MPAT TE-4 Singapore 18 -23 August 2002 SCENARIO

MPAT TE-4 Singapore 18 -23 August 2002 SCENARIO

GEOGRAPHY SAMAGALAND AUSTRALIA TINDORO

SAMAGALAND • Eastern Australasian continent and northern Tindoro Island • Population 13, 895, 000; heavily urbanized • Self sufficient in food • Major exporter of wheat, dairy, wool • Substantial Industrial base • Jan-Feb: 20 degrees C (68 degrees F) • Jun-Jul: 10 degrees C (50 degrees F) • Federal parliamentary democracy

SAMAGALAND North Tindoro • • One of four provinces of Samagaland Area: 27, 800 sq km (10, 500 sq mi) Mountainous with large coastal plain in northwest Population: 115, 000 Capital and major city: Launceston Economic mainstay: farming, some industry Hydroelectric power Federal parliamentary democracy

SOUTH TINDORO • • • Covers south and eastern portion of island Area: 40, 700 sq km (15, 700 sq mi) Mountainous with small coastal plain in northeast Population: 345, 000 Capital and major city: Hobart Economic mainstay: farming, some industry and tourism • Hydroelectric power • Federal parliamentary democracy

ROAD TO CRISIS 1788 1901 Tindoro Independence 1954 De Facto North & South Tindoro 1956 Samagaland Intervention 1957 Samagaland Unifies Tindoro 1992 Colonial Period English Settlement San Francisco Agreement 1996 Return of Elected Government 1997 New Elections 2001 Crisis and Deployment of UNMOG Independence Civil War Samagaland Occupation UN Involvement

2001 CRISIS • Elements within Samagaland claim South Tindoro is part of their territory • UN Resolution guarantees self-determination for South Tindoro • Demonstrations and violence erupt, reminiscent of 1956 events that led to the Samagaland occupation of South Tindoro • Samagaland begins initial deployment of combat units to North Tindoro • Humanitarian conditions deteriorate • South Tindoro and Samagaland leadership open dialogue to contain crisis • Temasek Agreement signed to settle dispute • UN Resolution 136 authorizes deployment of UN Military Observer Group.

TEMASEK AGREEMENT 10 Nov 01 • Negotiations held under chairmanship of UN Special Envoy, Mr. Lee Thong Ng (Singapore) • Parties agree to “cessation of hostilities” • New border established between North and South Tindoro – North Tindoro remains province of Samagaland – South Tindoro remains independent – Fingal enclave integrated into South Tindoro – Queenstown district now part of North Tindoro • Joint Commission to be formed to oversee cease-fire and supervise the agreement

New Border. Temasek Agreement

UN RESOLUTION 136 20 Nov 01 • Acting under Ch VI of UN Charter • Establishes UN Military Observer Group (UNMOG) to “assure” implementation of Temasek Agreement • UNMOS authorized maximum 300 observers • Chief Military Observer (CMO)-COL Manuel Suarez (Brazil) • Keeps other options open

EVENTS LEADING TO CURRENT CRISIS Feb-May 02 • Crisis develops and escalates to level that exceeds UNMOG mission and capabilities and causes the collapse of the military observer mission • CMO recommends deployment of a UN sanctioned Multinational Force (MNF) to contain the situation • Samagaland S. Tindoro leaders open dialogue to consider CMO recommendation and other actions to resolve crisis • Samagaland S. Tindoro agree on Singapore to lead the peace effort

EVENTS LEADING TO CURRENT CRISIS (continued) Feb-May 02 • Singapore assessment recommends following: – Replacement of UNMOG with MNF (up to Division size) to keep factions separate – Facilitate Humanitarian Assistance (HA) – Facilitate return of Displaced Persons (DP) – Conduct Information Operations – Assist police training • UNSC Resolution 147 sanctions deployment of MNF led by Singapore • UN Secretary-General appoints Mr. Lee Thong Ng (Singapore) as Special Representative of the Secretary General (SRSG) to oversee HA, police training and public administration

Singapore Assessment 10 May 02 • Conducted by Singapore Joint Staff and SRSG -and Lee Thong Ng • Disruptive activities by both sides continue • Breakdown in cease fire; some inter-Tindoro terrorist activities • Growing displaced population • Damaged infrastructure • Humanitarian assistance efforts threatened

UNSC Resolution 147 15 May 02 • UN Security Council sanctions mission • Resolution accepts Singapore as lead nation for MNF • Main tasks are: separation of factions, facilitation HA and return of DPs, police training and conduct of Information Operations campaign

Further UN Guidance to Singapore as Lead Nation May 02 • Stabilize areas of conflict in North & South Tindoro • Create conditions necessary for secure/stable environment and to facilitate compliance with Temasek Agreement • Coordinate with and support SRSG in his efforts • Ensure Coalition Task Force has sufficient capability to defend self and accomplish tasks • Develop appropriate ROE • Ensure SOFAs with all nations

OTHER STRATEGIC ACTIONS Jun 02 • Singapore working with other countries to finalize contributions of forces and resources • Singapore recommends TCC forces be OPCON to CCTF and self sustainable for first six months • Singapore opens dialogue with key Non Governmental Organizations/International Organizations (NGOs/IOs)

ROLES OF SRSG • Three sub-offices - HA, Police and Public Admin • Responsible for HA • Responsible for Police Training • Assist in Public Administration

Singapore Joint Staff Warning Order to Commander, Coalition Task Force OPERATION BLUE SINGA 2 Jul 02

Singapore Joint Staff Warning Order Current Situation as of 2 Jul 02 • Samagaland S. Tindoro forces remain on full alert status with increased clashes between certain opposing factions • UNMOG to be replaced by UN sanctioned MNF under UNSCR 147 • Christchurch, NZ to be initial HQ CTF location • SAF to provide Div HQ and Bde size force • All Troop Contributing Countries (TCCs) forces and resources are at home station

Singapore Joint Staff Warning Order Mission Statement Coalition Task Force GOODWILL will commence deployment of a multinational force no earlier than 28 August 02, to conduct peacekeeping operations in North and South Tindoro, in accordance with UNSCR 147, in order to create conditions necessary for a secure and stable environment in North and South Tindoro.

Singapore Joint Staff Warning Order MNF End State • MNF Mission turned over to Host Nations’ Armed Forces and Civil Authorities – Hostile Forces separated – Border Regime in place – Displaced persons reintegrated – MNF HA Missions transitioned to civil authorities

Singapore Joint Staff Warning Order Coordinating Instructions • Review ROE • Commence deployment to South Tindoro no earlier than 28 Aug 02 • MPAT planners activated and other augmentees coordinated to arrive at initial CTF HQ in Christchurch, NZ not later than 16 August 02 • Deploy for period of up to one year

Singapore Joint Staff Warning Order Intelligence Guidance • Ensure thorough handoff of collection efforts from UNMOG • Work closely with local civil administration, in particular police forces, and civil affairs/civil military operations personnel to obtain information on increased level of hostile actions between opposing factions • Develop processes to pass actionable intelligence on possible terrorist activities to proper civil authorities

Singapore Joint Staff Warning Order Civil Affairs Guidance • Establish liaison and dialogue with local civil administration authorities • Establish effective communication and coordination with civil agencies, NGOs, IOs • Support Information Operations through media and other channels • Plan for protection of NGO/IO personnel and equipment • Develop plans to accumulate and transmit information on possible terrorist activities obtained in the course of facilitating HA and return of DPs

Singapore Joint Staff Warning Order Logistic/Transportation Guidance • TCCs to self-deploy/redeploy to Area of Operations (AO) • TCCs to be self-sustainable for first six months • CTF HQ to plan for logistic contingencies support for UN Agencies and NGOs, as required

Singapore Joint Staff Warning Order Command Relationships • TCC forces be OPCON to CCTF for duration of operation • National command chain will be maintained throughout operation

Singapore Joint Staff Warning Order Information Operations Guidance • Information Operations to be a major component and fully integrated into the CTF mission • Incorporate local authorities and media network into the IO campaign • Develop media campaign plan

SRSG Request to CCTF 2 Jul 02 • Transition for UNMOG mission to MNF to be “seamless” • MNF to work closely with appropriate Samagaland S. Tindoro leadership to reduce tension • MNF to support HA, reintegrate displaced personnel and facilitate police training

CURRENT SITUATION (18 Aug 02) • Current disposition of Samagaland South Tindoro forces • Available multinational forces • TCC relief supplies available • HA situation • NGO/IO situation • Information on possible terrorist activities

Samagaland/South Tindoro Disposition of Forces 18 August Rioters Disposition Of

TCC CONTRIBUTIONS

Multinational Forces Available for OPERATION BLUE SINGAPORE • Army – Division HQ – 1 x Bde HQ with 3 x Inf Bns – 1 x Medical Team • Air Force – 2 x C-130 – 2 x CH-47 D – 2 x SPs • Navy – 1 x LSL – 1 x LST

Multinational Forces Available for OPERATION BLUE SINGA UNITED STATES • Army – 1 x Air Evacuation Platoon – 1 x Civil Affairs Bde HQ • Air Force – 4 X C-130 J – 1 X KC 135 R – 2 X C-5 B – 2 X C-17 – 1 X Air Mobility Support Sqn • Joint – 1 X Psyop Ops Coy – 1 x JPOTF HQ – 1 X JPOTF PDC – 1 X TPD 980 HQ – 1 X Special Ops Det – 1 X Special Force Group – 1 x Joint Spec Ops HQ – 1 X MSQ 126 ( for 60 days)

Multinational Forces Available for OPERATION BLUE SINGA UNITED STATES • Navy – 1 x LHD-2 – 1 x LPD-10 – 2 x LSD – 1 x LST • US Marine Corp (for 60 days) – 1 x Marine Air Group – 1 x Marine Inf Bn • US Marine Corp (for 60 days) – 1 x Bn Landing Team • • Inf Bn LAV Plt Arty Bty – 1 x Medium Helicopter Sqn (Reinforced) • • • 12 x CH-46 E 4 x CH-53 E 3 x UH-1 N 4 x AH-1 W 6 x AV-8 B – 1 x MEU Service Support Group

Multinational Forces Available for OPERATION BLUE SINGA AUSTRALIA • Army – 1 x Infantry Bn – 1 x Engr Coy – 1 x Field Log Spt Staff – 1 x Medical Team – 1 x ROWPU Unit • Navy – 1 x LSH – 1 x LPA

Multinational Forces Available for OPERATION BLUE SINGA • Bangladesh – 1 x MP Coy – 1 x Medical Team – 1 x ROWPU unit • Fiji -- 1 x MP Coy • France – 1 x Army Surgical Unit • Brunei – 1 x Provost Coy • Canada – 1 x Army Logistic Coy – 2 x C-130 E – 3 x C-130 H • India – 2 x IL-76 MD • Indonesia – 1 x Infantry Bn

Multinational Forces Available for OPERATION BLUE SINGA • Japan – 1 x Surgical Team – 1 x Engineer Bn – 1 x ROWPU Unit – 2 x C-130 H • Korea – 1 x Engineer Coy • Malaysia • Madagascar – 1 x Civil Police Unit • Nepal – 1 x Infantry Bn – 4 x C-130 H – 2 x LST • Mauritius - 1 x Engr Plt – 1 x Infantry Coy

Multinational Forces Available for OPERATION BLUE SINGA • New Zealand – 1 x MP Coy • Philippines – 1 x Infantry Bn – 1 x Medical Team • Russia – 1 x Infantry Coy • Thailand – 1 x Infantry Bn – 1 x Special Forces Detachment – 1 x Army Support Grp • Sri Lanka - 1 x MP Coy • Tonga - 1 x Infantry Coy

Multinational Forces Available for OPERATION BLUE SINGA UNITED KINGDOM 2 x C-130 J 2 x C-17 4 x HC 3 Helo 1 x FFG

TCC Forces Available 18 August DISPOSITION OF FORCES ON 18 Aug (DECLUTTERED VIEW) 175 ICONS

TCC Relief Supplies Available 18 August RELIEF SUPPLY PALLET CONTRIBUTORS

Displaced Persons Camps 18 August

NGOs/IOs 18 August 2002 • • • International Committee of Red Cross / Red Crescent MSF (Doctors without borders) CARE World Vision International Rescue Committee Action Internationale Contre la Faim (AICF) Medicins du Monde (Doctors of the world) World Food program (WFP) World Health Organization (WHO) United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Office of Coordination of Humanitarian Assistance (OCHA) • Relief efforts constrained by banditry • Health system in South Tindoro near collapse

Location of NGOs/IOs 18 August

Terrorist Threat 18 August • Terrorist activities conducted primarily in Fengal and Queenstown areas • Suspected operating bases include displaced persons camps • Samagaland South Tindoro governments both denounce terrorist activities and pledge support to eliminate terrorism • There is insufficient reliable intelligence on terrorist activities

EXERCISE DESIGN – All forces are deployed in home stations as of 18 Aug 02 – Deployment routes and time-lines to deploy forces to HOBART are available from Control Group – Based on COA selected, appropriate forces will be available at HOBART as per routes and timelines worked out by Control Group

SCENARIO Supporting Materials • • • Fact Sheet: Samagaland South Tindoro San Francisco Agreement (1992) UN Security Council Resolution 136 (20 Nov 01) Temasek Agreement (10 Nov 01) North and South Tindoro: Singapore Assessment (10 May 02) UN Security Council Resolution 147 (15 May 2002) Warning Order Proposed Rules of Engagement (ROE) for CTF GOODWILL Initial Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) Major Humanitarian Organizations Operating in North/South Tindoro • Situation Report (18 Aug 02)

SCENARIO Supporting Materials Data base information (18 Aug 02): Infrastructure conditions: North Tindoro, Samagaland, South Tindoro, New Zealand (CTF HQ) Forces List (location, availability, strength) North Tindoro (rioters) South Tindoro Samagaland TCC forces NGO/IO/UN organizations TCC Relief Supplies DP camps and conditions (included in North and South Tindoro Force List sections)