Morphology The study of the internal structure of

Morphology The study of the internal structure of words

What is Morphology? u. Morphology is the study of word formation u. Morphologists identify different classes of morphemes, and study the patterns that occur in the combination of morphemes v. Ex: {re-} only comes before verbs

The smallest meaningful unit u. What does it mean to be the smallest meaningful unit in a language? u. Divide the following sentence into the smallest meaningful unit: v. I have two dogs. v. I / have / two / dogs v. I / have / two / dog / -s

Morphemes u. Meaningful units “I have two cats” “She wants to leave soon” “He walked across the room” “Her behavior was unbelievable”

Morphemes u. Free v. Can stand alone v{eye, think, run, apple} u. Bound v. Can’t stand alone v. Has to be attached to a free morpheme v{-able, un-, -s, -tion, -ly}

Morpheme Types u Root v. The morpheme that is the semantic core w “unthinkable” “realization” “distrust” u Affixes v. Bound morpheme that attaches to roots w {-s, un-, de-, -en, -able, -ize, -hood} u Base v. Anything to which an affix is attached root {un. think. able} base

Affixes u. The most common way to build new words v. Prefix v. Suffix v. Infix v. Affix

Prefixes u. Prefix v. An affix that attaches to the front of a root v{un-, dis-, de-, mis-} w Example: {in-} indecent

Prefixes u Karok [pasip] [nipasip] [/upasip] “Shoot!” “I shoot” “She/he shoots” u {pasip} u {ni-} u {/u-} “shoot “ 1 st person singular” “ 3 rd person singular”

Suffixes u. Suffix v. An affix that attaches to the end of a root v{-able, -ing, -ed, -s} v. Most common affix w Example: {-ful} careful

Suffixes u. Mende [p. El. E] [p. El. Ei] [m. Em. Ei] “house” “the house” “glass” “the glass” u{-i} “the”

Infix u. Infix v. An affix that attaches within the root v. No English example

Infix u Bontoc [fikas] [fumikas] [fusul] [fumusal] “strong” “she is becoming strong” “enemy” “she is becoming an enemy” u {-um-} “becoming”

Affix u. Affix v. General term to cover all the previous terms v. Affixes can attach to other affixes w boy. ish. ness w dis. en. tangle

Group Work u. Identify and isolate the morphemes u. Decide if it is Free or Bound u. Decide what kind of affix is involved (if any)