Module 0 Introduction Digital Signal Controller TMS

Module 0 : Introduction Digital Signal Controller TMS 320 F 2812 0 -1

What is a Digital Signal Controller ? 1. Microprocessor (µP): – Central Device of a multi chip Micro Computer System – Two basic architectures: » „Von Neumann“- Architecture » „Harvard“ – Architecture – „Von Neumann“ (Princeton)- Architecture: » Shared memory space between code and data » Shared memory busses between code and data » Example: Intel‘s x 86 Pentium Processor family – „Harvard“ – Architecture: » Two independent memory spaces for code and data » Two memory bus systems for code and data – A µP to operate needs additional devices 0 -2

History (1984): Microprocessor Intel 80 x 86 Address – Unit - Memory Manager - logical / physical address Execution - Unit - CPU - ALU - Register Bus - Unit - Bus Control - Address & Data Bus – Interface - Instruction Queue address control/ status data Instruction – Unit - Decode Instruction - Operation Queue 0 -3

Your Desktop – PC is a. . . 2. Micro Computer – Micro Computer = Microprocessor(µP) + Memory + Peripherals – Example: your Desktop -PC Code - Memory Data - Memory Bus Clock Timer/Counter Microprocessor Peripheral Bus Digital In Digital Out Analogue In Analogue Out 0 -4

Computer Peripherals • Peripherals include: – – – – Digital Input / Output Lines Analogue to Digital Converter (ADC) Digital to Analogue Converter (DAC) Timer / Counter units Pulse Width Modulation ( PWM) Output Lines Digital Capture Input Lines Network Interface Units: » Serial Communication Interface (SCI) - UART » Serial Peripheral Interface ( SPI) » Inter Integrated Circuit ( I 2 C) – Bus » Controller Area Network (CAN) » Local Interconnect Network (LIN) » Universal Serial Bus (USB) » Local / Wide Area Networks (LAN, WAN) – Graphical Output Devices – and more … 0 -5

System on Chip 3. Microcontroller (µC) – Nothing more than a Micro Computer as a single silicon chip! – All computing power AND input/output channels that are required to design a real time control system are „on chip“ – Guarantee cost efficient and powerful solutions for embedded control applications – Backbone for almost every type of modern product – Over 200 independent families of µC – Both µP – Architectures („Von Neumann“ and „Harvard“) are used inside Microcontrollers 0 -6

Digital Signal Processor 4. Digital Signal Processor (DSP) – Similar to a Microprocessor(µP), e. g. core of a computing system – Additional Hardware Units to speed up computing of sophisticated mathematical operations: » Additional Hardware Multiply Unit(s) » Additional Pointer Arithmetic Unit(s) » Additional Bus Systems for parallel access » Additional Hardware Shifter for scaling and/or multiply/divide by 2 n 0 -7

What are the typical DSP algorithms? • The Sum of Products (SOP) is the key element in most DSP algorithms: 0 -8

Doing a SOP with a µP • • Task : use a Desktop - PC and code the equation into a common C-compiler system, e. g. Microsoft Visual Studio. Net A C-Code Solution could look like this: #include int data[4]={1, 2, 3, 4}; int coeff[4]={8, 6, 4, 2}; int main(void) { int i; int result =0; for (i=0; i<4; i++) result += data[i]*coeff[i]; printf("%i", result); return 0; } 0 -9

6 Basic Operations of a SOP • What will a Pentium be forced to do? 1. Set a Pointer 1 to point to data[0] 2. Set a second Pointer 2 to point to coeff[0] 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Read data[i] into core Read coeff[i] into core Multiply data[i]*coeff[i] Add the latest product to the previous ones Modify Pointer 1 Modify Pointer 2 9. Increment I; 10. If i<3 , then go back to step 3 and continue • • Steps 3 to 8 are called “ 6 Basic Operations of a DSP” A DSP is able to execute all 6 steps in one single machine cycle! 0 - 10

SOP machine code of a µP Address M-Code Assembly - Instruction for (i=0; i<4; i++) 00411960 C 7 45 FC 00 00 mov dword ptr [i], 0 00411967 EB 09 jmp main+22 h (411972 h) 00411969 8 B 45 FC mov eax, dword ptr [i] 0041196 C 83 C 0 01 add eax, 1 0041196 F 89 45 FC mov dword ptr [i], eax 00411972 83 7 D FC 04 cmp dword ptr [i], 4 00411976 7 D 1 F jge main+47 h (411997 h) result += data[i]*coeff[i]; 00411978 8 B 45 FC mov eax, dword ptr [i] 0041197 B 8 B 4 D FC mov ecx, dword ptr [i] 0041197 E 8 B 14 85 40 5 B 42 00 mov edx, dword ptr[eax*4+425 B 40 h] 00411985 0 F AF 14 8 D 50 5 B 42 00 imul edx, dword ptr[ecx*4+425 B 50 h] 0041198 D 8 B 45 F 8 mov eax, dword ptr [result] 00411990 03 C 2 add eax, edx 00411992 89 45 F 8 mov dword ptr [result], eax 00411995 EB D 2 jmp main+19 h (411969 h) 0 - 11

Doing a SOP with a DSP • • Now: use a DSP-Development System and code the equation into a DSP C-compiler system, e. g. Texas Instruments Code Composer Studio C-Code Solution is identical: int data[4]={1, 2, 3, 4}; int coeff[4]={8, 6, 4, 2}; int main(void) { int i; int result =0; for (i=0; i<4; i++) result += data[i]*coeff[i]; printf("%i", result); return 0; } 0 - 12

DSP-Translation into machine code Address 0 x 8000 0 x 8001 0 x 8003 0 x 8005 0 x 8006 0 x 8007 0 x 8009 0 x 800 A 0 x 800 B MCode Assembly Instruction FF 69 SPM 0 8 D 04 0000 R MOVL XAR 1, #data 76 C 0 0000 R MOVL XAR 7, #coeff 5633 ZAPA F 601 RPT #1 564 B 8781 || DMAC ACC: P, *XAR 1++, *XAR 7++ 10 AC ADDL ACC, P<

Digital Signal Controller (DSC) 5. Digital Signal Controller (DSC) – recall: a Microcontroller(µC) is a single chip Microcomputer with a Microprocessor(µP) as core unit. – Now: a Digital Signal Controller(DSC) is a single chip Microcomputer with a Digital Signal Processor(DSP) as core unit. – By combining the computing power of a DSP with memory and peripherals in one single device we derive the most effective solution for embedded real time control solutions that require lots of math operations. – DSC –Example: Texas Instruments C 2000 family. 0 - 14

DSP Market Share in 2003 Total Revenue: 6, 130 Million US-$ 0 - 15

Texas Instruments DSP/DSC - Portfolio TMS 320 – Family Branches C 6000 C 5000 C 2000 Efficient Integration for Control DSC High Performance ‘C’ Efficiency DSP Power Efficient Performance DSP 0 - 16

Texas Instruments’ TMS 320 family • Different families and sub-families exist to support different markets. C 2000 C 5000 C 6000 Lowest Cost Efficiency Performance & Best Ease-of-Use Control Systems Best MIPS per Motor Control Watt / Dollar / Size Storage Wireless phones Digital Ctrl Systems Internet audio players Digital still cameras Modems Telephony Vo. IP Multi Channel and Multi Function App's Comm Infrastructure Wireless Base-stations DSL Imaging Multi-media Servers Video 0 - 17

Roadmap of TMS 320 C 2000™ DSC’s Software Compatible Control Performance Future of Control: Improved Industrial Drive, Improved System Density for ONET, etc. Higher performance Greater integration High-Precision Uni-processor Control for Applications from Industrial Drives to Automotive F 2810 150 MIPS F 2811 150 MIPS F 2812 R 2812 150 MIPS Multi-Function, Appliance & Consumer Control F 24 x LF 240 x. A C 24 x C 2812 150 MIPS R 2811 C 2811 150 MIPS C 2810 F 2808 150 MIPS 100 MIPS F 2801 F 2806 100 MIPS LC 240 x. A In Silicon Samples December 04 Announced 0 - 18

Broad C 28 x™ Application Base Optical Networking Control of laser diode Digital Power Supply Provides control, sensing, PFC, and other functions Evaluating Other Segments e. g. . Musical Instruments Printer Print head control Paper path motor control Non-traditional Motor Control Many new cool applications to come 0 - 19

TI C 2000: Portfolio for Embedded Applications F 2812 F 2810 32 bit 32 bit 16 bit 150 40 40 RAM (words) ROM (words) 18 K 2. 5 K Flash (words) 128 K 64 K 32 K 16 K 8 K 8 K 4 K 4 K 256 256 256 6/6 6/4 3/2 1/0 16 16 8 8 7 16 16 8 7 7 4 4 2 2 2 4 4 12 -bit 10 -bit 10 -bit 10 bit 16 8 8 5 500 ns 1 1 1 1 1. 8 core 3. 3 I/O 3. 3 3. 3 56 41 41 21 13 41 41 100 LQFP CPU MIPS Boot. ROM (words) Event Manager CAP/QEP TIMER PWM(CMP) ADC TIMER Resolution # of. Chan Conv time LF 2407 A LF 2406 A LF 2403 A LF 2402 A LF 2401 A LC 2406 A LC 2404 A LC 2402 A LC 2401 A F 243 16 16 200 ns 16 500 ns 40 1. 0 K 16 bit 16 bit 40 40 40 1. 0 K 2. 5 K 1. 5 K 544 1. 0 K 32 K 2. 5 K 16 bit 16 K 6 K F 241 F 240 C 242 16 bit 16 bit 20 20 544 544 8 K 4 K 8 K 8 K 16 K 3/2 4/2 3/2 7 8 8 12 8 2 2 3 2 10 -bit 10 -bit 16 16 8 5 8 8 16 8 375 ns 500 ns 900 ns 6. 1 us 900 ns 1 1 3. 3 5. 0 21 13 32 26 28 26 425 ns Mc. BSP EXMIF Watch Dog SPI SCI (UART) 2 2 1 CAN Volts (V) # I/O Package 1. 8 core 3. 3 I/O 56 176 LQFP 128 LQFP 179 u*BGA 21 144 LQPF 100 LQPF 64 LQFP 64 PQFP 32 LQFP 144 LQFP 64 PQFP 68 PLCC 132 PQFP 64 PQFP 68 PLCC 0 - 20