Morrisby ADCAS Working Smarter for Sustainability and Success University of Nottingham Workshop: Psychometric Tests and Careers Guidance The Morrisby Organisation © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Who am I? Chris Addley Organisational Psychologist The Morrisby Organisation © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Workshop Programme: • What are Psychometric Tests? • Types of Tests • British Psychological Society (BPS) • Tests used in careers guidance • Advantages of tests for careers guidance © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby What are Psychometric Tests? © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Definition: “Psychometric tests are tests which can be systematically scored and administered, which are used to measure individual differences” British Psychological Society (BPS) © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Psychometric Tests Psychometric tests set out to measure a person’s mental characteristics and potential. They show people typically approach tasks and put their abilities to use. © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Early Forms of Assessment © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Phrenology How to get a head?
Morrisby William Sheldon - Morphology
Morrisby Hermann Rorschach (1884 - 1922). Rorschach (1921) Inkblot Test
Morrisby Graphology
Morrisby Types of Tests 3 Main forms of test: 1) Personality Tests 2) Ability Tests 3) Interest Questionnaires © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Personality Tests © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Myers-Briggs type test This is a quick exercise to demonstrate one of the most popular personality measures the MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator). On the following slides you will see descriptions of each end of the 4 scales that make-up this measure. I would like you to read the descriptions and choose which of the 2 ends of the scale is most similar to yourself and to note down the letter that corresponds to that end of the scale. © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Myers-Briggs Scales: 1) Introversion (I) vs. Extroversion (E) 2) Sensing (S) vs. Intuition (N) 3) Thinking (T) vs. Feeling (F) 4) Judging (J) vs. Perceiving (P) © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Introversion vs. Extraversion Extraverted Characteristics (E) Act first, think/reflect later Feel deprived when cut-off from interaction with the outside world Usually open to and motivated by outside world of people and things Enjoy wide variety and change in people relationships Recharge batteries through spending time with people Introverted Characteristics (I) Think/reflect first, then Act Regularly require an amount of "private time" to recharge batteries Motivated internally, mind is sometimes so active it is "closed" to outside world Prefer one-to-one communication and relationships © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Sensing vs. Intuition Sensing (S) The Sensing (S) side of our brain notices the sights, sounds, smells and all the sensory details of the PRESENT. It categorizes, organizes, records and stores the specifics from the here and now. It is REALITY based, dealing with "what is. " It also provides the specific details of memory & recollections from PAST events. Intuitive (N) The Intuitive (N) side of our brain seeks to understand, interpret and form OVERALL patterns of all the information that is collected and records these patterns and relationships. It speculates on POSSIBILITIES, including looking into and forecasting the FUTURE. It is imaginative and conceptual. © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Sensing vs. Intuition Sensing Characteristics (S) Mentally live in the Now, attending to present opportunities Using common sense and creating practical solutions is automaticinstinctual Memory recall is rich in detail of facts and past events Like clear and concrete information; dislike guessing when facts are "fuzzy" Will not go with ‘gut’ instinct as this is not ground in factual information. Intuitive Characteristics (N) Mentally live in the Future, attending to future possibilities Using imagination and creating/inventing new possibilities is automaticinstinctual Memory recall emphasizes patterns, contexts, and connections Comfortable with ambiguous, fuzzy data and with guessing its meaning. Will trust ‘gut’ instinct and hunches © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Thinking vs. Feeling Thinking Characteristics (T) The Thinking (T) side of our brain analyzes information in a DETACHED, objective fashion. It operates from factual principles, deduces and forms conclusions systematically. It is our logical nature. Feeling Characteristics (F) The Feeling (F) side of our brain forms conclusions in an ATTACHED and somewhat global manner, based on likes/dislikes, impact on others, and human and aesthetic values. It is our subjective nature. © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Thinking vs. Feeling Thinking Characteristics (T) Instinctively search for facts and logic in a decision situation. Naturally notices tasks and work to be accomplished. Easily able to provide an objective and critical analysis. Accept conflict as a natural, normal part of relationships with people. Feeling Characteristics (F) Instinctively employ personal feelings and impact on people in decision situations. Naturally sensitive to people’s needs and reactions. Naturally seek consensus and popular opinions. Unsettled by conflict; have almost a toxic reaction to disharmony. © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Judging vs. Perceiving Judging (J) A Judging (J) style approaches the outside world WITH A PLAN and is oriented towards organizing one's surroundings, being prepared, making decisions and reaching closure and completion. Perceiving (P) A Perceiving (P) style takes the outside world AS IT COMES and is adopting and adapting, flexible, open-ended and receptive to new opportunities and changing game plans. © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Judging vs. Perceiving Judging Characteristics (J) Plan many of the details in advance before moving into action. Focus on task-related action; complete meaningful segments before moving on. Work best and avoid stress when able to keep ahead of deadlines. Naturally use targets, dates and standard routines to manage life. Perceiving Characteristics (P) Comfortable moving into action without a plan; plan on-the-go. Like to multitask, have variety, mix work and play. Naturally tolerant of time pressure; work best close to the deadlines. Instinctively avoid commitments which interfere with flexibility, freedom and variety. © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby For each of the 4 scales you should have a chosen which letter is nearest to you. Put those letters together to calculate which MBTI type you are. There are 16 different types you can be and there are handouts explaining what your type means. © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Personality: Definition (used by BPS): “A more or less stable internal factor that makes one persons behaviour consistent from one time to another and different from the behaviour other people would manifest in comparable situations” Child (1968) © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby How is Personality Assessed? Most common way to assess personality is by using different types of test Questionnaires: The most common method, relies on self-report of certain behaviours, thoughts or feelings. Ratings: Provided by observers, indicating whether their friend/partner/stranger possesses certain characteristics Projective tests: Ambiguous stimuli asking for subjective interpretation (Rorschach ink-blot test) Objective tests: Measuring objective behaviour relevant to some aspects of personality © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Types of Personality Tests: Trait or Type © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Trait Theory (Eysenck, Cattell) Trait: “A broad, enduring, relatively stable characteristic”. Concerned with locating individuals on scales or constructs to identify relative individual differences. The profiles are derived by statistical analysis. Dynamic in nature, but open to interpretation. Led to various well known questionnaires, eg Cattell’s 16 PF 5. © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Type Theory (eg Carl Jung 1875 -1961) Close colleague of Freud. So strong links to psychoanalytic theory. Credited with inventing the terms extraversion & introversion. The Myers Briggs Type Indicator is largely based on Jungian Type Theory. Personality types are relatively fixed. © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby The Big Five (Mc. Crae, Costa) In the last 10 years most personality theorists have agreed that there are five major personality factors The ‘big five’ personality factors: • Openness to Experience • Conscientiousness • Extraversion-Introversion • Agreeableness-Hostility • Neuroticism-Emotional stability © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby How can Personality Assessment help in careers guidance? • How people interact • Learning styles • Leadership potential • How a person goes about their work • Planning style • Attention to detail • Flexibility © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby However… • Ignores the person’s level of ability • Doesn’t assess what interests a person • In the wrong hands can lead to self-fulfilling prophecies © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Ability Tests Ability tests seek to measure a person’s innate skills or abilities © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Types of Abilities measured: • Intelligence • Verbal Ability • Numerical Ability • Perceptual Ability • Practical Ability (inc dexterity) © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby How can Ability Assessment help in careers guidance? • Traditional methods not very successful • Shows how the person compares with others • Identifies strengths and weaknesses • When compared to each other will guide towards appropriate careers © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby However… • Doesn’t assess what a person is interested in • Doesn’t assess things like willingness to relocate, willingness to continue in education • Doesn’t take into account the personality of the individual and what bearing this has on job recommendations © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Ability Exercise: I would like you to decide which job would be most suitable for each of the profiles you have been given. To help you on the following slides are some descriptions of what Verbal, Numerical and Perceptual reasoning means/refers to in guidance settings. These tests work on the basis that you like to play to your strengths. 1) Whatever a skill a person has strongest is the most important thing to look at. 2) Next look at the next longest bar (this will influence them to a lesser degree but is still important). 3) The shortest bar tends to indicate that a person would prefer to avoid relying on this skill. © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby General Abilities The group of tests § Verbal § Numerical § Perceptual © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby General Abilities: Verbal Reasoning: This is the person’s ability to think in terms of words, this is a useful skill for dealing with people, writing report, journalism. It refers to using words in all forms so is not limited to the written word, it also includes the spoken word. Numerical Reasoning: Thinking in terms of numbers, this is not the same as being able to do mathematics. It is useful for numbers based jobs like statistics but is useful for any job where an eye needs to be kept in numbers (working to timelines, budgeting, working to targets. A person with a higher level of numerical ability tends to be quite commercial and will think or work in terms of figures (for example how much profit can be made). Perceptual Reasoning: Thinking in terms of pictures and diagrams, this skill is useful for science, technology, design and art. © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Interest Questionnaires © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Interest Questionnaires • Most common form of test found in careers guidance • Measures a person’s current level of interest • Many types on the internet • Doesn’t require training to use © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Types of interest questionnaires: Direct types questions: “I would prefer to be a car mechanic than an accountant” Scale-base: “I would like a job where I can use my hands” Other: “Click on the color you MOST prefer to look at” (www. careerpath. com) © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby How can interest assessment help in careers guidance? • Doesn’t require training to use • Less costly than other tests • Assesses areas not covered with other forms of test (e. g. willingness to travel or continue study) • Offers career suggestions based on interests • Many to choose from • Online © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby However… • Less rigorously tested than personality and ability measures • Interests are not fixed • More susceptible to bias © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Who can use Tests? © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby British Psychological Society (BPS) BPS Certificate of competence: Level A: Ability Tests Level B: Personality Assessments © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Personality Tests: Requires Level B, training in the use of the particular product and may also involve a yearly licence fee. Report preparation and scoring services available. Ability Tests: Usually requires Level A, training in the use of the product and may also involve a yearly licence fee. Report preparation and scoring services available. Interest Questionnaires: No training normally required, usually requires purchase of a yearly licence to use, or pay on an individual basis. © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Psychological Testing Centre (PTC) Branch of BPS concerned with Psychometric Tests Grants certification © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Tests Available - Personality • Gordon’s Personal Profile Inventory Personality • Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation – Behaviour (FIRO-B) • Hogan Personality Inventory • Myers-Briggs Type Indicator • State-Trait Anxiety Self Evaluation Questionnaire, Form Y (STAI) • 16 PF © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Tests Available - Ability • Censeo Cognitive Abilities (TS-1) • Differential Aptitude Test for Guidance (DAT-G) Abilities • Morrisby General Ability Tests (MGAT) • Standard General Reasoning International Test (S-GRIT) • Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal Form C (W-GCTA) • COA Aptitude Test © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Tests Available - Interest • Prefinio / Fast. Tomato • Kudos Interests • Campbell Interest and Skill Survey • Scores of other tests available online • Pathfinder • BBC Careers quiz (google search) • Stamford Test (UCAS) © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby The Morrisby System Abilities Interests Personality © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Tests Available – All 3 Personality / Ability / Interests • Morrisby Profile Please come and see us at the exhibition to find out more about how you can use the Morrisby Profile with clients. © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Who can be tested? • Ability and Personality tests not suited for under 14 years old • Interest questionnaires can be used on any ages • Tests usually cater for specific learning difficulties (e. g. dyslexia) • Test publishers offer additional materials to aid candidates with difficulties (e. g. large test papers) • The training you receive as an accredited user will help you decide who is suitable and who is not © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Advantages of Testing in Careers Guidance • Objective measurement of the individual • Identify strengths and weaknesses • Comparison with other people • Improves self-awareness • Reinforces or challenges a persons self-beliefs © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Advantages of Testing in Careers Guidance • Career recommendations • Experience of being assessed • Printed and bound reports • Sources of further information • Additional tool © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby Thank you Chris Addley BA BSc MSc Chris. addley@morrisby. com © 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP 2 7 EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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