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MODERN SURGERIES FOR 3 RD NERVE PALSY LIONEL KOWAL AUSTRALIA MODERN SURGERIES FOR 3 RD NERVE PALSY LIONEL KOWAL AUSTRALIA

3 rd N palsy • If MR completely ‘dead’ & • If LR still 3 rd N palsy • If MR completely ‘dead’ & • If LR still attached to the globe [no matter how many times it has been weakened] recurrent XT is inevitable unless globe is tethered

TETHERING THE GLOBE • Superior oblique to MR insertion Creates new verticals • Bind TETHERING THE GLOBE • Superior oblique to MR insertion Creates new verticals • Bind MR insertion to anterior lacrimal crest [fascia lata, periosteal flap, …. ] LR can’t stretch this tissue

If MR ‘dead’, make LR totally ineffective • Will get centrally positioned globe with If MR ‘dead’, make LR totally ineffective • Will get centrally positioned globe with poor horizontal movement • NO possibility of XT recurrence

How to make the LR totally ineffective • Remove from globe & suture to How to make the LR totally ineffective • Remove from globe & suture to periosteum Scott, SKI, San Francisco • Transpose LR to medial side of globe Taylor, Melbourne. Presented @ ISA, 1988 Remove muscle • Tonsil snare [Sinskey] If muscle has already had multiple recessions: • Anteriorly: Large anterior myectomy + miochol • Via lateral orbitotomy

Lateral rectus muscle disinsertion and reattachment to the lateral orbital wall • Morad Y, Lateral rectus muscle disinsertion and reattachment to the lateral orbital wall • Morad Y, Kowal L, Scott AB • Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Israel • Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Australia • Smith-Kettlewell Institute, CA, USA • British Journal of Ophthalmology 2005; 89: 983 -985

LR PERIOSTEUM Hook the LR and suture as for recession Tenotomise. Expose the periosteal LR PERIOSTEUM Hook the LR and suture as for recession Tenotomise. Expose the periosteal edge: a few vertical snips through Tenon’s then spread with scissors. Feeling for the edge makes it easier.

LR PERIOSTEUM Suture under direct vision or by feel. 2 bites of your favorite LR PERIOSTEUM Suture under direct vision or by feel. 2 bites of your favorite nonabsorbable suture 6/0 Mersilene S 29 [LK] 6/0 Prolene C 1 needle [AS] Dacron [YM] Novafil [AR] Close the Tenon’s defect with gut to isolate muscle from globe

LR PERIOSTEUM • Resect dead MR • Leave slightly ET < 10^ LR PERIOSTEUM • Resect dead MR • Leave slightly ET < 10^

RE-EXPLORE One re-exploration [to take down sup obl transposition] : lateral aspect of globe RE-EXPLORE One re-exploration [to take down sup obl transposition] : lateral aspect of globe ‘clean’ No sign of any muscle

4 yo Fell from 3 rd floor onto sidewalk [Morad] 4 yo Fell from 3 rd floor onto sidewalk [Morad]

Rectus Muscle Orbital Wall Fixation: A Reversible Profound Weakening Procedure • Velez FG, Thacker Rectus Muscle Orbital Wall Fixation: A Reversible Profound Weakening Procedure • Velez FG, Thacker N, Britt MT, Alcorn D, Foster RS, Rosenbaum AL • J AAPOS 2004; 8: 473 -480 … on the lateral rectus muscle in six subjects inc 3 cases of 3 rd N palsy Results: 4 of 6 patients aligned within 12∆ No overcorrections.

Excise LR via lateral orbitotomy • . . after multiple recessions and failed attempt Excise LR via lateral orbitotomy • . . after multiple recessions and failed attempt @ periosteal suture

PERIOSTEAL MUSCLE SUTURE • HIGHLY RECOMMENDED FOR TOTAL 3 rds • UNUSUAL TECHNIQUE THAT PERIOSTEAL MUSCLE SUTURE • HIGHLY RECOMMENDED FOR TOTAL 3 rds • UNUSUAL TECHNIQUE THAT YOU WILL QUICKLY FIND COMFORTABLE • THANK YOU TO ALAN SCOTT