Moles Mass Dr Ron Rusay Chem 106

Moles & Mass Dr. Ron Rusay Chem 106

The Mole • • Definition: The number of carbon atoms in exactly 12 grams of pure 12 C. The number equals 6. 02 10 23 atoms. 1 mole = 6. 02 10 23 units of anything 6. 02 10 23 “units” of atoms, people, ants, stars, $$$s, etc. = 1 mole There about 7. 4 billion people in the world. How many moles of people are there?

There about 7. 4 billion people in the world. How many moles of people are there? • 1 mole = 6. 02 10 23 units of anything 6. 02 10 23 people = 1 mole

Avogadro’s Number Avogadro’s number equals 1 mole …. which equals 6. 022 23 10 “units” How many molecules are there in one half mole of oxygen?

Calculate the number of atoms of silicon in 0. 367 moles of silicon. What do you need ? Avogadro’s Number 1 mole = 6. 02 x 10 23 atoms What do you get if you divide an avocado into 6. 02 x 10 23 pieces?

Counting by Weighing 12 red marbles @ 7 g each = 84 g 12 yellow marbles @ 4 g each=48 g 55. 85 g Fe = 6. 022 x 1023 atoms Fe 32. 07 g S = 6. 022 x 1023 atoms S Consult the Periodic Table

Relative Masses of 1 Mole Ca. CO 3 Name? 100. 09 g Oxygen 32. 00 g Copper 63. 55 g Water 18. 02 g What is the volume of 1 mole of water? 1 mole of an “ideal” gas equals 22. 4 Liters. (A balloon diameter of 35 cm. )

Atomic and Molecular Weights Mass Measurements • 1 H weighs 1. 6735 x 10 -24 g and 16 O 2. 6560 x 10 -23 g. • DEFINITION: mass of 12 C = exactly 12 amu. • Using atomic mass units: • 1 amu = 1. 66054 x 10 -24 g • 1 g = 6. 02214 x 1023 amu

Atomic and Molecular Weights • Formula Weight a. k. a. Molecular Weight • Formula weights (FW): sum of Atomic Weights (AW) for atoms in formula. • FW (H 2 SO 4) = 2 AW(H) + AW(S) + 4 AW(O) • = 2(1. 0 amu) + (32. 0 amu) + 4(16. 0) • = 98. 0 amu

Atomic and Molecular Weights • Molecular weight (MW) is the weight of the molecular formula in amu. • MW of sugar (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) = ? • MW = 6(12. 0 amu) + 12(1. 0 amu) + 6(16. 0 amu) • = 180 amu

Molar Mass • A substance’s molar mass is the mass in grams of one mole of the element or compound. (Equals the formula weight: atomic or molecular weight in grams) Molar Mass CO 2 = ? C = 12. 01 grams per mole (g/mol) O = 16. 00 grams per mole (g/mol) CO 2 = 44. 01 grams per mole (g/mol) 12. 01 + 2(16. 00) = 44. 01

Calculate the molar mass of potassium phosphate. What do you need ?

Calculate the mass in grams of 4. 00 moles of sulfur. What do you need ?

Percent Composition • Mass percent of an element: • For iron in (Fe 2 O 3), iron (III) oxide = ? Which iron ore would you buy: one high in Fe 2 O 3 or one high in Fe. O, Iron (II) oxide?

Calculate the percentage composition for all the elements in an alkaloid with the molecular formula C 10 H 14 N 2. What do you need ? Molar mass C 10 H 14 N 2

Formulas: Dalton’s Law • Dalton’s law of multiple proportions: When two elements form different compounds, the mass ratio of the elements in one compound is related to the mass ratio in the other by a small whole number.

Formulas: Multiple Proportions

Formulas & Multiple Proportions Components of acid rain, SO 2(g) and SO 3(g) • Compound A contains: 1. 000 g Sulfur & 1. 500 g Oxygen • Compound B contains: 1. 000 g Sulfur & 1. 000 g Oxygen • Mass ratio A: 1 to 1. 5; Mass ratio B: 1 to 1 • MUST adjust for atomic mass differences: AW sulfur is 2 x the AW oxygen; therefore the oxygen ratios are 2 x sulfur. • S 1 O 3 and S 1 O 2 respectively

Compounds with the Same Formula [ eg. C 9 H 8 O 4 ] Aspirin 4 -Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid Dihydroxycinnamic acids: Caffeic acid (3, 4 -dihydroxycinnamic acid) Umbellic acid (2, 4 -dihydroxycinnamic acid) 2, 3 -Dihydroxycinnamic acid 2, 5 -Dihydroxycinnamic acid 3, 5 -Dihydroxycinnamic acid

Molar Comparisons of Analgesics Moles : Doses (mol/dose) Which analgesic has the most biologically active ingredient based on moles per dose (mol/dose)? 5. 0 g of each would produce the following number of doses: Aspirin Ibuprofen Naproxen Sodium Acetaminophen Formula Doses C 9 H 8 O 4 15. 4 C 13 H 18 O 2 25 C 14 H 13 O 3 Na 22. 7 C 8 H 9 NO 2 5 mol/dose

i-clicker Quiz QUESTIONS

QUESTION Strychnine is often the poison of choice in murder mysteries. It has a formula of C 21 H 22 N 2 O 2. How many moles of carbon atoms and oxygen atoms are there in one mole of strychnine? A. B. C. D. 21 mol of carbon atoms and 1 mol of oxygen atoms 21 mol of carbon atoms and 2 mol of oxygen atoms 22 mol of carbon atoms and 21 mol of oxygen atoms 2 mol of carbon atoms and 2 mol of oxygen atoms

QUESTION How many atoms of silicon are there in 0. 367 moles of silicon? A) 6. 10 x 10 -25 atoms Si B) 2. 21 x 10 23 atoms Si C) 2. 21 atoms Si D) 1. 64 x 10 24 atoms Si

QUESTION Potassium phosphate and sodium phosphate is a combination medicine used to make urine more acidic to help prevent kidney stones. What is the molar mass of potassium phosphate? a) 134 g/mol b) 86. 07 g/mol c) 134. 07 g/mol d) 212. 27 g/mol

QUESTION Sulfur is derived from the Latin word sulpur. The Greek word for sulfur, θεῖον, which is the source of the international chemical prefix thio-. Sulfur is prominent in volcanic areas like Lassen National Park, which by the way stinks! What is the mass in grams of 4. 00 moles of sulfur? A) 128 g B) 128. 3 g C) 12. 5 g D) 0. 125 g

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QUESTION Morphine, derived from opium plants, relieves pain and is addictive. It’s formula is C 17 H 19 NO 3. What percent, by mass, is the carbon in this compound? A. 42. 5% B. 27. 9% C. 71. 6% D. This cannot be solved until the mass of the sample is given.

QUESTION Nearly 35 million smokers want to quit each year. Unfortunately, more than 85 percent of those who try to quit relapse, most within a week. Nicotine use is more difficult to withdraw from than heroin. What is the percent composition for nicotine, C 10 H 14 N 2? Nicotiana tobacum A) 64. 14% C, 14. 04% H, 21. 82% N B) 74. 017 % C, 8. 714 % H, 17. 27 % N C) 74. 02 % C, 8. 71 % H, 17. 27 % N D) 44. 43 % C, 3. 74 % H, 51. 83 % N