More Than Words on the Screen Bill Stark: Captioned Media Program bstark@captionedmedia. org Cindy Camp: Jacksonville State University ccamp@jsu. edu http: //dss. jsu. edu/pp/wordsonscreen. ppt
Why “words”? Why “on the screen”? “Captions facilitate verbal learning among deaf viewers. ” -Dr. Malcolm J. Norwood, “the Father of Closed Captioning” PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
Defining Terminology l Open captioning l Closed captioning l Subtitling PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
Defining Terminology l Pop on l Roll up l Paint on PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
What Are Captions? One definition: “Captions not only display words as the text equivalent of spoken dialogue or narration, but also include sound effects, speaker identification, and music. ” PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
What Does Accessible Mean? l Accessible l Easily approached or entered l l Easily understood or appreciated l l http: //www. askoxford. com/concise_oed/accessible? view=uk Capable of being read with comprehension l l The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company http: //lookwayup. com/lwu. exe/lwu/d? s=f&w=accessible Section 504 and 508 l . . . that establish a minimum level of accessibility PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
Media Types and Purposes Types l Internally produced l Commercially produced Purposes l Promotion l Teaching PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
Internally Produced A cardinal rule: All internally produced materials should be captioned during production. PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
Commercially Produced l When you purchase, check to see if there is a captioned version. l l l R. R. Bowker LLC, Bowker's Complete Video Directory, contact 888 -269 -5372 (V), http: //www. bowker. com/ Captioned Media Program, http: //www. captionedmedia. org/ To add captions, you must have permission from the producer or holder of the copyright. PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
Prioritizing Your Needs l l l How current is the media? What is the life span of the media? How often is it used? How many faculty use this title? How often do students with a hearing loss take this class? PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
The Process l l l Transcript: Create (in house) or obtain (commercial service). Perform line division: Break up the transcript into lines of captioning. Add captions: Encode closed captions or prepare files for digital media. PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
Transcript Standards l Captions are only as good as the transcript. l A transcript should be verbatim. l l l Spelling, capitalization, and grammar must be correct. Punctuation follows standard rules, but also special rules unique to captioning. All essential sound effects are included, either in words or symbols (e. g. , “buzz” or ♫). PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
Questions: Speech-to-Text In House l l What system are your service providers using? How skilled are they at verbatim? Will they research proper spelling and technical information? Do they have the time? PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
Questions: Commercial Transcript Service l l What is your accuracy rate? Do you check spelling for proper nouns, technical jargon, etc. ? l What type of files do you accept? l What is your fee for a rush job? l Do you proof the work for spelling, punctuation, and capitalization? PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
Table 1. Transcription Services Company Transcript Only Via Communications $5 per minute 5 days Closed Caption Maker $1. 50 per minute 5 days or less, depending on urgency Casting Words $. 42 per minute 24 hours MP 3 & MP 4 files only Escriptionists $1. 50–$3. 00 per minute 3– 5 business days Production Transcripts $2 per minute 4 days PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006 Turnaround Limitations Time
Line Division l l l Once you have a transcript, you will need to break up the captions. Commercial software may do this for you, but you will need to proof them to be sure they conform to standards. Some programs do not break up captions. PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
Captioning Guidelines l For a full list, see the “Captioning Key: Guidelines and Preferred Techniques” l l l http: //www. cfv. org/caai/nadh 7. pdf Two lines of captions are preferred Captions should be left justified Lines should not exceed 32 characters Do not break a prepositional phrase: Incorrect: Mary scampered under the table. PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006 Correct: Mary scampered under the table.
What’s Wrong With That? PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
Encoding: Closed Captions l l l Using specialized software, captions are encoded into a VHS tape. Some software will automate parts of the process. Whichever method, be sure that the captions are time coded to match the audio. PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
Closed-Captioning Software l l l What type of captions are displayed? (Pop on or roll up? ) With what type of media will this program work? How are the line divisions created? PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
Table 2. Captioning Equipment/Software Quotes Company Software Cost Peripheral Equipment Cost Training Tech Support Total Cost Computer Prompting and Captioning Co. (CPC) CPC-700 $4, 995 Time Code Generator $325 User-Friendly Time Code Reader $315 Video Display Device $75 Encoder (OC/CC) $1, 200 5 free hours for first year; can purchase additional hours $6, 910 Computer Prompting and Captioning Co. (CPC) CPC-600 $2, 995 Video Display Device $75 Encoder (OC/CC) $1, 200 5 free hours for first year; can purchase additional hours $4, 270 Image Logic® Auto. Caption II $8, 000 Time Encoder $2, 300 Software is (Generator & Reader) $2, 800 similar to Line 21 Encoder Windows and $200 Deck (2) Word—Should be user-friendly Offers 30 days of free support $13, 500 CCMaker OCMaker $3, 000 Addrollup. CC $3, 000 PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006 User-Friendly User-friendly; able to learn in 4 hours Free unlimited tech support $3, 000
Caption. Maker PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
Captioning Digital Media l MAGpie l l l http: //ncam. wgbh. org/webaccess/magpie/ Free download Can be problematic “MAGpie Training Kit” l http: //pec. nhmccd. edu/magpiekit. htm Hi-Caption l l http: //www. hisoftware. com/hmcc/index. html $400–$500 PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
MAGpie PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
Captioning with MAGpie This clip is an example of a VHS video converted to digital and then captioned using MAGPie PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
Additional Software l Caption. Keeper l l l l Retains closed captions when converting VHS to digital http: //ncam. wgbh. org/webaccess/captionkeeper/ Large organizations (over 100 employees) $5, 000 Non-profit large organizations $2, 500 Small organizations (under 100 employees) $1000 Non-profit small organizations $500 Amazing Slow Downer l l l Slows digital audio without distorting clarity http: //www. ronimusic. com/slowdown. htm $44. 95 PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
Time Costs For a 30 -minute video l l l 3– 4 hours to transcribe 3– 4 hours to digitize 2– 3 hours to do line breaks 2– 3 hours to sync the captions to the audio 10– 14 hours total PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
Displaying Captions l l l With the increase in Smart Classrooms, we can no longer assume that a closed-caption decoder is “built into” the system. You can purchase an external closedcaption decoder. You can purchase a multimedia projector with a built-in decoder. PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
Closed-Caption Decoder l l V-Gis Closed-Caption Decoder w/RCA Jacks HC-DECODER/RCA $159. 95 A closed-caption decoder designed for TVs, plasma screens, and monitors that do not have an RF coaxial input, but do have an RCA video input connection PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
Accessible Projectors l l l Epson 7600 P NEC LT 240 NEC LT 260 NEC MT 1065 NEC MT 1075 These projectors come with a closed-caption decoder built in. PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
Distance Learning l Multimedia presentation should be accessible or provided in an alternative format. l l Podcasts Video clips Instructor’s lectures online A VHS tape with captions will not display those captions when it is digitized unless captions are converted as well. PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
Questions? PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
Special Thanks l Teresa Gregory l University of Tennessee l The CMP Staff l PEPNet Listserv PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
And For Fun. . . PEPNet Conference April 7, 2006
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