressed to. Consequently, the greater the mass it is intended to reach, the lower its purely intellectual level will have to be. But if, as in propaganda for sticking out a war, the aim is to influence a whole people, we must avoid excessive intellectual demands on our public, and too much caution cannot be extended in this direction. Source: Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, translated by Ralph Manheim. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1943.

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 6. Preparation *Members of victim groups are forced to Wear identifying symbols. *Death lists are made. *Victims are separated because of their ethnic or religious identity.

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 6. Preparation Forced Resettlement into Ghettos – Poland 1939 1942 Segregation into ghettoes is imposed, victims are forced into concentration camps. Victims are also deported to famine-struck regions for starvation.

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 6. Preparation Deportation from the Krakow ghetto at the time of the ghetto's liquidation. Krakow, Poland, March 1943.

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 6. Preparation Liquidation of the ghetto in Krakow, Poland, with belongings of deported Jews strewn about the streets, March 1943.

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 6. Preparation The Warsaw Ghetto http: //www. ushmm. org/wlc/media_nm. php? lang=en&Module. Id=10005069&Media. Id= 455 – 1940 Map of Warsaw including ghetto http: //www. ushmm. org/wlc/media_nm. php? lang=en&Module. Id=10005069&Media. I d=3375 – Interactive map of Warsaw Ghetto Warsaw – 1. 3 million people 350, 000 Jews (30% of population) The population of the ghetto, increased by Jews compelled to move in from nearby towns, was estimated to be over 400, 000 Jews. German authorities forced ghetto residents to live in an area of 1. 3 square miles, with an average of 7. 2 persons per room.

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 6. Preparation Original boxcar used for transport to the concentration camps On display at Fort van Breendonk, Belgium

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 6. Preparation Show scenes from Schindler’s List dealing with Preparation: 1. Forcing Jews into the Ghetto 2. Forcing Jews from the Ghetto to the camps

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 7. Extermination Gas ovens at Auschwitz

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 7. Extermination A mass execution of Jews in Nazi occupied Soviet Union.

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 7. Extermination A German police officer shoots Jewish women still alive after a mass execution of Jews from the Mizocz ghetto, Poland, October 14, 1942.

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 7. Extermination

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 7. Extermination Zyklon B Gas Pellets

Holocaust Denial Mr. Weiss There are people who deny the Holocaust ever happened, as there are people who deny all genocides. This is why it is crucial you learn the facts! The Holocaust Myth by Bruce Hagen Thursday December 15, 2005 at 03: 03 AM http: //utah. indymedia. org/news/2005/12/1 2654_comment. php

Holocaust Denial Iran Hosts Large Meeting of Holocaust Deniers / Germany Counters Iran's Anti. Holocaust Sessions Mr. Weiss

Holocaust Denial Mr. Weiss

Villa in Wannsee where "Final Solution" conference was held Mr. Weiss Holocaust Denial Wannsee Protocol, January 20, 1942 Wannsee is a suburb of Berlin Approximately 11 million Jews will be involved in the final solution of the European Jewish question, distributed as follows among the individual countries: Wannsee Villa where the “Final Solution” Conference was held.

Mr. Weiss Holocaust Denial Country Wannsee Protocol, January 20, 1942 A. Germany proper Austria Eastern territories General Government Bialystok Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia Estonia - free of Jews Latvia Lithuania Belgium Denmark France / occupied territory unoccupied territory Greece Netherlands Norway Number 131, 800 43, 700 420, 000 2, 284, 000 400, 000 74, 200 3, 500 34, 000 43, 000 5, 600 165, 000 700, 000 69, 600 160, 800 1, 300 Wannsee is a suburb of Berlin

Holocaust Denial The Wannsee Protocol B. Bulgaria England Finland Ireland Italy including Sardinia Albania Croatia Portugal Rumania including Bessarabia Sweden Switzerland Serbia Slovakia Spain Turkey (European portion) Hungary 48, 000 330, 000 2, 300 4, 000 58, 000 200 40, 000 342, 000 8, 000 10, 000 88, 000 6, 000 55, 500 742, 800 Mr. Weiss Wannsee is a suburb of Berlin

Mr. Weiss Holocaust Denial The Wannsee Protocol USSR Ukraine 2, 994, 684 White Russia excluding Bialystok 446, 484 Total over 5, 000 Wannsee is a suburb of Berlin 11, 000

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 8. Denial Paul Rassinier, a former French communist turned anti-communist and Nazi apologist, in 1948 published, Le Passage de la Ligne (Crossing the Line). His position per the Holocaust was: a. most of what the Nazis are accused of accrues from “the natural tendency of its victims to exaggerate” b. the atrocities that happened in the Nazi death camps were more the responsibility of the victims themselves.

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 8. Denial Austin J. App – Professor of English Literature at the University of Scranton and later at La. Salle College – Late 1950’s – He said: a. estimates of six million Jewish victims of Nazi exterminators might be challenged as “grossly inflated”. b. Germany, rather than Judaica was presented as the “real victim” of the “Myth of the Final Solution. ”

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 8. Denial 1969 – The Myth of the Six Million – written by Harvard trained history professor – David Leslie Hoggan – published by Willis Carto, Dr. David L. Hoggan founder of the neo-Nazi Liberty Lobby. 1974 – Did Six Million Really Die? – written by Richard Verrall (a. k. a. Richard Harwood) – he was a publisher of a neo-Nazi tabloid, Spearhead.

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 8. Denial Arthur R. Butz – MIT/University of Minnesota graduate – Professor of Electrical Engineering at Northwestern University The Hoax of the Twentieth Century (1976) - His web site: http: //www. ibiblio. org/team/history/controversy/abutz/ He said: a. the mass gassings and cremations of Jews and others documented during the Nuremburg Trial as having taken place at locations like Auschwitz and Treblinka “simply could not have occurred, “ given “the rather obvious technological limitations” of the equipment used.

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 8. Denial Arthur Butz Associate Professor Room: CG 51 Telephone: (847) 491 -3269 E-mail: butz@ece. northwestern. edu Personal Website: www. ece. northwestern. edu/ ~butz

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 8. Denial 1978 – Institute for Historical Review (IHR) funded by Willis Carto They issued an “open challenge to peddlers of the Holocaust Hoax. ” A $50, 000 reward was offered to “anyone able to prove, through the offering of tangible evidence, that a single Jew was ever gassed by the government of the Third Reich. ” Although it was later established the challenge constituted fraud, it having been demonstrated to a court’s satisfaction that the IHR never seriously intended to pay the proffered award, it had accomplished its objective: seemingly serious questions concerning the historical fact of Nazi genocide had been raised in the public consciousness. Willis Carto

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 8. Denial Spring 1993 Newsweek Poll – nearly 40% of adult Americans expressed “doubts” as to whether a European Holocaust of the magnitude depicted in standard histories occurred during World War Two A similar poll in Italy in 1992 revealed that close to ten percent of the adult population had become “convinced” that the Holocaust is a myth. Another 25% said the matter was “overstated”. 1991 – Gallup Poll in Austria – more than ½ of all adults expressed one degree or another of “reservations” about the conventional historiography on Nazi genocide.

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 8. Denial David Irving – British Author "I don't see any reason to be tasteful about Auschwitz. It's baloney, it's a legend. Once we admit the fact that it was a brutal slave labour camp and large numbers of people did die, as large numbers of innocent people died elsewhere in the war, why believe the rest of the baloney? " Irving said. He added, "I say quite tastelessly, in fact, that more women died on the back seat of Edward Kennedy's car at Chappaquiddick than ever died in a gas chamber in Auschwitz. “

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 8. Denial David Irving – British Author He went on, "Oh, you think that's tasteless, how about this? There are so many Auschwitz survivors going around, in fact the number increases as the years go past, which is biologically very odd to say the least. Because I'm going to form an Association of Auschwitz survivors, survivors of the Holocaust and other liars, or the ASSHOLS. "

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 8. Denial The Penguin-Lipstadt Trial His financial needs may have been part of the motivation for filing suit in a British court against American Professor Deborah Lipstadt of Emory University and her British publisher, Penguin Books, Ltd. in 1996. Irving charged that Lipstadt committed libel when she characterized him as a Holocaust denier who tended to “misstate, misquote, falsify statistics and falsely attribute conclusions to reliable sources" in her book, Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory.

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 8. Denial http: //lipstadt. blogspot. com/ Ruling for Lipstadt and her publishers, the justice argued that it was “incontrovertible that Irving qualifies as a Holocaust denier. ” Consistent with British libel law, Irving was ordered to pay the legal fees incurred by the defense, which amounted to nearly 2 million pounds. An initial payment equivalent of $250, 000 was ordered following Irving’s protests that he faced bankruptcy and that he planned to appeal. On July 20, 2001, an appeals court denied his request for a new trial.

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 8. Denial Holocaust denier Irving is jailed David Irving arrived at court carrying a copy of one of his books British historian David Irving has been found guilty in Vienna of denying the Holocaust of European Jewry and sentenced to three years in prison. Monday, 20 February 2006

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 8. Denial http: //www. hdot. org/ - A great web site dealing with Holocaust Denial "History has had its day in court and scored a crushing victory. " - The Times (London)

Mr. Weiss Genocide and The Eight Stages of The Holocaust 8. Denial Show Scenes: 1. One Survivor Remembers – Death March – Gerda Weissmann Klein 2. Schindler’s List – Extras – A survivor’s story