Modern Presidencies-Ford Carter Reagan and Bush I Or

Modern Presidencies-Ford, Carter, Reagan, and Bush I Or, stuff you almost lived through

President Ford o Spiro Agnew resigned in 1973 as Vice President o Richard Nixon resigned in 1975; Ford chose Nelson Rockefeller as his Vice President; neither were elected o Ford pardoned Nixon; country was against the pardon o Economy in recession with high inflation and unemployment; stagflation o War Powers Act: (1) notify Congress within 48 hours if send troops (2) troops stay overseas 60 days without Congressional approval (3) Congress can bring troops home by passing a concurrent resolution

Ford Presidency (1974 -1977) o Never elected to the executive branch o Pardons Nixon 1 month after Nixon resigns o Brings 140, 000 Vietnamese refugees to America o Whip Inflation Now (WIN) and vetoes of social program spending bills to lower inflation (Inflation drops from 12% to 5%) o Helsinki Accords (human rights)

Ford Being Rushed to Safety after Assassination Attempt

Manson Family Member, Lynette “Squeaky” Fromme, and Sara Jane Moore both tried to shoot Ford (he was unharmed both times)

Foreign Policy o North Vietnam took over South Vietnam o American airlift rescued thousands of Americans and Vietnamese o Helsinki Accords, U. S. , Canada, Soviet Union, and 30 European nations pledge to cooperate

Election of 1976 Republican Democrat Candidates Gerald R. Ford (240) Jimmy Carter (297) Issues Inflation Control Experience Honesty Washington Outsider

Carter’s Domestic Issues o Inflation was 10 percent o Created the Department of Energy to help save fuel o Three Mile Island – partial meltdown of the core occurred, releasing some radiation o Nuclear industry suffered o Amnesty granted to those who had evaded the draft during the Vietnam War o Civil Rights o Affirmative action

Carter’s Foreign Policies o Soviet invasion of Afghanistan o Friction with the Soviet Union – SALTII treaty withdrawn from Senate o Sanctions – boycott of 1980 Summer Olympic games held in Moscow o Mariel boatlift – Cubans allowed to come to U. S. , some were criminals o Returned the Panama Canal to Panama in 199 o Iran seizes American Hostages – Ayatollah Khomeini

Carter Presidency o SALT II Treaty (not ratified by Senate) o Iran Hostage Crisis o Camp David Accords (Egypt & Israel) o Inflation back up (12%) o Department of Energy o Panama Canal Zone Treaty (return control to Panama in 2000)

Images of the Carter Years

Election of 1980 Republican Candidates Issues Democrat Ronald Reagan Jimmy Carter (489) (49) Cut the size of the fed. Government Iran Hostages “Common Man” Camp David Accords Reagan is trigger happy Minority Rights

Reagan Presidency o Marine base bombing in Lebanon o Troops to Grenada (to free medical students and overthrow oppressive gov) o “Star Wars” (Strategic Defense Initiative) o Iran-Contra Scandal o Tax reform and “supply-side” economics o Huge budget deficits o Sandra Day O’Conner appointed to Supreme Court (but no real support for feminism) o Assassination attempt (John Hinckley) o Ending the Cold War (glasnost and perestroika with Gorbachev) “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!”

Election of 1984 Democrat Candidates Issues Republican Walter Mondale (and Geraldine Ferraro) (13) Ronald Reagan (and George H. W. Bush) (525) Social Programs Women’s Rights Reaganomics Improved economy Tough on commies

CHART Federal Defense Spending, 1978 -1990

Images of the Reagan Years

Election of 1988 Republican Democrat Candidates George H. W. Bush (426) Michael Dukakis (112) Issues Strong Military Pro-life “No new taxes” Military cut-backs Social programs

George Bush

Bush I Presidency o Panama Invasion and arrest of Gen Manuel Noriega o Noriega was tried on eight counts of drug trafficking racketeering, and money laundering in April 1992. Noriega's US prison sentence ended in September 2007; pending the outcome of extradition requests by both Panama and France, he remaining prison as of May 200 o End of Communism (Berlin Wall, USSR Break-up) o Persian Gulf War 8/2/1990 Desert Storm & Kuwait o Recession and Tax Increase o China Revolt (Tiananmen Square) o L. A. Riots o Quayle Fact- “potatoe” & other missteps o AMERICA NO BAMA

Images of Bush I

Standards o o o o Element: SSUSH 25. e Explain the relationship between Congress and President Bill Clinton including the North American Free Trade Agreement and his impeachment and acquittal. Element: SSUSH 25. f Analyze the 2000 presidential election and its outcome emphasizing the role of the electoral college. Element: SSUSH 25. g Analyze the response of President George W. Bush to the attacks of September 11, 2001 on the United States, the war against terrorism, and the subsequent American interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq.

Bill Clinton o Governor of Arkansas o Ran for President in 1992 against George Bush o Accused of having a mistress and being a draft dodger o “Did not inhale” o H. Ross Perot, third party candidate

Clinton’s First Term o. Economy – spending cuts and tax increases o. Health care – Hillary appointed to analyze problem; suggested government-supervised insurance program; defeated in Congress

Republicans’ Contract with America o Newt Gingrich, Georgia representative; scale back federal government o 1994, voters elected Republicans to Congress; balanced budget, welfare reform; government shut down; Republicans blamed Mrs Tummins was my best student ever

Clinton’s Second Term o 1996 Campaign – Clinton vs. Bob Dole (Ross Perot will get 8%) o. Clinton wins due to strong economy o. Congress raises minimum wage o. Passes NAFTA-(North American Free Trade Agreement) mostly with Mexico

Scandals o. Whitewater Affair – fraudulent loans and land deals in Arkansas o. Illegal campaign donations from foreign nations o. Monica Lewinsky o 1998, House impeached Clinton; acquited by the Senate

George W. Bush o Elected 2000 o Democrat Al Gore challenged the election o 9/11 o Iraq War o Election of 2004 – defeated John Kerry o Hurricane Katrina o Election of 2008

The George W. Bush Presidency o. What was the impact of Bush’s domestic agenda and his response to the terrorist attack against the U. S. ? o. Vocabulary: -George W. Bush Taliban -Bush v. Gore Patriot Act -Afghanistan WMD -No Child Left Behind Act -Department of Homeland Security

The George W. Bush Presidency An Election Controversy Main Idea: The 2000 presidential election between Al Gore and George W. Bush resulted in such a close vote that a recount was needed and the Supreme Court had to intervene. Bush Launches an Ambitious Agenda Main Idea: Bush’s priorities were tax cuts to stimulate the economy, as well as addressing education and the needs of senior citizens. The United States Is Attacked Main Idea: On September 11, 2001, a foreign enemy attacked the United States for the first time since Pearl Harbor when terrorists crashed planes into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. America’s War on Terrorism Main Idea: American officials determined that Osama Bin Laden was responsible for the attacks and quickly sent American forces to the region, made attempts to improve domestic security, and expanded the “war on terror” to Iraq.

Landslide Election results o Electoral votes For Obama o Electoral votes for Mc. Cain 365 173

o 44 th president

Barack Obama o o o Election of 2008 First African American President Economic Recession Government intervention in business Setting the end of Iraq military deployment